Unit 01 - HCl HNO3 H2SO4 (1).pptx

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1. Hydrochloric Acid Burner Process: Chlorine and Hydrogen react to form Hydrogen Chloride H 2 + Cl 2  2 HCl (+184 KJ) The gases are passed through a burner nozzle They are ignited inside a combustion chamber (chamber is made of graphite) The chamber is cooled by water such that the HCl gas produced cools down and absorbed into water to make HCl acid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJvn-rH_lLQ&ab_channel=IITKharagpurJuly2018 https://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-chloride.html

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_Kge2-EoEg&ab_channel=SMahendraAcademy

3. U se of HCl Metal Cleaning Pickling of Metals Manufacturing of metal chlorides Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2HCl  PbCl 2 + 2HNO 3 Neutralization in inorganic and organic chemistry Hydrolysis of proteins and carbohydrates Manufacture glue Purify common salt Bleaching in textile industry Chemical reagent in laboratories Laboratory preparations NaCl + H 2 SO4  NaHSO 4 + HCl NaCl + NaHSO 4  HCl + Na 2 SO 4

4. Nitric Acid / Aqua fortis / Oxy-acid of Nitrogen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjuA6d8LL1w&ab_channel=COLLEGECHEMISTRY OSTWALD’s Process: Step 01: Oxidation of NH 3 to NO NH 3 + excess air  NO (Catalytic chamber (Pt) / Converter) To ensure up to 95% of NH 3 converts to NO: Temperature: 550 – 600C Pressure: 4 – 5 atm Excess of Oxygen Pt catalyst NO is passed through chiller with temperature 150C

5. OSTWALD’s Process: Step 02: Oxidation of NO to NO 2 Step 03: Formation of HNO 3 NO 2 enters the absorption tower where NO 2 is absorbed by water Laboratory preparation of nitric acid KNO 3 + H 2 SO 4  KHSO 4 + HNO 3 NaNO 3 + H 2 SO 4  NaHSO 4  HNO 3

6. Sulphuric acid https://byjus.com/chemistry/mass-production-of-sulphuric-acid/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSBDUTD2hSI&ab_channel=PravendraTomarllT-JEE%2FNEET Contact Process Step 01: formation of SO 2 S + O 2  SO 2 4FeS 2 + 11O 2  2Fe 2 O 3 + 8SO 2 Step 02: formation of SO 3 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3 (+46.98 Kcal) / Platinized asbestos or V 2 O 5 Step 03: Pyrosulfuric acid / Oleum formation SO 3 + conc. H 2 SO 4  H 2 S 2 O 7 Step 04: dilution of H 2 S 2 O 7 to get desired conc. of H 2 SO 4

7. Contact Process

8. Lead Chamber process https://gkscientist.com/manufacture-of-sulfuric-acid/