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1. Understanding Culture, Society, and politics Week 5.

2. Week 5 Significance of Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices

3. Review of the past lesson Analyze the images on the next slides and Identify which shows ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write your answers on your paper.

4. 4 PICS, 1 word

5. Panahong Historiko TANONG: ANONG KAIBAHAN? Panahong Prehistoriko

6. WHICH IS WHICH? Paleolithic Neolithic Metal

7. PANAHONG Paleolitiko Old Stone Age 2,500,000 – 10,000 BCE palaios + LITHOS Old Stone people were nomads and able to use simple tools and weapons made of unpolished stone discovered to use the fire , through the use of stone, for their protection against cold temperature and to cook their own food Human beings in this time were grouped together in small societies such as bands , and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing , hunting or scavenging wild animals. According to study of Dr. Jesus T. Peralta of NCCA, respect is given to age , and individual prowess and ability are recognized Earth was extremely cold Ocean levels were much lower than they are now Ice Age

8. PANAHONG Neolitiko New Stone Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE NEOS + LITHOS New Stone Transition from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement Agricultural Revolution Developed boat as means of transportation and for fishing Develop a sedentary type of society Use of polished stone tools domesticated animals pottery weaving

9. Age of Metals Copper Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age 4,000 BCE – KASALUKUYAN 1 COPPER AGE/CHALCOLITHIC 5,OOO BCE First known metal It is of a low hardness and it was used to make ornaments 2 BRONZE AGE 3,500 – 1,500 BCE Discovered metallurgy (combination of alloy and tin) First used by Sumerian Started the system of writing, ziggurat and pyramid 3 IRON AGE 1,200 BCE First used by Hittite Tribes, empires, and state were recognized at this point Start of civilization

10. Ancient State and Civilization

11. Social Political Cultural

12. social change - the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure, characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour , social organizations, or value systems.

13. Political change - happens when there is a significant disruption in a government that leads to new or modified leadership or policies .

14. Cultural change - changes in the pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group of people learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration

15. The State of the People: Democratic State

16. Democratization Transition to a more democratic political regime , including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.

17. Democracy form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote Different types of democracies: Representative Democracy – a system where citizens choose government representatives among their citizens Direct Democracy – when the citizens form a governing body and vote directly on issues, Constitutional Democracy – limits the powers of government through the nation’s constitution.

18. The concept of political dynasties in the Philippines refers to a common phenomenon where political power and influence are concentrated within a few families over multiple generations. In these dynasties, members of the same family hold elective positions in various levels of government, such as local, provincial, and even national offices. This practice has been a significant and long-standing issue in Philippine politics and governance.

19. Key characteristics of political dynasties in the Philippines include : Multi-generational control: Political dynasties often span several generations, with family members holding office one after another, sometimes for decades. Concentration of power: These families consolidate political power within their own circle, which can lead to a lack of diversity and competition in the political arena. Patronage and clientelism: Dynastic politicians often rely on patronage networks, where they provide favors and resources to constituents in exchange for political support and loyalty. Limited political accountability: The concentration of power within a single family can lead to limited checks and balances, making it challenging to hold politicians accountable for their actions and decisions. Electoral dominance: Political dynasties often have a stronghold on their constituencies, making it difficult for outsiders or independent candidates to win elections in those areas.

20. The persistence of political dynasties in the Philippines has been a subject of concern and debate. Critics argue that it can lead to corruption, nepotism, and the perpetuation of vested interests, hindering genuine democratic representation and equitable development. Various attempts to address this issue have been made, including legislative efforts to regulate political dynasties, but progress in this regard has been slow and often faces resistance from those in power. The 1987 Philippine Constitution, for instance, contains a provision (Article II, Section 26) that calls for the prohibition of political dynasties, but the absence of a clear and comprehensive legal framework has made it challenging to enforce this provision effectively.

21. Thank you for watching .