Types of Qualitative & Research Variables.pptx

Types of Qualitative & Research Variables

1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPES OF

2. 1. ETHNOGRAPHY The researcher embeds themselves within the group in which they are studying. This type of research, common in anthropology. Aims to understand the shared beliefs, practices, and values of a particular community through the researcher’s immersion within the cultural group.

3. Example Study Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street by Karen Ho involves an anthropologist who embeds herself with Wall Street firms to study the culture of Wall Street bankers and how this culture affects the broader economy and world.

4. 2. PHENOMENOLOGY Phenomenology, focuses on exploring the lived experiences and subjective perceptions of individuals. However, it focuses specifically on people’s experiences in relation to a specific social phenomenon.

5. Example Study A phenomenological approach to experiences with technology by Sebnem Cilesiz represents a good starting-point for formulating a phenomenological study. With its focus on the ‘essence of experience’, this piece presents methodological, reliability, validity, and data analysis techniques that phenomenologists use to explain how people experience technology in their everyday lives.

6. 3. CASE STUDY Case study research is the quintessential qualitative research methodology. Instead of examining a whole population to develop numerical trend data, case study researchers try to obtain in-depth, nuanced, and contextualized explanations of one single event.

7. Example Study A phenomenological approach to experiences with technology by Sebnem Cilesiz represents a good starting-point for formulating a phenomenological study. With its focus on the ‘essence of experience’, this piece presents methodological, reliability, validity, and data analysis techniques that phenomenologists use to explain how people experience technology in their everyday lives.

8. 4. ACTION RESEARCH Action research, common in education and nursing, involves conducting field research that directly informs and builds upon a specific professional approach or intervention.

9. Example Study Using Digital Sandbox Gaming to Improve Creativity Within Boys’ Writing by Ellison and Drew was a research study one of my research students completed in his own classroom under my supervision. He implemented a digital game-based approach to literacy teaching with boys and interviewed his students to see if the use of games as stimuli for storytelling helped draw them into the learning experience.

10. 5. NARRATIVE RESEARCH Narrative research involves the study of the narratives people produce in their minds about topics, such as themselves, an event, or a phenomenon. It is perhaps most closely connected to life history research, explored above.

11. Example Study Learning to Labour by Paul Willis is perhaps one of the most famous examples of narrative research. In this study, Willis explored the personal identity narratives that working-class English boys created around work and school, demonstrating their choices to reject formal education and its middle-class values while many of them embraced hard work ethic for types of work they valued, namely, creative and productive physical labor.

12. INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT VS VARIABLES

13. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES An independent variable is the variable you manipulate or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects. It’s called “independent” because it’s not influenced by any other variables in the study.

14. DEPENDENT VARIABLES A dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation. It’s the outcome you’re interested in measuring, and it “depends” on your independent variable.

15. Examples: The Effect of Study Habits on Academic Performance of Grade 8 Students IV = Study Habits DV = Academic Performance

16. Examples: The Impact of Social Media Usage on the Sleep Quality of Teenagers IV = Social Media Usage DV = Sleep Quality

17. Examples: The Influence of Teacher Feedback on Student Motivation IV = Teacher Feedback DV = Student Motivation

18. Examples: The Effect of Exercise on Stress Levels of College Students IV = Exercise DV = Stress Levels

19. Examples: The Relationship Between Academic Stress and Time Management of College Students IV = Time Management DV = Academic Stress