Understanding the Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and PSEA

Understanding the Dynamics of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and PSEA

This PDF file contains information about Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA). It aims to increase awareness of the effects of GBV on different genders and ages, to enable development and implementation of mitigation strategies and to ensure survivors have access to support.

1. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND
PREVENTION OF SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE

2. Training Objectives
1.To understand that everyone has a role to play in promoting gender
equality.
2.To understand that people have the power to decide whether to use or
not to use violence.
3.To be aware of the effects of GBV on women and men boys and girls.
4.To know the significance of a dialoguing between communities.

3. Why do we talk about GBV?
1.To reduce riskof GBV by implementing GBV prevention and
mitigation strategies within the sectors from emergency
through to recovery stages.
2.To promote resilienceby strengthening national & community-
based systems that mitigate GBV and by enabling survivors and
those at risk of GBV to access care and support.
3.To aid recoveryof communities and societies by supporting
local and national capacity to create lasting solutions to the
problems GBV.

4. What do you understand by the term
GBV?
GBVis an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated
against the person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed e.g.
sex, age differences and it includes act that inflicts physical, sexual
or mental harm.
The DEVAWemphasizes that, the violence is a manifestation of
historically unequal power relations between men and women,
which have led to the domination over and discrimination against
women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of
women.

5. Definitions of Key Terms
1. Sex:
It is a biological
difference between
females and males but
remains constant.
2. Gendernorms:
These are social principles that govern
the behavior of girls, boys, women,
and men in society and restrict their
gender identity into what is
considered.
For example,
Girls should play with dolls and
boys should play with trucks.
•boys are directed to specific colourslike
blue and green while girls are directed
towards red, pink and other colours.
3. Gender roles:
Means how we are expected
to act, speak dress groom and
conduct ourselves based upon
our assigned sex.
4. Gender stereotype:
Is a generalized view or preconception
about attributes or characteristics
that are ought to be passed by
women and men, boys and girls.
•Physical appearance” women are expected to be
tin and respectful while men are expected to be
tall & muscular.
5. Gender:
refers to socially constructed
roles, beliefs, norms, expressions,
behaviors and identities of
women, men, girls and boys and
can change from society to
society.

6. FORMS OF VIOLENCE
Sexual violence:
anysexual act which takes place without freely given
consent or where someone forces or manipulates
someone else into unwanted sexual activities.
Examples: rape, assault, abuse, exploitation,
defilement, harassment and many.
Physical violence:
any intentional act causing injury to another person by a
way of bodily contact, or attempt to cause or resulting
into pain. For example, hitting, kicking, burning, beating
and so on……………...
Psychological [emotional] violence:
any intentional conduct that seriously impairs
another person’s integrity through threats. For
example, abusing, threatening, nick naming, judging
and others.
Socio economic violence:
a form of structural violence in which specific groups
are deprived of critical economic resources and it
includes taking away the earnings of the victims and
not allowing them to have separate income. For
example, denying the rights to trade [business],
employment, land ownership, resources and others.

7. Power
The ability to control and access resources, opportunities, privileges and decision-making processes. Therefore,
the power dynamics enables individuals to feel entitled to commit violent act against those deemed inferior.
The power dynamics
➢Power within: having the personal power to recognize and a sense of your own capacities. Or related to a
person’s sense of self-worth and self-knowledge to make difference.
➢Power to: allows team members to maintain their own agency and acknowledge their unique potential to
make difference or create something new or achieve a goal.
➢Power with: shared power that grows out of collaboration and relationship. It is built on respect, mutual
support, solidarity, empowerment, influence and collaborative decision making.
➢Power over: is an authoritarian approach, where one individual or group seeks to dominate and control others.

8. CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS TO
GBV
The causes of violence are associated with attitudes
beliefs, norms and structures that promote or condone
gender based-discrimination and unequal power,
whether during emergencies or during times of stability.
Society level
➢lack of adherence to rules of combat & international
laws
➢absence of security or early warning mechanism
➢impurity, including lack of legal framework or
criminalization of forms of GBV
➢Economic, social and gender inequalities
➢Lack of meaningful & active participation of women in
leadership, peacebuilding processes and security
sector reform.
➢Failure to address factors that contribute to violence
such as long-term internment or loss of skills,
livelihood and independence

9. Community Level
➢Lack of access to education for females, especially secondary education for
adolescent girls and boys
➢Lack of economic alternatives for the affected population, especially for women,
girls and other groups at risk.
➢Lack of accessible and trusted multi-sectoral services for survivors (health, legal,
mental and psychosocial support)
➢Absence/underrepresentation of female leaders/staff in key service provider
positions (healthcare, detention facilities, police, justice, etc.)
➢Hostile communities and the community-wide acceptance of violence.

10. Individual Family Level
➢Lack of basic survival needs or lack of safe access to these survivals a supply
e.g. food, water, shelter and hygiene supplies etc.
➢Gender-inequitable distribution of family resources.
➢Lack of knowledge/awareness of acceptable stands of conduct by
humanitarian staff.
➢The use of harmful drugs like alcohol and others.
➢Age, sex, education and disability

11. KEY CONTRIBUTIONS FOR AT-RISK GROUPS
AND THEIR CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
In any emergency, there are groups of individuals more vulnerable to harm
than other members of the population. This is often because they hold less
power in the society, are more dependent on others for survival, are less
visible to relief workers or otherwise marginalized and while programming
considers the following.
➢Be mindful of the protection rights and needs of these at-risk groups and
how these may vary within and across different humanitarian setting
➢Consider the potential intersection of their specific vulnerabilities to GBV
➢Plan interventions that strive to reduce their exposure to GBV and other
forms of GBV.

12. Factors that contribute to increase for at
risk groups
Adolescent boys and girls, women and child-headed households
➢Age, sex and restricted social status
➢Lack of access to understandable information about health services
(reproductive health).
➢Engagement in unsafe livelihood activities.
➢Loss of family members especially immediate caretaker
➢Early and forced marriage that results into motherhood and fatherhood.
➢Increased domestic responsibilities that keep them isolated in the home.
➢Dependence on exploitative or unhealthy relationships for basic needs

13. Factors that contribute to increase for at-risk groups
Girls and women who bear children born of rape and Indigenous women girls, men, boys, ethnic and religious
minorities.
➢Social stigma and isolation
➢Exclusion from their home’s families & communities
➢High level of impurity for crimes against them
➢Poverty malnutrition and reproductive health problems.
➢Limited to participating in earning a livelihood.
➢Lack of opportunities and marginalization based on their nationality, religious background, and cultural groups.
Women, girls, men and boys with disabilities.
•Limited mobility, hearing and vision resulting in greater reliance on assistance and care from others.
•Exclusion from obtaining information and receiving guidance due to physical technology and communication
barriers in reporting violence
•Exclusion from accessing wash facilities, latrine or distribution site due to poor accessibility in design
•Lack of social support or peer network and isolation.

14. GUIDING
PRINCIPLES AND
APPROACHES
FOR ADRESSING
GBV
The following principles are linked to the overarching
humanitarian responsibility to promote protection and
assistance to those affected by the crisis. They serve as the
foundation for all actors when planning and implementing
GBV related programme.
1.GBV encompasses a wide range of human rights
violation
2.Preventing and mitigating GBV involves promoting
gender equality and promoting beliefs and norms that
foster respectful non-violent gender norms
3.Safety respect, confidentiality and non-discrimination
in relation to survivors and those at risk are vital
consideration of all times.
4.GBV related interventions should be context specific in
order to enhance outcomes and “do no harm”
5.Participation and partnership are cornerstones of
effective GBV prevention.

