Types of Vaccine......................pptx

Hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

1. MICB715- Advances in Immunology Week-12 Lecture-1 Semester-Spring 2019 PREPARED BY Ms Sidra Moqaddes Department of Biology Lahore Garrison University Lahore Garrison University 1

2. Preamble (Past Lesson Brief) In previous lecture we came to know about the immunity and immunogenicity Types of immunity B and T cell response Lahore Garrison University 2

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completing this lecture students should be able to: Define the vaccine Discuss the types of vaccine Lahore Garrison University 3

4. ARE YOU READY ? Lahore Garrison University 4

5. Vaccine Lahore Garrison University 5 A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease  A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface protein

6. Terms Vaccine-Ag administered for the production of protective immune response in host Vaccination-Administration of Ag for the production of protective immune response Lahore Garrison University 6

7. Types Of Vaccines There are following types of vaccine Live/attenuated vaccine Killed/ Inactivated vaccine Subunit Vaccine Conjugate vaccine Recombinant vaccine Molecular vaccine Lahore Garrison University 7

8. Attenuated/live Vaccine Attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created using live Ag (Microbe is cultured such a way that its pathogenecity is lost but antigenecity remains constant).  Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. Examples: Vaccinia (smallpox) Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine) Poliovirus (Oral drops) Lahore Garrison University 8

9. Killed/ Inactivated Vaccine An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed (usually with formalin)  Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine Rabies vaccine, Hepatitis A virus vaccine Lahore Garrison University 9

10. Subunit Vaccine Subunit vaccines are vaccines that use only part of the disease-causing Ag. This strategy is used most often when one part of the Ag is responsible for causing disease. Instead of using entire microbe, problomatic part of Ag is isolated (mostly protein) and used for vaccine production which can stimulate the immune response e.g. exotoxins of Clostridium tetani Example: ATT (Anti tetanus toxoid) Lahore Garrison University 10

11. Conjugate Vaccine In a conjugate vaccine, the weak antigen is covalently attached to a strong antigen, thereby eliciting a stronger immunological response to the weak antigen. Most commonly, the weak antigen is a polysaccharide that is attached to strong protein antigen. Hemophilis influenza is a major cause of meningitis in children <5 years old as well as a cause of pneumonia. The vaccines consist of capsular polysaccharide of H influenza linked to the tetanus or diphtheria toxoid proteins as carriers (inactivated form) Lahore Garrison University 11

12. Lahore Garrison University 12

13. Recombinant Vaccine A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. Gene encoding for virulence is introduced in attanuated vector (bacteria/virus). As vector replicates in host, gene is expressed and immunity is produced against vector as well as expressing protein Hepatitis B virus Vaccine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lahore Garrison University 13

14. Lahore Garrison University 14

15. Molecular vaccine Also called DNA vaccine This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) in plasmid and then plasmid is directly injected in muscle of host. Host muscle cells uptake DNA and encoded protein is expressed producing cellular as well as humoral immunity HIV vaccine is in trial Lahore Garrison University 15

16. Lahore Garrison University 16

17. Video Demonstration Lahore Garrison University 17

18. Q & A Lahore Garrison University 18

19. Solved Examples Lahore Garrison University 19

20. Challenging Exercise Lahore Garrison University 20

21. What Did U Learn?? Lahore Garrison University 21

22. Home Assignment Please go through book chapter Decision and steps of Vaccine production Lahore Garrison University 22

23. Next Lecture Review In next lecture, we will study Steps of vaccine production How to decide which type of vaccine will be processed Lahore Garrison University 23

24. References These lecture notes were taken from following source: Altman A and Hasegawa PM, 2012. Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture: Prospects for 21st Century. 1st Edition; Academic Press. 2. Laboratory Biosafety Manual, WHO, 2006. 3rd Edition; AITBS Publishers and Distributors, India.(Available online). 3. Furr AK, 2000. CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety.5th Edition; CRC Press. W. John W. Morrow, Nadeem A. Sheikh, Clint S. Schmidt, D. Huw Davies. 2012. Vaccinology- Principles and Practise. Wiley Blackwell Abbas, A. K., Lichtman , A. H. and Pillai, S. 2007. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier Health Sciences, N.Y. Van Emon , V. M. 2006. Immunoassay and Other BioanalyticalTechniques , CRC Press, F.L Lahore Garrison University 24