Underutilized Vegetable Crops

Underutilized Vegetable Crops

1. Potential of Underutilized Vegetable Crops Resource Person: Dr.Sunil Prajapati Assistant Professor Department of Agriculture Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur Mob. No. [phone] email: [email protected] DoP : 30/07/2021

2. Content Global Biodiversity Hot Spot Nutrients and major constituents of foods Most common nutrient deficiencies Global Hunger Index Challenges Concept of UUVC Potential of UUVC Significant Role of UUVC Constraints for the Development of UUVC Wild edible plant spp of Chanda Forest, Mandla List of underutilized vegetable crops

3. The Richest Global Biodiversity Hot Spot Himalayas Northeast India Western Ghats A & N Island Nature has liberally painted a variety of landscapes in our country. Many of these have been demarcated as Biodiversity Hotspots — areas that have extremely rich and diverse flora and fauna and are under threat of getting endangered. Officially, four out of the 36 Biodiversity Hotspots in the world are present in India: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland . To these may be added the Sundarbans and the Terrai-Duar Savannah grasslands for their unique foliage and animal species. One of the Richest reservoir of genetic variability. Need to be explore, collection, conservation.

4. Nutrients and major constituents of foods: Carbohydrtes Vitamins Minerals Proteins D ietary fiber Fats W ater

5. Most common nutrient deficiencies are Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Iodine deficiency disorders Nutritional Anaemia Vitamin-A deficiency Low birth weight Cardio Vascular diseases Cancer, etc.

6. We are in need of: Hunger free India Malnutrition free India Clean Bharat, Healthy Bharat, Healthy Childs Food and nutritional security Hunger free world.

7. Environmental sustainability Food Security Nutritional security Malnutrition Global Hunger Index Poverty elimination Global Warming Climate change Soil Health, etc.

8. “Ensuring Food Security through Underutilized vegetable crops”

9. What mean by Underutilized crops…?

10. Major Concerns Which Make A Crop So Called Underutilized Crop must have a scientific or ethno-botanical proof of food value. Local people are aware about their nutritional and medicinal properties . Crop even under adverse soil and climatic conditions. Easier to grow and hardy in nature. Have a long history of consumption. These are cheap and readily available.

11. Potential of UUVC : Potential to contribute to poverty eradication through employment and income generation. Provide crop diversification and global food security . A Rich sources of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and fats .

12. Potential UUVC:

13. Significant Role of UUVC

14. Constraints for the Development of UUVC Inadequate marketing supports Lack of technical information. Post-harvest management Lack of producer interest Poor recognition

15. S.No Plant Name and Family Local Name Used o plant parts Uses Pattern 01 Achyranthes aspera Lin n. ( Amaranthaceae ) Chirchita Leaf Vegetable 03 Amaranthus spinosa Linn . ( Amaranthaceae ) Katili Chourai Leaf Vegetable 04 Amaranthus virdis Linn. ( Amaranthaceae ) Chourai Leaf Vegetable 06 Bauhinia perpurea Linn. ( Caesalpiniaceae ) Koilar Leaf Vegetable 07 Butea monosperma Lamk . ( Fabaceae ) Palas Flower Vegetable 10 Cassia fistula Linn. ( Caesalpiniaceae ) Amaltas Leaf Vegetable 11 Cassia tora Linn . ( Caesalpiniaceae ) Chakauda Leaf& Fruit Vegetable 12 Chenopodium album Linn. ( Chenopodiaceae ) Bathua Leaf Vegetable 13 Coccinia grandis Voigt . (Cucurbitaceae) Bedarikand Fruit Vegetable 14 Corchoru strilocularis Lamk . ( Tiliaceae ) Chench Leaf Vegetable 24 Indigofera cassoides Farsk . ( Fabaceae ) Birhul Flower Vegetable 25 Ipomoea aquetia Farsk . ( Convalvulaceae ) Karmata Leaf Vegetable 26 Madhuca latifolia Roxb . ( Sapotaceae ) Mahua Flower & Fruit Food & Vegetable 27 Momordica dioica Roxb . (Cucurbitaceae) Kheksa Fruit Vegetable 28 Nelumbium speciosum Willd .( Nympheaceae ) Kamalkand Root/ Tuber Vegetable

16. Common Name Scientific Name Amarnathus Amarnathus spp. Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Lettuce Lactuca sativa Celery Apium graveolens Leek Allium porrum Globe Artichoke Cynara scolymus Elephant Foot Yam Amorphophallus campanulatus Brussels sprout Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Kale Brassica oleracea var. acephala Chinese cabbage Brassica compestris spp. Winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Jack bean Canavalia ensiformis Pointed gourd Trichosanthes dioica Parsnip Pastinaca sativa Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarrum List of underutilized vegetable crops Solanum torvum (Wild eggplant) Fruits of S.torvum are edible and utilized as a vegetable . It is mainly propagated by seeds . Used as poison anti-dote and for the treatment of fever, wounds, tooth decay, reproductive problems and arterial hypertension.

