UNIT 01 Introductions theories MYK.pptx

Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. ANA (2021).Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses and advocacy in the care of individuals, fa

1. Reviewed by : Muhammad Younus Horizon Institute Of Health Sciences

2. OBJECTIVES An overview of nursing process Significance of nursing theory History of nursing practice theory Concepts / components of Nursing theory Terminologies associated with nursing theory

3. INTRODUCTION In early eras, nurses provided excellent nursing care; but, the practices were not tested & nursing was seen more of a mission rather than a profession The concept of professional nursing began with Florence Nightingale while caring for individuals in the Crimean War She thought to establish a nursing school in St.Thomas Hospital, London

4. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE She recognized the unique focus of nursing & declared nursing knowledge as distinct from medical knowledge . In 20 th century, the nursing leaders put forward the development of sound nursing knowledge that make the basis of nursing practice, improve quality care, & gain recognition of nursing as a profession by developing nursing theories .

5. (Alligood,2014)

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF NURSING THEORIES Essential for the existence of nursing as an academic discipline . Promote professional theory-based practice . Serve as a tool for reasoning, critical thinking & decision making required for quality nursing practice . Ensure a systemic approach towards patient care. Generate research ideas.

7. WHAT IS A NURSING THEORY?

8. NURSING THEORY A nursing theory is: Organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. Nursing theories provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines. It is derived from nursing models

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORY Theories are: Interrelating concepts to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomenon Logical in nature Generalizable Bases for hypotheses that can be tested Increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through research implemented to validate them . Used by the practitioners to guide & improve their practice . Consistent with other validated theories, laws, & principles, but leave u nanswered questions that need to be investigated

10. THEORY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS A theory may emerge through: Deductive Reasoning : General to specific Inductive Reasoning : Specific to general Retroductive (abductive) Reasoning : Begins with an incomplete set of observations & proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation of the set .

11. COMPONENTS OF THEORY

12. CONCEPTS IN NURSING THEORY Concepts are the building blocks of theories, that classify the phenomena of interest. interrelated concepts define a theory. Concepts are used to help describe or label a phenomenon. They are words or phrases that identify, define, and establish structure and boundaries for ideas generated about a particular phenomenon. Concepts may be abstract or concrete. Types Abstract concepts are mentally constructed independent of a specific time or place ( e.g.Transport) Concrete concepts are directly experienced & related to a particular time or place (Stretcher, wheelchair)

13. C O N T. Concepts can be classified as: Discrete concept identifies categories or classes of phenomena such as patient, nurse, health, or environment, e.g. a student can become a nurse he or she can’t become a partial nurse Continuous concept permits classification of dimensions or gradations of phenomenon, e.g. assessing degree of pain on a scale of 0 – 10

14. C O N T. Concept Analysis is an important beginning step in theory development process to develop a conceptual & theoretical definition E.g . Concept Theoretical definition Operational definition Body t e mp e r a t u r e Define a particular concept based on the theorist’s perspective. Homoeothermic range of one’s internal environment maintained by the thermoregulatory system of the human body States how concepts are measured. Degree of temperature measured by oral thermometer taken for 1 minute under the tongue .

15. TERMINOLOGIES R/T TO NURSING THEORY DEVELOPMENT Statements in a theory state definitions or relations among concepts; definitions provide description of the concepts . R elational statements propose relationships between & among two or more concepts . Propositions are statements that explain the relationship between the concepts . If a person exercises regularly, their risk of developing heart disease decreases. Models are representations of the interaction among & between the concepts showing patterns . Typology is the systemic arrangement of the concepts within a given category, e.g. typology of marital status will be single, married, divorced & widowed (Alligood, 2014; Chinn & Kramer, 2011)

16. REFERENCES Alligood, M. R. ( 2018). Nursing theory: Utilization & application ,( 9th ed.).Maryland Heights, (MO) :Mosby-Elsevier. Alligood, M. R. ( 2014). Nursing theory: Utilization & application ,( 8th ed.).Maryland Heights, (MO) :Mosby-Elsevier. Alligood, M. R. ( 2011a ).The power of theoretical knowledge. Nursing Science Quarterly ,24( 4 ), 304 – 305. Alligood, M. R. ( 2011b ).Theory-based practice in a major medical centre.The Journal of Nursing Management ,19 ,981 – 988. Chinn, P.L., & Kramer, M. K. ( 2011). Integrated knowledge development in nursing ( 8th ed.). St. Louis :Elsevier Mosby. Reed,P.,& Shearer, N. ( 2012 ).Perspectives on nursing theory ( 6th ed.).New York :Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Walker, L. O., &Avant, K. C. ( 2011 ).Strategies for theory construction in nursing ( 5th ed.). Boston :Prentice Hall. https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-theories/#google_vignette

17. THANK YOU