types of prostheses and advantages with disadvantages.pptx

Contains information on prosthesis

1. Types of prostheses with advantages and disadvantages presented by; feussom gladice larissa

2. introduction Prosthesis is an artificial substitute for a missing part of the body. Prosthetic construction design The prosthetics are designed into two types 1. Endoskeletal prostheses 2. Exoskeletal prostheses

3. Exoskeletal prostheses Exoskeletal prostheses have a hard outer plastic or metal shell in the shape of the limb. They are permanently fixed and not adjustable. Exoskeletal prostheses are more durable and may be preferred by people who do physical labour or are in harsh environments that could damage the prosthesis. The exoskeletal prostheses supporting structures are outside. It is also called as conventional or crustacean prostheses.

4. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages of exoskeletal prostheses are Lasted for a longer period More resistant to external wear Cost effective Disadvantages are Heavy & uncomfortable for use Fabrication time is longer Alignment cannot be changed & couldn’t be adjusted Not suitable for through knee amputation.

5. Endoskeletal prostheses Endoskeletal prostheses have a central inner skeletal structure and are adjustable, but less durable. The endoskeletal system is often covered with a soft material in the shape of the limb and a synthetic skin. Endoskeletal prostheses supporting structure is internal it is also called as modular prostheses, it is the most commonly used type of prostheses.

6. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages of endoskeletal prostheses are Changes may be done at any point of time Light weight and comfortable for weight bearing Cosmetically acceptable and it gives the appearance of near to normal Suitable for all levels of amputation It gives adequate adjustment and good dynamic alignment. Disadvantages Less resistant to external wear The foam cover does not last for a longer period of time and needs to be changed often.

7. General types of upper limb prostheses There are 5 general types of upper limb prostheses: Passive prostheses Body-powered prostheses Externally powered myoelectric prostheses Hybrid prostheses Activity-specific prostheses

8. Passive prostheses Passive prostheses assist in balance, stabilization of objects (such as holding down paper when writing), and recreational/vocational activities. They look like a natural limb and are the lightest and cheapest, but they do not provide active hand and joint movement.

9. Body-powered prostheses Body-powered prostheses are the most common, because they tend to be less expensive, more durable, and require less maintenance. A strap-cable system holds the prosthesis on and uses the motion of the person's shoulder blade and upper arm to operate the hand, and/or elbow joint.

10. Externally powered myoelectric prostheses Externally powered myoelectric prostheses provide active hand and joint movement without needing shoulder or body motion. Sensors and other inputs use muscle movement of the residual limb or upper body control electrically powered actuators that provide greater grasp force than body-powered prostheses .

11. Hybrid prostheses Hybrid prostheses are typically used for higher level upper-limb amputations. They combine specific features of body power and myoelectric power. For example, a body-powered elbow might be combined with an externally powered hand or terminal device.

12. Activity-specific prostheses Activity-specific prostheses are for people who participate in activities that could damage the residual limb or everyday prosthesis, or when the everyday prosthesis would not function effectively. Activity-specific terminal devices can allow the person to grasp a hammer and other tools. Others aid in various specific activities (for example, swimming or fishing). These prostheses can be passive or controlled by the amputee.

13. General types of lower limb prostheses There are 3 general types of lower limb prostheses: Prosthetic ankle and foot systems Prosthetic knee systems Sport-specific prosthetic foot and knee systems

14. Prosthetic ankle and foot systems Prosthetic ankle and foot systems may include a hydraulic system(are complicated fluid based systems for transferring energy and converting that energy into useful work) that dampens impact forces. Some automatically adjust to changes in walking speed. Some are passive mechanisms, others provide active propulsion, which greatly reduces energy requirements for walking.

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16. Prosthetic knee systems Prosthetic knee systems include passive body-powered systems with a single- or multi-axis joint. Microprocessor-controlled knee systems lower the amount of effort people need to use while walking and provide greater safety and stability control of the prosthetic knee reducing risk of falling.

17. Advantages and disadvantage advantages: Very simplistic Durable Very light Economical disadvantage Individual use their own muscle power due to the simplicity

18. Sport-specific prosthetic foot and knee systems Sport-specific prosthetic foot and knee systems help people achieve the highest level of physical performance. Some systems are effective for multiple sport and recreational activities. Others are designed for specific events (such as sprinting, long-distance running, skiing, or swimming).

19. Advantages of prostheses loss of limb not only causes physical handicap but also leads to Social, Psychological and economic effects on the individual and family. This loss can be overcome to a greater extent by the application of artificial limb which restores the function as well as total body image.

20. Disadvantages of prostheses 1. Skin problems: o Contact dermatitis most commonly caused by liner, socks, and suspension mechanism 2. Erythema, skin damage – due to shear forces and improperly fit of prostheses. 3. Painful residual limb – due to pressure in the bony prominence.

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