UN Sustainable development goals. Extnsnpptx

Sustainable development goals of UN

1. Compiled by, Ashique J Paul L-2022-V-49-M United Nations Sustainable Development Goals & Relevance in Agricultural R esearch UN SDGs

2. On 25 September 2015, the 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ) a set of 17 aspirational objectives with 169 targets expected to guide actions of governments, international agencies, civil society and other institutions over the next 15 years (2016- 2030 ) Aims at ending poverty and hunger while restoring and sustainably managing natural resources Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its 17 SDGs was adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015 They integrate the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic , social and environmental – with closely interwoven targets The SDGs are indivisible – no one goal is separate from the others, and all call for comprehensive and participatory approaches T hey are universal – the 2030 Agenda is as relevant to developed as it is to developing nations

3. FOR COUNTRIES, BY COUNTRIES The SDGs are the first Member State-led global development push in history specific objectives for countries to meet by a given timeframe achievements monitored periodically to measure progress Came into force on 1 January 2016 Defined, devised and fully owned by countries after the broadest and most intensive global multistakeholder consultation in history h ow they can commit national efforts to produce real change based on their own priorities, needs, stage of development and capacities, resources, strategies and alliances e volved from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which were a set of eight development goals set in the year 2000 with targets to be achieved by 2015 In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals.

4. Enhancing livestock’s contribution to the SDGs will require a profound transformation of the sector This will involve, inter alia, looking beyond policies and investments specific to livestock. It will require the formulation of strategies to remove the barriers keeping poor livestock farmers from access to productive assets and rural services. Strengthen livestock organizations, with emphasis on small-scale producers together with their associations and cooperatives. Extension services must be more gender-responsive. I nstitutionalisation of planning in routine disease prevention, including generalized adoption of One Health approaches . Essential too are trade reform, investment in infrastructure, better access to financial resources, technology innovation and institutional development… While livestock markets must be made more transparent and efficient.

5. Constituents of SDGs Inter-connectedness : Transboundary nature; SDGs have been formulated keeping in mind the growing realisation that problems relating to development are no more limited to national boundaries. Multi-dimensional Approach – Spread over 169 targets, the 17 SDGs are evenly spread and balanced across the three dimensions of sustainable development with 6 predominantly social goals (Goals - 1 to 6), 5 economic goals (Goals - 7 to 11) and 4 environmental goals (Goals - 12 to 15) A separate goal (Goal - 16) on peaceful societies and effective institutions tackles the enablers of development. A stand-alone goal (Goal - 17) on global partnership has been included to provide financial, technological and systemic support to the developing countries. T he Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs ( UNDESA ) provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and the evaluation of UN system wide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and on advocacy and outreach activities relating to the SDGs. Means of Implementation : A core feature of the SDGs is, in fact, their strong focus on means of implementation – the mobilization of financial resources, capacity-building and transfer of environmentally sound technologies, as well as data and institutions. Thus , separate ‘means of implementation’ targets have been included under each of the Goals.

6. Monitoring and Review: accorded special priority in SDGs so as to track the progress of the developmental goals and targets. The UN Resolution underlines the importance of follow-up at the national, regional as well as global levels. A Global Indicator Framework of 243 indicators have been developed for evaluating the progress of SDGs. At the global level, the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) on Sustainable Development has also been established. It has a central role in the follow-up and review of the SDGs at the global level and also provides further guidance. Voluntary National Review : As part of its follow-up and review mechanisms, countries are encouraged to conduct regular reviews of progress at the national and sub-national levels. These reviews are to be voluntary, state-led, undertaken by both developed and developing countries India submitted its VNR in 2017

7. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ARE KEY TO ACHIEVING THE SET OF SDGs The 2030 Agenda recognizes that we can no longer look at food, livelihoods and the management of natural resources separately A focus on rural development and investment in agriculture - crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture – are powerful tools to end poverty and hunger, and bring about sustainable development . Though the share of agriculture in India’s Gross Value Added (GVA) of the country was only 18.8% in 2020–2021, it employs the largest share of the national workforce (45.6% in 2019–2020), as well as the largest share of women workers (59.9 %)

8. Progress profile of India based on the SDG India Index: Baseline Report 2018 brought out by the NITI Aayog Institutional Set-up NITI Aayog: overseeing the implementation of SDGs at the national level . SDG India Index: Baseline Report 2018 (December 2018); and Localising SDGs: Early Lessons from India, 2019 (July 2019 ) On the basis of performance of the States/UTs, NITI Aayog has not only categorised them into Achievers, Front Runners , Performers and Aspirants, but also has identified more than 100 aspirational districts for focused interventions. MoSPI : The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MoSPI has developed 306 national indicators in line with the 169 SDG targets and the Global Indicators Framework. Out of the 306 indicators, 62 priority indicators have also been identified for tracking the most important developmental objectives for India. As per the SDG Index score, with the target of 100 to be achieved, the national score (all India) is 57. The performance of the States ranges between 42 and 69, and that of the Union Territories (UTs) ranges between 57 and 68. Among the States, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh are the front runners with a score of 69. Among the UTs, Chandigarh is the front runner with a score of 68.

