Types of research methods (gujarati)

Method of research to be used depend upon many factors prevailing in the field of research. It is difficult to classify the research methods in such a way that it can be accepted in all the fields of research. Here we are discussing the types of research methods that can be used in the researches carried out in the field of education, psychology, sociology, other social sciences, management and humanities.

1. s&=o0n p³iäAo
METHODS OF RESEARCH
By
PROF. SATISHPRAKASH S. SHUKLA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, NAVRANGPURA, AHMEDABAD -380009

2. s&=o0nsmSyaAnetenahetuAonu&&in0aRr89yap2InIp/däAekàIkr8,
iv¿leq8AneA9R34nsu0InItmami›yaAonIid=ad=aRvtI£pre`aAe4le
s&=o0np³iä.
Aams&=o0nna&hetuAoini¿ct9yap2IAnepir8amonItarv8Ikrta&
phela&jeko;p8i›yaAokrvama&Aave2etemnosmave=s&=o0np³iäma&
9ay2e.
s&=o0n p³iäno A9R
MEANINIG OF RESEARCH METHOD

3. s&=o0n p³iäna p/kar(TYPES OF RESEARCH METHOD)
s&=o0n
p³iä
v8RnaTmk
p/ayoigk
AEithaisk
sveRx8
ivqyvStuiv¿leq8
Aa&trs&b&0aTmk
n<v&=Iy
ivkasaTmk
l&bgt
sX&gsUàI
VyiKtA_yas
shs&b0a&Tmk
Kar8 tulnaTmk

4. v8RnaTmks&=o0np³iäAeVyiKt,s&S9a,s&rcna(Structure)Ane
p/i›yaAona&s&d-Rma&p/vtRmanpiriS9itAo,vtRmanp/vaho,lokonavl8o,
Ai-p/ayo,p/vtRmantfavtoAneAa&trs&b&0o,p/vtRmanlx8oAne
`aisytovgerenu&v8Rn,SpQ4Ikr8,p<9škr8AneA9R34nkre2e.4U&kma&
khI=kaykev8RnaTmks&=o0np³iävtRmanpiriS9itnu&v8Rn,SpQ4Ikr8
AneA9R34nkre2e.
Aam,v8RnaTmks&=o0np³iäAe‘vtRmanma&=u&2e?(Whatexixtsat
present?)’nItpaskre2e.
v8RnaTmk s&=o0n p³iä(DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH METHOD)

5. sveRx8p³iäAev8RnaTmks&=o0np³iänoAekp/kar2e,jema&p/vtRman
laxi8k(Metaphoric,Emblematic),vatRink(Behavioural),
maniskA9va-OitkpiriS9itA9va34na(Phenomena)nu&v8Rn,
p<9šr8AneA9R34nkrvama&Aave2e.AapiriS9itVyiKtgt,
smaj=aSàIy,mnovEãaink,rajnEitk,=Exi8k,s&S9akIy,p/ak<itk,
manvsijRtA9vako;p8-OitkA9valaxi8kbabtosa9es&kXayelI
ho;=ke2e.
sveRx8 s&=o0n p³iä (SURVEY RESEARCH METHOD)

6. •vtRmanma&=u&p/vtRe2e,tenoA_yaskrvo.
•=Kyhoyto,p/S9aipt0or8osa9ep/vtRmanpiriS9itnItulnakrvI.
•vtRmanpiriS9itnev0usarIbnavvama4enawpayosUcvva.
sveRx8 s&=o0n p³iäna hetuAo
(OJECTIVES OF SURVEY RESEARCH METHOD)

7. s&p/eq8naivqyvStunovEãainkrIteA_yaskrvama4e,tenu&iv¿leq8krvu&
Ae4leivqyvStuiv¿leq8.Jema&ivqyvStunu&v8Rnkrvama4eA9vatema&p/g4
9ta&s&de=naA9RAne;rada(Intention)neSpQ4krvama4et9ate
ivqyvStuKyas&d-Rma&rjUkrvama&Aavel2e,tenISpQ4takrvama4eteno
(ivqyvStuno)W&Da8pUvRk,VyviS9t,AnaTmlxIAnetaikRkrIteA_yas
krvama&Aave2e.
ivqyvStuiv¿leq8 p³iä(CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD)

