Umblical cord

its a connecting stake between mother and baby . it contain s two arteries and one vein ,Wharton,s, jelly

1. UMBLICAL CORD PROF JAYASHREE AJITH

2. Anatomy • Origin : It develops from the connecting stalk. • Length : At term, it measures about 50 cm. • Diameter: 2 cm

3. Structure: It consists of mesodermal connective tissue called Wharton's jelly, covered by amnion. It contains : * one umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus , * two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta, remnants of the yolk sac and

4. Allantois . A blind tubular structure present near the fetal end which continuous inside the fetus with the urachus and bladder. Yolk sac and vitelline duct : Remnant of yolk sac found as a small yellow body near the attachment of the cord to the placenta or on the rare the proximal part of the duct persist as a meckel,s diverticulum.

5. Obliterated extra embryonic coelm : In the early period intra embryonic coelom is continuous with extra embryonic coelom with herniation of coils of intestine (mid gut)it persist as exomphalos

6. Covering epithelium :it is lined by a single layer of amniotic epithelium but shows stratification like that of the fetal epidermis Wharton's jelly : It consist of elongated cells in a gelatinous fluid formed by mucoid degeneration of the extra embryonic mesodermal cells .its rich in mucopolysaccrides and have protective function to the umbilical cord

7. Insertion : The cord is inserted in the foetal surface of the placenta near the center "eccentric insertion" (70%) or at the center "central insertion" (30%)

8. Abnormalities of the Umbilical Cord Abnormal cord insertion * Marginal insertion: in the placenta (battledore insertion). * Velamentous insertion : in the membranes and vessels connect the cord to the edge of the placenta. If these vessels pass at the region of the internal os , the condition is called " vasa praevia ". Vasa praevia can occur also when the vessels connecting a succenturiate lobe with the main placenta pass at the region of the internal os .

9. Abnormal cord length Short cord which may lead to: * intrapartum haemorrhage due to premature separation of the placenta, * delayed descent of the foetus during labour , * inversion of the uterus.

10. • Long cord which may lead to: * cord presentation and cord prolapse , * coiling of the cord around the neck, * true knots of the cord.

11. Knots of the cord * True knot: when the foetus passes through a loop of the cord. If pulled tight, foetal asphyxia may result. * False knot : localised collection of Wharton’s jelly containing a loop of umbilical vessels

12. Torsion of the cord • It may occur particularly in the portion near the foetus where the Wharton's jelly is less abundant. Haematoma • Due to rupture of one of the umbilical vessels. Single umbilical artery • It may be associated with other foetal congenital anomalies.

13. UMBLICAL CORD THANK YOU