15. Human Rights-
based
Approach
(HRBA)
This approach seeks to analyze the root causes of problems
and to redress discriminatory practices that impede
humanitarian intervention. The often contrasted with the
needs-based approach, in which intervention aims to
address practical, short-term emergency needs through
service delivery.
The human rights-based approach requires those who
undertake GBV-related programming to;
1.1 Access the capacity of rights-holders to claim their
rights and to participate in the development of solutions that
sustainably affect their lives.
1.2 Assess the capacity and limitations of duty-bearers to
fulfil their obligations.
1.3 Develop sustainable strategies for building capacities
and overcoming these limitations of duty-bearers.
1.4 Monitor and evaluate both outcomes and processes,
guided by human rights standards and principles.

16. Survivor Centred Approach
This approach means that, the survivors rights, needs and wishes are priority when designing & developing GBV-
related programing.
2.1. Safety & security of the survivor and others, such as his/her children and people who have assisted
him/her, must be the number one priority for all actors.
2.2. Confidentiality; it reflects the belief that people have the right to choose whom they will or will not tell their
story. Maintaining confidentiality means not disclosing any information at time to any partner without informed
consent from the person.
2.3. Respect: the survivor is the primary actor, and the role of the helpers is to facilitate recovery and provide
resources for problems-solving. All actors should be guided by respect for the choices, wishes, rights and dignity
of the survivors.
2.4. Non-discrimination; Survivors of violence should receive equal and fair treatment regardless of their age, sex
race, religion, nationality, ethnicity or any other characteristics.

17. Survivor Centered Approach
This approach means that, the survivors rights, needs and wishes are priority when
designing & developing GBV-related programing.
3.1. Safety & security of the survivor and others, such as his/her children and people who have
assisted him/her, must be the number one priority for all actors.
3.2. Confidentiality; it reflects the belief that people have the right to choose whom they will or will
not tell their story. Maintaining confidentiality means not disclosing any information at time to any
partner without informed consent from the person.
3.3. Respect: the survivor is the primary actor, and the role of the helpers is to facilitate recovery and
provide resources for problem-solving. All actors should be guided by respect for the choices,
wishes, rights and dignity of the survivors.
3.4. Non-discrimination; Survivors of violence should receive equal and fair treatment regardless of
their age, sex race, religion, nationality, ethnicity or any other characteristics.
Ensure adequate monitoring and evaluation of GBV-related programing.

18. KEY MESSAGE ON GBV
KEY MESSAGE ON GBV
1
Be supportive, keep
yourself, your family
and community
healthy and protected.
2
Say No to any form of
violence and Nothing
can be an excuse for
violence against
women.
3

19. PREVENTION
OF SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION
AND ABUSE
(PSEA)
Objective
To protect vulnerable people from SEA by their own staff, and
associated personnel.
•Sexual exploitation:
actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability,
power for sexual purposes. Or abuse of someone’s position of
vulnerability. For example, rape, prostitution, sexual
photography and others………………………………….
•Sexual abuse:
any sexual behavioursor sexual act upon a woman, man or
child without their consent. For example, sexual touching,
imagines and more.
•Sexual harassment vs SEA:
sea occurs against beneficiary or vulnerable members of the
community while sexual harassment occurs when power
differentials between staff members are abused.
•GBV vs SEA:GBV
is violence that is perpetrated against someone’s will because
of his/her. Thus, SEAcan be seen as a type of GBV, as victims
ofSEAare often abused because of their vulnerability status
as men, women, girls and boys.

20. Continuation…
PSEA: refers to policy, rules and actions intended to prevent a person from engaging
in any form of SEAand respond where it has occurred.
The pillars of PSEA
There are fours pillars and it includes management and coordination, community
engagement, prevention and responseand provide a comprehensive frame work for
incorporating sea prevention and response throughout your organization
Consequence of PSEA
Any staff, associate or partner who is in violation of the pseapolicy will face
disciplinary procedures which may results in termination of contract or referral to the
appropriate law enforcement agency or legal authorities.

21. Questions
Prepared by: Samuel Lokule James Contact: 0920184243
WhatsApp[phone] Email:[email protected]