Ultrasonic radar mini project

mini project for ece

1. DEPARTMENT OF ECE PROJECT SEMINAR ON ULTRASONIC RADAR Presented by S. Vamshi M. Naresh Shashank CH. Vishnu vardhan 9/15/2018 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem 1

2. CONTENTS Introduction Components required Servo motor Arduino board Ultrasonic sensor Working principle Simulation Applications Conclusion 9/15/2018 2 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

3. ABSTRACT The ultrasonic sensor is used to map the distance of the things surrounding the point of reference, which is the place where the sensor is placed . This project is used for radar applications. The measured distance is plotted in planner graph i.e. distance v/s angle from servo motor, which give us the map containing the distance at which objects are placed near the sensor. The plot is actually two dimensional, because the distance measured is planner, which is the distance from sensor but not the altitude of the object from ground level. The graph is plotted 3 times, and in case if there is any change in the previous position, it will be indicated which means there is some disturbance or that there is new object before the sensor. Arduino IDE sends data, which is distance from sensor and angle of the stepper motor to processing IDE, which is then plotted and we get the planar map of distance from sensor to the objects which are placed around it.Test distance=(high level time × velocity of sound(340M/S)/2. 9/15/2018 3 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

4. INTRODUCTION The term radar was coined in 1940 by the United States Navy as an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging or  Radio Direction And Ranging. Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects . It can be used to detect aircraft , ships , spacecraft , guided missiles , motor vehicles, weather information, and terrain information . A radar system consists of a transmitter producing  electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna . Radio waves (pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect of the object and return to the receiver, giving information about the object's location and speed. 8/25/2018 4

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM 8/25/2018 5

6. NEEDS OF THE PROJECT AT89S52(8051 MICRO CONTROLLER) SERVO MOTOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC LEDS TRANSFORMER/ADAPTER KEIL SOFTWARE 9/15/2018 6 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

7. WORKING PRINCIPLE Supply power to arduino board externally by a power source. Dump the program into the arduino board . Connect the vcc,gnd pins of servo motor and ultrasonic sensor to the 5v,gnd pins of arduino board. Connect the trigger and echo pins of ultrasonic sensor to the 7,6 pins of arduino board. Connect the control pin of servo motor to the 9th pin of the arduino board. The ultrasonic sensor transmitts the pulses through transmitter as long as the trigger is on, which is given through arduino board. The receiver waits for the echo signal and is detected using the echo pin of the sensor. 9/15/2018 7 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

8. 9/15/2018 8 The distance is calculated using the delay of the received signal . The servo motor rotates from 0-180 degrees and from 180-0 degrees through the feedback given through the control signal using arduino . As the servo motor rotates, ultrasonic sensor attached to it also rotates in 180 degrees and scans continuously. Processing IDE is the software used for the simulation and the output is plotted in the form of a 2D planar plot consisting of obstacles surrounding the point of reference. MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

9. 9/15/2018 9 ULTRA SONIC SENSOR Ultra sonic sensors generate high frequency sound wave sand evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensor calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance of an object. Distance is calculated using the formula Distance=(speed of sound*time taken)/2 Since ultrasonic waves can reflect of a glass or liquid surface and return to the sensor head, even transparent targets can be detected. Ultrasonic sensor consists of four pins vcc , gnd ,trigger , echo pins. Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz pulses and detect whether there is a pulse signal back and finds the distance based on delay. MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

10. 9/15/2018 10 ARDUINO BOARD The Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega . It has 14 digital Input / Output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz ceramic resonator, USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. Arduino microcontrollers are pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory. The default boot loader of the Aduino UNO is the optiboot bootloader . Boards are loaded with program code via a serial connection to another computer. Some serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232 logic levels and transistor–transistor logic(TTL) level signals MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

11. 9/15/2018 11 Air traffic control Radar astronomy Air-defense systems Antimissile systems Marine radars used to locate landmarks and other ships Aircraft anti-collision systems APPLICATIONS MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

12. CONCLUSION In todays world as the advancement in technology is increasing the misuse of it is also growing. For example consider unauthorized entry of a vehicle into another nation or launching missiles attack secretly which might pose a great threat to the people in that nation. All these problems can be reduced with the help of radars and these will help in gaurding the nation from the enemies and every day the radars are becoming advanced. we are finding a great potential in radars that can be used for security and safety purposes. 9/15/2018 12 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem

13. REFERENCE  A. Balleri , K. Woodbridge;, K. Chetty , "Frequency-agile non-coherent ultrasound radar for collection of micro-Doppler signatures",  2011 IEEE RadarCon (RADAR) Kansas City , no. 201, pp. 045-048.     P. Sammartino , J. Fortuny-Guash , "Space and frequency diversity for moving personnel spectrogram estimation",  Conference proceedings on Radar 2010 , 2010. S. Theodoridis , K. Koutroumbas , Pattern Recognition, Academic Press, 2009.   9/15/2018 13 MVSREC BE 4/4 (ECE) I- Sem