U6L10.ppt They are responsible for the hereditary traits and passed from parents to offspring from one generation to another.

They are present in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. They are a thread-like structure. Each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell contains DNA and associated proteins, known as histone proteins. They are responsible for the hereditary traits and passed from parents to offspring from one generation to another.

1. Unit 4 – Reproduction and Unit 4 – Reproduction and
GeneticsGenetics
Lesson: Lesson 10 Lesson: Lesson 10
Chromosomes and GeneticsChromosomes and Genetics
Colorado Agriscience CurriculumColorado Agriscience Curriculum

2. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
22


3. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
33
Chromosomes and GeneticsChromosomes and Genetics
What do I know about chromosomes?What do I know about chromosomes?
What do I think I know about chromosomes?What do I think I know about chromosomes?
What don’t I know about chromosomes?What don’t I know about chromosomes?

4. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
44
Objectives Objectives
1. Identify the anatomy of 1. Identify the anatomy of
chromosomes. chromosomes.
2.
 Understand how chromosomes
2.
 Understand how chromosomes
determine gender.determine gender.
3. Identify chromosome structure and 3. Identify chromosome structure and
identify chromosome mutations. identify chromosome mutations.

5. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
55
I. Chromosome TerminologyI. Chromosome Terminology
A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of
cells containing DNA that bears genes cells containing DNA that bears genes
B) ChromatidsB) Chromatids
2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a
chromosome chromosome
C) Centromere C) Centromere
–Place where chromatids are attached to form a Place where chromatids are attached to form a
chromosomechromosome

6. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
66
I. Chromosome Terminology I. Chromosome Terminology
D) Homologous ChromosomeD) Homologous Chromosome
Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic
contentcontent
E) Genes E) Genes
–1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity 1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
–2. Found on chromosomes2. Found on chromosomes
F) GametesF) Gametes
–1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)
G) Somatic cellsG) Somatic cells
–1. All cells besides sex cells1. All cells besides sex cells

7. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
77
I. Chromosome TerminologyI. Chromosome Terminology
H) Diploid H) Diploid
–A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes
I) Haploid I) Haploid
– A cell that contains one set of like chromosomesA cell that contains one set of like chromosomes
J) ZygoteJ) Zygote
– A fertilized ovumA fertilized ovum

8. E - MomentE - Moment
Hieroglyphic MomentHieroglyphic Moment

9. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
99
II. Gender II. Gender
A) AutosomesA) Autosomes
–1. Chromosomes that are not involved in 1. Chromosomes that are not involved in
determining the gender of an individualdetermining the gender of an individual
B) Sex Chromosomes B) Sex Chromosomes
–1. One pair of chromosomes that determine 1. One pair of chromosomes that determine
gendergender
A. X chromosome = FM = XXA. X chromosome = FM = XX
B. Y chromosome = M = XY B. Y chromosome = M = XY

10. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
1010
III. Number of Chromosomes III. Number of Chromosomes
Humans = 46Humans = 46
Cattle = 60Cattle = 60
Sheep = 54Sheep = 54
Swine = 38Swine = 38
Horses = 64Horses = 64
Corn = 20 Corn = 20
2 chromosomes are 2 chromosomes are
sex chromosomes sex chromosomes
1/2 of the total # of 1/2 of the total # of
chromosomes is chromosomes is
contributed by the contributed by the
male and 1/2 by the male and 1/2 by the
femalefemale

11. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
1111
V. Chromosome Structure V. Chromosome Structure
Down load or scan picture Down load or scan picture

12. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
1212
VI: Chromosome MutationsVI: Chromosome Mutations
A) change in an organisms A) change in an organisms
chromosome structurechromosome structure
–1. Deletion 1. Deletion
A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often
fatal)fatal)
–2. Duplication 2. Duplication
A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its
homologue homologue
–3. Inversion 3. Inversion
Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is
placed their backwards placed their backwards

13. Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes
and Gentics PP and Gentics PP
1313
IV. Genetic Disorders IV. Genetic Disorders
A. Usually caused by mutations A. Usually caused by mutations
–1. Fainting Goats1. Fainting Goats
a. defect in muscle tissue that causes temporary a. defect in muscle tissue that causes temporary
tetanus when under stresstetanus when under stress
–2. 2. www.faintinggoat.comwww.faintinggoat.com
Research history of the breed to decide if all genetic Research history of the breed to decide if all genetic
mutations are bad. mutations are bad.