Types of State and Forms of Government.pptx

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1. Political Science Notes Prepared by : Maaz Ur Rahman PSP

2. Political Science Derived from Greek world polls Polis means city – state State– politically organized society Community of people Territory Government Sovereignty -----supreme authority of the state International Recognition Constitution

3. Government is the agency ,machinery or the magistracy through which the will of the state is formulated ,expressed and realized. Commanding and punishing body

4. Structure of Government Legislature –law-making body, amend and repeal ,will of the people expressed through the laws ,their life is bound to be effected ,financial functions ,control budget ,ministry formation , judicial function ,unicameral ,bicameral , Executive –body execute or enforce laws, will of the state ,real and nominal ,single and plural , Federal Council of Switzerland, French Directory ,Hereditary ,direct or indirect election Judiciary – interprets and safeguards the law , justice ,rule of law ,advisory jurisdiction ,appellate and original

5. Forms of State Unitary Federation Confederation Unitary state- ---In which the supreme governmental authority is vested by the constitution in a single central government which rules the whole country

6. Unitary form of government is that in which all the powers are concentrated in the hands of the central government. Units are agents of the center for the purpose of local rule and autonomy.

7. Features of Unitary state Strong foreign policy Strong National defence Uniformity of laws , policies Single administrative system to execute laws and policies Unitary government is simple and economical-Less expensive –saves money Centrifugal tendencies are suppressed

8. Federation and its Features “ That state in which the supreme authority of the state is distributed by the constitution between the central government and the governments of the federating units” A federal state is a political contrivance intended to reconcile national unity and power with the maintenance of state rights . Professor Dicey An association of states to form a new state . Hamilton

9. Features Division of power Federal list Provincial /state list Concurrent list Residuary powers Written Constitution –supreme law of the state Supremacy of the constitution Special judiciary Rigidity of the constitution Dual polity Dual Citizenship