Under 5 Mortality rate, an elaborate statistics

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1. UNDER-5 MORTALITY RATE B. Nadhish

2. SYNOPSIS Introduction Problem statement Causes Prevention

3. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION : Annual number of deaths of children age under 5 years, expressed as a rate per 1000 live births. It measures the probability of dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age. Unicef considers this rate as the best single indicator of social development and well-being rather than GNP per capita, as it reflects income, nutrition, health care and basic education etc.

4. Number of deaths of children less than 5 years of age in a given year _______________________________________ Number of live births in the same year CHILD MORTALITY RATE = × 1000

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT: GLOBAL 1990 - Total of 12.6 million children died i.e., 126 deaths per 100 live births. 2020 – Total of 5 million children died i.e., 33 deaths per 1000 live births. This indicates a 73.8 percent reduction in Under 5 mortality rate from 1990 to 2020.

6. Under 5 Mortailty rate in some selected countries Country 1990 2020 India 126 33.0 Srilanka 21 7.0 Thailand 37 9.0 Nepal 142 28.0 China 54 7.0 Bangladesh 144 29.0 Pakistan 139 65.0 UK 9 4.0 USA 11 6.0 World 90 37 (Per 1000 live births)

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT: INDIA India contributes 25% of the 5.3 million under 5 deaths occurring worldwide every year. In 2020, 27 deaths occurred per 1000 live births. 8 per 1000 live births in Kerala 51 per 1000 live births in Madhya Pradesh UNDER 5 DEATHS IN INDIA:- 62% - Neonatal period 20% - On the day of birth 49% - Within first 7 days after birth

8. CAUSES OF UNDER 5 DEATHS Out of 5.3 million under 5 deaths, 40% were due to infectious diseases The leading causes are, Pneumonia (12%) Preterm birth complications (16%) Diarrhoea (8%) Intrapartum -related complications (11%)

9. Global Distribution of deaths among children under 5 by cause

10. PREVENTION Launch of Immunization Strengthening Project Launch of Hepatitis B vaccine in the immunization programme Operationalization of newborn care facilities in identified weak districts Policy for exclusive breast-feeding upto 6 months of age Organization of RCH camps, health “ melas ” and RCH outreach scheme to reach disadvantageous segments of the population Preparation and approval of concept note on development of community based mid-wives Implementation of Dai training to provide key messages for newborn health in 166 districts Adaptation of IMCI to incorporate newborn issues and development of IMNCI.

11. THANK YOU