17. Dendrocalamus strictus (Bamboo) Young shoots cooked for vegetables . Bamboo shoots have high nutritive value containing low fats and cholesterol and high amount of carbohydrate, proteins, minerals and dietary fibers . Amino acid much higher than in other vegetables such as cabbage, carrot, onion and pumpkin . It is used as vegetable in mostly eastern and north east part of India . It is mainly propagated by seeds, rhizome and cuttings .

18. Asparagus officinalis An herbaceous perennial plant known as Shatawar . grown for its tender succulent shoots known as ‘ Spears ’ It continues to produce yield for 10-15 years . Asparagus juice contains a white crystalline substance known as ‘ Asparagine ’ which has diuretic properties . It has great importance in diet because of its valuable salts, vitamins and for its large amount of cellulose contents.

19. Sechium edule Chow-Chow is a fruit but most often used as a vegetable . Rich in amino acids and are used as vegetable . leaves are used to dissolve kidney stones . Fruits, stems, tender leaves & tuberous parts of adventitious roots are eaten .

20. Parkia roxburghii (Tree Bean) Tree bean is a much-branched legume of medium height (10-12 m ). The long tender pods of tree bean are most popular and delicious vegetable in Manipur, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura and Mizoram .

21. Portulaca oleracea (Common Purslane ) A succulent with green or purple stem . rich in β carotene, folic acid, Vitamin C and essential fatty acids . 300-400 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, 12.2 mg of alpha- tocopherol , 26.6 mg of ascorbic acid, 1.9 mg of beta-carotene, and 14.8 mg of glutathione.

22. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) Seeds contain 40% proteins , roots contain about 20% proteins . beans are rich in carbohydrates & vitamin A (300-900 IU ). Its tender l eaves make good sauce and curry. Flowers have a sweet taste . The tuber-like-roots are eaten after boiling or frying. The plant is a good fodder for cattle. Ca n manage protein malnutrition .

23. Nymphaea spp. (Water lily ) Water lily stems , young leaves , lower buds , flower stalks and rhizomes are used as vegetables . The rhizomes are useful in treating diarrhoea . The flowers are astringent and cardiotonic . The seeds are sweet, cooling and used as treatment for gastro-intestinal disorders and jaundice .

24. Ipomoea aquatica (Water spinach) An herbaceous aquatic, tender twigs with leaves are used as vegetable Propagated by seed and herbaceous cutting . Treatment of diabetes . Scorpion venom, antidote preparation etc. high Fe content.

25. Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) Nutritionally, Lotus seeds are rich in proteins (10.6-14.8%). Tender rhizomes , stems and leaves of lotus are edible. Different parts of the lotus plant are useful in treatment of diarrhea , tissue inflammation .

26. Lactuca sativa Lettuce is a salad vegetables . It is rich source of vitamins A, calcium and iron . It helps to prevent cancer, insomnia, heart diseases , control anxiety and it also has antimicrobial properties .

27. Amorphophallus campanulatus Elephant foot yam is known as zamikand , suran . It is perennial herbaceous plant. It is used as vegetable and also used in preparation of pickle, chips and others. It contains betulinic acid, stigma sterol, triacotane . It also contains blood purifier properties and used for treatment of piles, tumours , asthma and rheumatism .

28. Sauropus androgynus ( Chekurmanis ) Popularly known as " multivitamin green " and "multi mineral packed leafy vegetable". rich source of carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals . Propagated by Semi hard wood stem cuttings . The tender shoots and leaves are used for vegetable. Leaves are very rich in protein, minerals and vitamin A, B, C.

29. Sesbania grandiflora pers ( Agathi ) Leaves, flower and tender fruits are valued as vegetables or curries or salads. high nutritious value particularly vitamin A and minerals . Leaves and flowers have nutritional and medicinal properties. It has also ornamental , food and fodder values .

30. Dioscorea bulbifera ( Aerial yam, Air potato) The bulb is eaten on peeling off the hard back after cooking Aerial yam used to treat conjunctivitis, diarrhea , and dysentery . Useful in Goiter, piles, dysentery . It is used as vegetable in South India . It is propagated by bulbil .

31. Amarnathus spp. Amarnathus serves as a rich source of protein and dietary fibre , pro-vitamin . phytochemical like i sothiocyanates and phenolic compound which posses strong antioxidant properties. prevention and suppression of diseases such as cancer, ageing.

32. Canavalia ensiformis (Jack bean, sword bean) Rheum rhabarbarrum ( Rhubharb ) Talinum triangulare (Water leaf) Kale  ( B.oleracea  var. sabellica )

33. Underexploited Cucurbits vegetables Coccinia grandis (Ivy gourd) Momordica dioica (Spine gourd) Benincasa hispida (Wax gourd)

34. International Research Organization For UUVC International Plant Genetic Research Institute ( IPGRI ) International Centre For Underutilized Crops ( ICUC ) International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) Global Facilitation Unit ( GFU )

35. Need to broaden the range of economical importance plant species. Global awareness must be among the peoples regarding potential role of UUVC. Specific exploration programmes should be carried out for collection, conservation for crop improvements. Global public awareness programmes should be carried out in remote areas to educate the peoples about nutritional values of UUVC. Characterization and documentation of germplasm. Value addition facilities and market values of UUVC. Inference