8. ivqyvStuiv¿leq8 ma4enI s&p/eq8 samg/I nIcej8avel 34koma&9I mXIrhe2e A9va
tarvvama& Aave2e.
ivqyvStuiv¿leq8 p³iä (CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD)
•=aiBdkmui²tsamg/I(VerbalPrintedMaterial)-smacarpà,puStk,samiyk,vataR,=aXanamaihtI
pàk,srkarIdStavejo,pirpào,@vncirà(Biography),AaTmk9a(Autobiography)nvlk9aAo,
le`(Article)vgere
•=aiBdklei`tsamg/I(VerbalWrittenMaterial)–pà,rojnI=I(Diary),Vyiktgtsmyavil
(PersonalCalendar),muKtjvabovaXIp/½avil(OpenEndedQuestionnaire)najvabo,
vaiqRkihsabo(AnnualAccount)
•=aiBdkßaVysamg/I(VerbalOralMaterial)–Vya~yan(Lecture),-aq8(Speech)reiDyo
kayR›m,reiDyoprrjU9tasmacaro,AoiDyosI.DI.,Dayro,vad-ivvad(Debate),gIto,vataRAo,ko4Rma&rjU
9tIdlIlo,mOi`ksUcno,saxaTkar(Interview),wpde=(Preaching)
Continue………

9. ivqyvStuiv¿leq8 p³iä (CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD)
………….Continue
•d<+ysamg/I(VisualMaterial)–icà(Drawings,Painting),Aak<it(Diagram),re`aicà
(Sketch),tSvIr(Photograph),Sla;D,mUkclicà(SilentMovie),sa&keitks&p/eq8(Signal
Communication),klak<it(ArtisticMaterial),mUitR(Statue),i=Lp(Sculpture),i=lale`
(StoneInscription),=arIirk-aqa(BodyLanguage)
•d<+yßaVysamg/I(AudioVisualMaterial)–clicà,4eilivznkayR›m,4eilivznprrjU9ta
smacaro,na4k,-va;,-UimkainvaRh(RolePlay)

10. Aa,s&=o0nnIAevIp³iä2e,jema&s&=o0kko;samaijkAekm/samaijksmUhnos_ybnInetesmUhna
lokonaVyvharo,s&Sk<itAne@vnnItpaskre2e.
Aamn<v&=Iys&=o0nma&xeà-kayRkrvama&Aave2e.Aas&=o0n,lokonasmUhnekeN²ma&ra`e2e.ko;
samaijksmUhnalokona@vnnItraho,temnaVyvharoAnetemnIs&Sk<itno,temna@vnma&bnta
bnavonas&d-Rma&,W&Da8pUvRknoA_yaskrvama4e,s&=o0ktemnasmUhma&joDay2e.Ae4lekes&=o0k,
smUhnoAek-agbnIne,s&=o0nna&hetuAone)yanma&ra`Ine,smUhnalokonu&sh-agIAvloknkre2e.
Avloknµaratej£rImaihtIAnep/däAekàkre2e.p2I,meXvelap/dänu&yoGyrIteiv¿leq8krIne
s&=o0nna&pir8amotarve2e.
Ko;p8samaijkjU9na&lokona,iviv0piriS9itma&9ta&AsamaNy(Phenomenical)VyiKtgtt9a
samUihkVyvharoAnevtRno=o0Ika7vanamu~yhetusa9en<v&=Iys&=o0nkrvama&Aave2e.AaVyvharo,
jetejU9nIp/k<itAnes&Sk<itnu&p/itib&bpaDe2e.
Aa s&=o0n Ae gu8aTmk s&=o0nno Aekp/karj 2e.
n<v&=Iys&=o0n p³iä(ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH)

11. smypsar9vanIsa9eko;cllx8na&s&d-Rma&A_yaspaàma&Aavta
pirvtRnonoW&Da8pUvRkA_yaskrvoAe4leivkasaTmks&=o0n.Aam,
A_yaspaàna&lx8kelx8oma&smynIsa9esa9ekevoAneke4loferfar
9ay2e,tenoA_yaskrvama4eAap³iänowpyogkrvama&Aave2e.je,
ko;cllx8na&s&d-Rma&A_yaspaàona&ivkasnItrahnesmjvama&
mdd£p9ay2e.
ivkasaTmks&=o0n p³iä (DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH)

12. ivkasaTmks&=o0n p³iä (DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH)
mnoivãan, i=x8 Anesamaijkivãanoma& VyiKtkeiv¼a9IRno ivkaskeN²
S9ane hoy 2e. te9I Aa xeàoma& VyiKtkeiv¼a9IRAona ivkasnItrahsmjva
ma4e Aa p³iäno wpyogkrvama& Aave2e. jemke, w&mrnajudajuda
smygaXana& s&d-Rma& VyiKtnaVyiKtTvnaivkasketenabo0aTmk/ãanaTmk
(Cognitive) pasa&naivkasnoA_yaskrvo.
ivkasaTmks&=o0n p³iäna mu~ybe p/karo2e.
•AaD2edIs&=o0np³iä(CrossSectionalResearchMethod)
•sX&gsUàI/l&bgts&=o0np³iä(LongitudinalResearch
Method)

