Understanding Windows NT Internals - Part 2

Windows NT internals refer to the inner workings of the Windows NT operating system. It includes the system architecture, critical data, and how the system is organized.

1. WINDOWS NT INTERNALS – 02
Computer Call
September 22, 1997

2. HARDWARE
Bus Architecture Registers
• Size
• Relative Position
• Contents of Registers
Error and Status Reporting
Interrupt Behaviour

3. DEVICE REGISTERS
• Status Registers
• Data Buffer
• Command Register

4. PARALLEL PORT REGISTERSOffse
t
Regist
er
Access Description
0 Data R/W Data byte transferred
through parallel port
1 Status
Bit 0-1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
R/O Current parallel port status
Reserved
0 – Interrupt has been
requested by port
0 – An error has occurred
1 – Printer is selected
1 – Printer is out of paper
0 – Acknowledge
0 – Printer is busy
2 Contro
l
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5-7
R/W
Enable
Interrupts
Reserved
Commands sent to parallel
port
1 – Strobe data to/from
parallel port
1 – Automatic line feed
0 – Initialize printer
1 – Select Printer

5. HAL FUNCTIONS FOR DATA
REGISTERS
• READ-PORT-XXX
• WRITE-PORT-XXX
• READ-PORT-BUFFER-XXX
• WRITE-PORT-BUFFER-XXX

6. DEVICE INTERRUPTS
• Interrupt Priorities
• Interrupt Vectors
• Signaling Mechanism(edge triggered/level
triggered)

7. DATA TRANSFER
MECHANISMS
• Programmed I/O
• Direct Memory Access
• Shared Buffers

8. DEVICE DEDICATED MEMORY
• Private Range of Addresses
• Required in
 Control Register
 Startup code for device
 Temporary Buffer

9. AUTO CONFIGURATION OF
DEVICE
• Manufacture supplies Resource list
• Resource list for Device contains
 Manufacturer supplies ID
 Device type ID
 I/O space requirements
 DMA Channels
 Device Memory requirements

10. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUS
SPECIFICATION
• ISA
• MCA
• EISA
• PCI

11. BUS STANDARDSData
Transfer
Interrupt
Mechanism
DMA
Mechanism
Device
Memory
Auto
Configuration
ISA8MB/sec8259 PIC 8237
DMAC
16MB
Physical
No
MCA10-160
MB/sec
8259 PIC 4 GB
Physical
Yes
EISA33
MB/sec
Superset ISA
Mechanism
4 GB
Physical
Yes
PCI132
MB/sec
to 264
MB/sec