Umika Guptaa ENGlish grammar Class 9-D.pptx

Modals

1. MODALS Prepared by- Umika Guptaa (IX-D) Submitted to- Mrs.Rachita Aggrawal

2. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES - I might need help to complete my homework . I would love to help you. Here, the words ‘would ’ and ‘might’ are Modals. 2

3. WHAT ARE MODALS ? Modals are also called Modal Auxiliaries . An Auxiliary is a Helping Verb. It helps to form tenses, voices and moods of the main verbs by being placed before them . They are used to form certain moods for which English has no inflected verb forms. We can express ability (can, could) , possibility (may, might) , permission (may, might, can, could) , necessity and obligation (must, ought to). 3

4. TYPES OF AUXILIARIES There are two types of auxiliaries – We will only learn Modal Auxiliaries. AUXILIARIES PRIMARY MODAL BE, DO, HAVE MAY, CAN, MUST, SHALL, WILL, OUGHT 4

5. MAY May as a P rincipal Verb is used to denote – Permission For example – M ay I go out ? Yes you may. 5

6. b) Possibility For example – c) Question For example - It may rain tonight. May I see your pen? 6

7. May as an Auxiliary Verb is used to express – c) Wish For example – d ) Purpose For example – May God bless you! We eat that we may live. 7

8. MIGHT Might is used to denote – Permission For example – b) Possibility For example – Might I see your credit card . Sara might refuse my offer. 8 If he wished he might go tomorrow.

9. c) Question For example – d) Request For example – Might I borrow your pen? You might make a little less noise. 9

10. e) Purpose For example – f) Wish For example - She stepped aside so that I might go in. I wish I might go abroad. 10

11. g) Reproach For example – I might tell you a secret. 11

12. CAN Can is used to express – Power or ability For example – b) Permission For example – I can speak four languages fluently. Can I go to my friend’s house ? Yes, you can. 12

13. c) Can is also used to denote ability resulting from circumstances For example – Can you come to the office on Sunday ? I can’t say. 13

14. COULD Could is used to express – Power or ability For example – b) Permission For example – I could write English before I came to this school . Could you lend me your pen? 14

15. MUST Must is used to express – Compulsion or strong moral obligation For example – Soldiers must do as they are told. 15

16. b) Determination For example – c) Duty For example – I must do my work. W e must do our duty honestly. 16

17. d) Certainty or strong likelihood For example – e) Inevitability For example – Raman must have missed the train. We must all die. 17

18. SHALL Shall in First Person simply gives information about future actions. For example – We shall go together. 18

19. Shall in Second and Third Persons is used to denote – Promise For example – b) Threat For example – You shall have a holiday tomorrow. S he shall be punished if she does that again. 19

20. c) Command For example – d) Determination For example – Thou shalt not steal. I shall go there. 20

21. e) Compulsion For example – You shall come to school at seven. 21

22. f) Interrogative sentences First Person : For example – Second Person : For example – Shall I open the window ? Shall you go there ? Shall I open the window? 22

23. Third Person : For example – Shall the prisoner go ? 23

24. SHOULD Should is used to express – a) Duty and obligation in all persons For example – We should obey the laws of the country. 24

25. For example – NOTE : Duty in the past is expressed by should have . I should have taken my medicine on time. 25

26. b) Disapproval For example – c) Possibility, supposition, condition For example – You shouldn’t have made fun of him. You will never learn it, though you should try your best. 26

27. d) Giving or asking advice For example – e) After lest to express a negative purpose For example – Do you think we should give it a try? Take heed lest you should fall. 27

28. f) Purpose and result in the clauses introduced by in order that and so that For example – We did it carefully so that none should see it. 28

29. g) In dependent clauses after verbs and phrases indicating determination or willingness, threats, orders or promises. F or example – I promised Rohit that he should have a new pen. 29

30. WILL a) In Assertive Sentences, will in the Second and Third Persons indicates simple futurity, without any reference to the wish of the agent. For example – 30 James will win the race.

31. Will in First Person is used to denote – b ) Determination For example – c) Promise For example – 31 We will win the trophy this year. I will help him.

32. d) Threat For example – e) Wish For example – 32 You will be punished if you misbehave. I will go home.

33. f) Willingness For example – g) Interrogative sentences 33 I will lend you my car for today. NOTE : Will is not at all used in First Person. We never say, Will I? or Will we?

34. Second Person : For example – Third Person : For example – 34 Will you help me with my homework? Will t hey come to the office today?

35. A form of request : For example – 35 Will you come to my house at 10 o’clock?

36. OUGHT TO Ought to is defective verb. It can indicate present or future time. Ought to is used to express – a) Desirability, moral obligation and duties. 36 You ought not make noise in class. You ought to be ashamed by your behaviour .

37. b) Ought to have with Past Principle is used to indicate past obligation that was not fulfilled or carried out. For example – 37 I ought to have visited my grandparents yesterday.

38. c) Ought not to have is used to indicate disapproval of something that was done in the past For example – 38 You ought not have made fun of me.

39. WOULD Would is the past form of will. It is used to express – Wish For example – 39 I would like to play with you.

40. b) Refusal For example – c) Determination For example – 40 The wound wouldn’t heal. I would not cheat in the exam.

41. d) Habit For example – e) Willingness For example – 41 After lunch I would sit in the garden and knit for hours. He said that they would help us.

42. f) Polite speech For example – g) Condition or uncertainty For example – 42 Would you mind waiting for me ? She would be surprised if you tell her about your promotion.

43. Table expressing ability, permission, obligation, possibility and necessity. 43 TYPE MODAL VERBS EXAMPLES Ability Permission Obligation Possibility Necessity Can, Could Can, Could, May, Might Must, Ought to Might, May Should Belle can speak six languages. We could speak fluent German when we were eight. Can we sit with you ? May I go out with my friends? I must obey my parents. You ought to help the needy. It might rain today . I may visit you tomorrow. You should visit your dentist at least twice a year.

44. MIND MAP 44

45. 45 THANK YOU