Unit 1 Building planning and architecture ppt.pptx

BPA subject

1. 21CE202 BUILDING PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

2. UNIT I BUILDING PLANNING Principles of planning Classification of buildings Provisions of National Building Codes and Rules, Building bye-laws, open area, Setbacks, FAR terminology. Site Selection – Orientation of buildings.

3. Principles of planning, orientation in detailed drawings. Principles of planning, orientation in detailed drawings. The term planning of a building refers to mean the arrangement of all the units of a building on all the floors and at all the levels. There are certain general principles which as a engineer should bear in mind while planning a building. The general principles are  Aspect  Prospect  Privacy  Grouping  Roominess  Flexibility  Furniture requirements  Circulation  Elegance  Economy  Sanitation

4. Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016

5. National Building Code of India (NBC) Year: 2016 Publisher: BIS Summary: It provides valuable information, references and guidelines related to planning, design and construction of buildings and related area. Parts: 11 Pages: 1157

6. Classification of Buildings Occupancy Classification Residential Educational Institutional Assembly Business F. Mercantile (will include both retail and wholesale stores) G. Industrial (will include low, moderate and high fire hazards) H. Storage I. Hazardous Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part Clause 7.1.1. and 7.1.2. Page No. 22 Types of Construction (according to fire resistance) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Public Buildings

7. Sub- Classification of Buildings Occupancy Classification Group A : Residential A- 1. Lodging or rooming houses A- 2. One or two- family private dwellings A- 3. Dormitories A- 4. Apartment houses (flats) A- 5. Hotels A- 6. Hotels (starred) Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.2. Page No. 9

8. Sub- Classification of Buildings Occupancy Classification Group B : Educational Buildings B- 1. Schools up to Secondary Level B- 2. All others / training centres Group C: Institutional Buildings C- 1. Hospitals and Sanatoria C- 2. Custodial Institutions C- 3. Penal and Mental Institutions Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.3. and 3.1.4. Page No. 10

9. Sub- Classification of Buildings Group D : Assembly Buildings D- 1. Buildings having a theatrical or motion picture or any other stage and fixed seats or over 1,000 persons. D- 2. Buildings having a theatrical or motion picture or any other stage and fixed seats up to 1,000 persons. D- 3. Buildings without a permanent stage having accommodation for 300 or more persons but no permanent seating arrangement. D- 4. Buildings without a permanent stage having accommodation for less than 300 persons with no permanent seating arrangement. Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.3. and 3.1.4. Page No. 10

10. Sub- Classification of Buildings Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.3. and 3.1.4. Page No. 10 Group D : Assembly Buildings D- 5. All other structures including temporary structures designed for assembly of people not covered by sub- divisions D- 1 to D- 4, at ground level. D- 6. Buildings having mixed occupancies providing facilities such as shopping, cinema theatres and restaurants. D- 7. All other structures, elevated or underground, for assembly of people not covered by sub- divisions D- 1 to D- 6.

11. Sub- Classification of Buildings Group E : Business Buildings Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.6. Page No. 11 E- 1. Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of architects, engineers, doctors, lawyers and police stations. E- 2. Laboratories, research establishments, libraries and test houses. E- 3. Computer installations E- 4. Telephone exchanges E- 5. Broadcasting stations and T.V. stations.

12. Sub- Classification of Buildings Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.7. Page No. 11 Group F : Mercantile Buildings F- 1. Shops, stores, departmental stores markets with area up to 500 m^2. F- 2. Shops, stores, departmental stores markets with area more than 500 m^2. F- 3. Underground shopping centres, storage and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building shall be included under this group

13. Sub- Classification of Buildings Group G : Industrial Buildings G- 1. Buildings used for low hazard industries. G- 2. Buildings used for moderate hazard industries. G- 3. for high hazard industries. Group H : Storage Buildings & Group I: Hazardous Buildings No Sub- Classifications Ref: National Building Code of India 2016 Part 4 Clause 3.1.8. Page No. 11

14. Rohan Dasgupta

15. NATIONAL BUILDING CODES Introduction

16. The National Building Code of India (NBC), (a comprehensive building Code), is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. What is National building code?

17. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); and building and plumbing services. The National Building Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendments were issued, two in 1987 and the third in 1997. What is National building code?

18. These studies resulted in a recommendation that a NATIONAL BUILDING CODE be prepared to unify the building regulations throughout the country. In 1968 A Report on Economies in Construction Cost ’ was published by planning commission. It revealed that building bylaws and regulations and some of the prevailing methods of construction were outmoded; some designs were over burdened with safety factors; building bylaws of municipal bodies were outdated etc. History and Overview - National building code

19. The Bureau of Indian Standards was established with the objective of harmonious development of standardization activity in India. This Bureau, Under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 , established Indian Standards, by a process of consultation involving consumers, manufacturers, Government and regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists and testing laboratories through duly constituted committees. History and Overview - National building code

20. History and Overview - National building code The first version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE was published in 1970. Since the publication in 1970 version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE a large number of comments and useful suggestions for modifications and additions to different parts and sections of the code were received. The revised version of NATIONAL BUILDING CODE of India was therefore, brought out in 1983

21. Based on the changes effected in the: Steel Code, Masonry Code Loading Codes to update Fire Protection Requirements, three voluminous amendments were brought out to the 1983 version of the Code, Two in 1987 and the third in 1997.

22. In the last about two decades since the publication of the 1983 version of the Code, substantial further experience had been gained in the areas of the Building planning, Designing and Construction . Intensive efforts involving wide consultative process have resulted in finalization and publication of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005 reflecting the state-of- the- art and contemporary applicable international practices.