13. AaD2edI s&=o0n p³iä (Cross Sectional Research Method)
smynIsa9es@vonalx8oma&Aavta&pirvtRnonoA_yaskrvama4e
smynaAekjini¿ctgaXama&judIjudIvykxa0ravtas@vonIAeksa9e
ps&dgIkrIne9ta&&s&=o0noma4enIp³iäneAaD2edIs&=o0np³iätrIke
AoX`vama&Aave2e.
ivkasaTmks&=o0n p³iä (DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH)

14. sX&gsUàI/l&bgts&=o0np³iä(LongitudinalResearch
Method)
smynIsa9eA_yaspaàna&lx8oma&jovamXtapirvtRnonoA_yaskrva
ma4esmynajudajudagaXama&A_yaspaàopase9ImaihtImeXvvama&Aave
totenel&bgts&=o0ntrIkeeAoX`vama&Aave2e.
ivkasaTmks&=o0n p³iä (DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH)

15. ko;p834nabnvaA9vanbnvapa2Xna&jvabdarpirbXonoA_yaskrvama4e9ta&
s&=o0noAe4leAa&trs&b&0aTmks&=o0n.p/a8InadrekvtRnprAekkrta&v0upirbXonISvt&à
AneAa&tri›yaTmkAsropDe2e.tenacošsvtRnsa9eKyu&pirbX,ke4lap/ma8ma&Anek;
rItejoDayel2etenoA_yaskrvoAe4leAa&trs&b&0aTmks&=o0n.tema&p/a8nacošslx8ke
lx8osa9es&kXayelpirbXovCcenaAa&trs&b&0noA_yaskrvama&Aave2e.
Aa&trs&b&0aTmk s&=o0n(INTERRELATIONAL RESEARCH)
Aa&tri›yaTmks&=o0n p³iäna mu~ybe p/karo2e.
•VyiKtA_yas(CaseStudy)
•shs&b&0aTmks&=o0np³iä(CorrelationalResearchMethod)
•kar8tulnaTmks&=o0np³iä(CorrelationalResearchMethod)

16. VyiKtnoA9R (MEANING OF CASE)
s&=o0nna&&s&d-Rma&A&g/e@=BdCasenowpyogivi=Q4VyiKtma4ekrvama&Aave2e.Jya&ivi=Q4
VyiKtAe4lesamaNyVyiKtAokrtajudIVyiKt.
jokes&=o0nma&‘kes’=BdfKtVyiKtpUrtosImItn9Ipr&tuko;p8ivi=Q4s&S9a,jU9,s&3,
smaj,ãait,vStu,34naAneku4u&bneVyiKttrIkeAoX`vama&Aave2e.=rtAe2ekeAadrek
p/karnakesma&ka&;kivi=Q4tahovIjo;AeA9vas&=o0nnohetuAamnIivi=Q4tanoA_yas
krvanohovojo;Ae.
VyiKtA_yas(CASE STUDY)

17. VyiKtA_yas(CASE STUDY)
VyiKtA_yasnoA9R(MEANING OF CASE STUDY)
ko;p8VyiKt,samaijkAekmA9vaivi=Q4AekmnIvtRmanpiriS9it,tena
;ithasAnetenaivkassa9es&kXayela&tmampasa&AonoW&Da8pUvRkAnesav0anI
sa9eA_yaskrvoAe4leVyiKtA_yas.Jema&Aavaivi=Q4Aekmpr,p/vtRman
piriS9it,‘tena-UtkaXnabnavoA9vaAnu-vo’AnetenapyaRvr8nIAsr
tpasvama&Aave2e.tema4eA_yashe5XnaAekmsa9es&kXayela&tmampirbXo
vCcena&Aa&trs&b0onItpasp8krvama&Aave2e.te9IVyiKtA_yasnosmave=
s&b&0aTmks&=o0np³iäAoma&krvama&Aave2e.

18. shs&b&0aTmkA_yasoµarakayRkar8nos&b&00ravta&ko;p8beclovCceke4lo
3inQ5s&b&02eAneb¨evCcenas&b&0nIid=ak;2eteja8I=kay2e.samaNyrIte
tema&Svt&àAneprt&àclvCcenas&b&0noA_yaskrvama&Aave2e.
shs&b&0aTmk s&=o0n(CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH)

19. ko;p834nabnIgyap2IA9vako;p8piriS9itnowd\-v9yap2IA9va
ko;p8i›ya9yap2I,tenakar8onItpaskrvama4ejes&=o0np³iänowpyog
krvama&Aave2e,tenekar8tulnaTmkp³iätrIkeAoX`vama&Aave2e.jema&,jete
34na,piriS9itkei›ya,Ae4lekeprt&àclpr,ko;Svt&àclnIAsrpDI2eke
kem,tenIckas8Ikrvama&Aave2e.AamAap³iä,kar8(Svt&àcl)nIprt&à
clprAsrpDIgyap2I,b¨eclvCcenakar8Asrs&b&0noA_yaskre2e.
Kar8-tulnaTmk s&=o0n(CAUSAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH)