9. To measure India's performance towards No Poverty, five national level indicators have been identified, which capture three out of the seven SDG targets for 2030. The five national indicators are - (i) Poverty Rate (As per Tendulkar Committee Estimates); (ii) Health Insurance Coverage; (iii) Persons provided Employment (MGNREG Act); (iv) Maternity Benefits; and (v) Homelessness. The Index Score for SDG 1 on poverty for India stands at 54 Anti-poverty programmes like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ( MGNREGA) the National Rural Livelihood Mission the Deendayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana focus on generating employment, skill development, micro credit and capacity building to increase employability among the poor the National Social Assistance Programmes (NSAP), the Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Beema Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Suraksha Beema Yojana (PMJSBY), Ayushman Bharat, Mission Antyodaya , the National Food Security Mission, Poshan Abhiyan , Swachh Bharat Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana , Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) etc.

10. To measure India's performance towards the Goal of Zero Hunger, four national level indicators have been identified, which capture three out of the eight SDG targets for 2030 . The four national indicators are - (i) Households covered under food subsidy (PDS); (ii) Stunting (children under 5 years of age); (iii) Anaemia among Women; and (iv) Agricultural Productivity. Based on these four indicators, the SDG Index Score on Goal 2 for India stands at 48 the National Nutrition Mission POSHAN Abhiyaan , Antoydaya Anna Yojana (AAY), Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), Mid-day Meal (MDM) scheme, the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), the National Mission on Agriculture Extension and Technology, the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, the National Food Security Mission, etc.

11. To measure India's performance towards Goal 3 of Good Health and Well-being, five national level indicators have been identified, which capture four out of the 13 SDG targets for 2030. The five indicators are - (i) Maternity Mortality Rate; (ii) Under-five Mortality Rate; (iii) Immunization Coverage in Children; (iv) Tuberculosis Incidence; and (v) Health Workforce. Based on these five indicators, the SDG Index Score on Goal 3 for India stands at 52 The National Health Mission (NHM) - sub-missions - National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM ), AYUSHMAN BHARAT - Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY), Mission Indradhanush , the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), the National Leprosy Eradication Programme, the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), the National Programme for control of blindness, the National Programme for Prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS), etc.

12. Frontline-Extension Programmes of ICAR Since independence, the ICAR has implemented six major frontline extension programs, viz., the National Demonstration Project (1964–1965), the Operational Research Project (1972), the Lab-to-Land Project (1979), and the Institution Village Linkage Programme ( IVLP, 1995 ) The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), created in 1974, are institutional mechanisms for implementing frontline extension programs at the district level. However, the emerging challenges of the widening technology and yield gap, the inadequate reach of improved technologies, “ misfit” of technologies with farmers’ needs and production systems, recognition of farmers’ technical knowledge and rights over grassroots innovations, climate change and its effects on agricultural systems, nutritional insecurity in rural and urban areas, led to the formation of an innovative frontline extension program, Farmer FIRST (Farm, Innovation, Resources, Science and Technology). The FFP was designed and launched in 2016 and envisages the integration and application of agricultural technologies suited to the diverse agro-climatic and unique socio-economic conditions of the farmers under the changing climatic conditions to achieve food and nutritional security.

13. LIVESTOCK PARTNERSHIPS IN ACTION GLOBAL AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK (GASL ) LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND PERFORMANCE (LEAP) PARTNERSHIP GLOBAL PASTORALISTS KNOWLEDGE HUB MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FEED SAFETY PARTNERSHIP TRIPARTITE PARTNERSHIP OF FAO, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), AND WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE ) GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR LIVESTOCK VETERINARY MEDICINE (GALVMED) LIVESTOCK GLOBAL ALLIANCE ONE HEALTH DAIRY ASIA PARTNERSHIP FOR LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA (ALIVE) COMMISSION ON LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ( CODEGALAC)