20. Aap³iänepUvRVyapIs&=o0nyojna(Ex–PostFactoResearchDesign-
AeKspoS4feK4orIscRiDja;n)trIkep8AoX`vama&Aave2e.jenoA9R9ay2e,pUvR
(phela&9I)VyaPthkIktonetpasvanIp³iä.bIja=Bdoma&khIAeto,Aap³iä
µarahkIktobnIgyap2Itenakar8onItpaskrvama&Aave2e.
Kar8-tulnaTmk s&=o0n(CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH)
kar8-tulnaTmk s&=o0n p³iäna Ai-gmo(Approaches of CCRM)
•p¿cad\d=IR/pUvRVyapIAi-gm(RetrospectiveApproach)
•p/Tyai=t/Ag/icNtkAi-gm(ProspectiveApproach)

21. p¿cad\d=IR/pUvRVyapIAi-gm (Retrospective Approach)
AaAi-gmma&,sO9Iphelabekebekrtav0ujU9vCceko;cllx8na&s&d-Rma&
rhela&tfavtnIAoX`krvama&Aave2e.Tyarbadtetfavtnakar8o=o0vama&Aave
2e.Ae4lekephela&Asrpamelprt&àclneAoX`vama&Aave2e,TyarbadtenIwpr
AsrkrnarSvt&àclnItpaskrvama&Aave2e.AaAi-gmµara9tu&s&=o0n
prt&àcl9I=£9;ne,Svt&àclsu0Ipho&ce2e.
Kar8-tulnaTmk s&=o0n(CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH)

22. p/Tyai=t / Ag/icNtkAi-gm (Prospective Approach)
AaAi-gmma&,sO9Iphelabekebekrtav0ujU9vCceko;cllx8na&s&d-Rma&,
Ae4lekeprt&àclna&sd-Rma&tfavtpedakrI=keteva‘kar8’Ae4lekeSvt&àclnI
AoX`krvama&Aave2e.p2ISvt&àclnIeprt&àclprAsrpDI2ekenhI&tenI
tpas9ay2e.
Aap³iäma&phela&s&-ivtkar8nIAoX`krvama&Aave2e,Tyarbadtekar8nI
AsrjovamXe2ekenhI&,tenItpaskrvama&Aave2e.te9Ikhevay2eke,kar8
tulnaTmks&=o0nnIAarItma&Svt&àcl9I=£krIneprt&àcltrfjvay2e.
Kar8-tulnaTmk s&=o0n(CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH)

23. ANycloAneba¬pirbXoneiny&iàtkrIne,AnecošspiriS9itnu&inmaR8krIne,
Svt&àclkeclonIprt&àclpr9tIAsrtpasvama4ejes&=o0nkrvama&Aave
2etenep/ayoigks&=o0ntrIkeAoX`vama&Aave2e.Aam,p/ayoigks&=o0nma&Svt&à
Aneprt&àclvCcenakar8Asrs&b&0noA_yaskrvama&Aave2e.
Pa/ayoigks&=o0n(EPERIMENTAL RESEARCH)

24. -UtkaXma&bnelI34naA9va34nanasmUhnIivvecnaTmktpaskrInete
34naAona&s&d-Rma&t(yoS9aiptkrvaAnetar8otarvva&Ae4leAEithaisk
s&=o0n.
AamAEithaisks&=o0nma&-UtkaXma&bnelI34naAonoivvecnaTmkA_yas
krvama&Aave2e.tenaAa0areAavI34naAoma4enajvabdarpirbXo,34naAona
pir8amoAneAmuks&jogoma&jete34nanasd-Rma&vtRmannesmjvanoA9va
vtRmanna&s&d-Rma&jete34nanesmjvanop/yTnkrvama&Aave2e.tewpra&tAmuk
s&jogoma&Aavas&=o0noµara-aivAayojnop8tEyarkrvama&Aave2e.
AEithaisks&=o0n(HISTORICAL RESEARCH)

25. REFERENCE
Shukla,Satishprakash,(2018)ResearchMethodologyand
Statistics,Ahmedabad:SSSPublications
Shukla,Satishprakash,(2020)s&=o0n–pircyAnep³iä=aSà,
Ahmedabad:RishitPublications
PROF. SATISHPRAKASH S. SHUKLA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, NAVRANGPURA,
AHMEDABAD –380009
E-MAIL: [email protected]