23. The revised NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005 was formally released on 16 th September 2005 at New Delhi

24. It is the third revision compiled under the aegis of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). It provides guidelines for regulating building construction activities across the country. It has the basic codes for construction materials, services, systems and processes.

25. CONTENTS OF NBC 2005 PART PART 1 PART 2 PART 3 PART 4 PART 5 PART 6 PART 7 PART 8 PART 9 PART 10 INTEGRATED APPROACH – PREREQUISITE FOR APPLYING PROVISION OF THE CODE DEFINITIONS ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY BUILDING MATERIALS STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY BUILDING SERVICES PLUMBING SERVICES LANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES

26. Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provisions of the Code This part covers guidelines to be followed for judicious implementation of the provisions of various parts/sections of the Code.

27. PART 1 : DEFINITIONS It lists the terms appearing in all the parts/sections of the National Building Code of India. However, some common definitions are reproduced in this part also.

28. PART 2: ADMINISTRATION It covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as: Applicability of the Code, Organization of building department for enforcement of the Code, Procedure for obtaining development and building permits, and Responsibility of the owner and all professionals involved in the planning, design and construction of the building.

29. PART 3: DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS It covers : The development control rules and general building requirements for proper planning and design at the layout and building level to ensure health safety, public safety and desired quality of life. Provides provisions for covered area, plinth area, FAR, amenities, land use classification, height/ size of rooms, kitchens etc.

30. PART 4 : FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY It covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety in relation to fire, and fire protection of buildings. The code specifies planning and construction features and fire protection features for all occupancies that are necessary to minimize danger to life and property. The code categorizes the buildings as follows: Group A - Residential Group B - Educational Group C - Institutional Group D - Assembly Group E - Business Group F - Mercantile Group G - Industrial Group H - Storage Group J - Hazardous

31. PART 5: BUILDING MATERIALS It covers the requirements of building materials and components, and criteria for accepting new or alternative building materials and components.

32. 29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part: Aluminum & other light materials & their alloys Bitumen & Tar products Builders hardware's Building chemicals Building lime and products Burnt clay products Cement & concrete (i/c reinforcement) Composite matrix products Conductors & cables Doors/windows & ventilators Electrical wiring & accessories Fillers, stoppers & putties Floor coverings, roofing's & other finishes Glass 15. Gypsum based materials

33. 29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part : Lignocellulosic building materials (timber bamboos etc.) Paints & allied products Polymers, plastics etc. Sanitary appliances & water fittings Soil based blocks Steel & its alloys Stones. Structural sections Thermal insulation materials Threaded fasteners & rivets Unit weight of building materials Water proofing & damp proofing materials Welding electrodes & wires Wire ropes & wire products

34. PART 6 : STRUCTURAL DESIGN both This part through its seven sections provides for: structural adequacy of buildings to deal with internal and external environment, and provide guidance to engineers/ structural engineers for varied usage of material/ technology types for building design.

35. Part 6 : Section 1 : Loads, Forces and Effects It covers basic design loads to be assumed in the design of buildings. The live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, snow loads and other loads, which are specified herein, are minimum working loads which should be taken into consideration for purposes of design.

36. Part 6 : Section 2 : Soils and Foundations It covers structural design(principles) of all building foundations such as raft, pile and other foundation systems to ensure safety and without serviceability exceeding the permissible stresses of the materials of foundations and the bearing capacity of the supporting soil.

37. Part 6 : Section 3A : Timber It covers the use of structural timber in structures or elements of structures connected together by fasteners/ fastening techniques.

38. Part 6 : Section 3B : Bamboo It covers : The use of bamboo for constructional purposes in structures or elements of the structure, Ensuring quality and effectiveness of design and construction using bamboo. Minimum strength data, dimensional and grading requirements, Seasoning, preservative treatment, design and jointing techniques with bamboo which would facilitate scientific application and long- term performance of structures. Guidelines so as to ensure proper procurement, storage, precautions and design limitations on bamboo.

39. Part 6 : Section 4 : Masonry It covers T he structural design aspects of bearing unreinforced load and non- load bearing walls , Constructed using various bricks, stones and blocks permitted in accordance with this section. provisions for design of reinforced brick and reinforced brick concrete floors and roofs.

40. Part 6 : Section 5A : Plain and Reinforced Concrete It covers the general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete.

41. Part 6 : Section 5B : Prestressed Concrete It covers the general structural use of pre-stressed concrete. It covers both work carried out on site and the manufacture of precast pre- stressed concrete units.

42. Part 6 : Section 6 : Steel It covers the use of structural steel in general building construction including the use of hot rolled steel sections and steel tubes.

43. Part 6 : Section 7 : Prefabrication and Systems Building

44. Though desirable for large scale building activities, has yet to take a firm hold in the country. Includes a few recommendations on the need to avoid ‘progressive collapse’ of the structures. Part 6 : Section 7A : Prefabricated Concrete:

45. Part 6 : Section 7B : Systems Building and mixed/ Composite Construction It covers recommendations regarding modular planning, component sizes, joints, manufacture, storage transport and erection of prefabricated elements for use in buildings and such related requirements for mixed/composite construction.

46. PART 7 : CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY It covers The constructional practices in buildings; storage, stacking and handling of materials and safety of personnel during construction operations for all elements of a building and demolition of buildings. The objective can be best achieved through proper coordination and working by the project management and construction management teams.

47. PART 8 : BUILDING SERVICES This part through its five elaborate sections on utilities provides detailed guidance to concerned professionals/ utility engineers for meeting necessary functional requirements in buildings.

48. Part 8 : Section 1 : Lighting and Ventilation It covers requirements and methods for lighting and ventilation of buildings.

49. Electrical and PART 8 : Section 2 : Allied Installations It covers The essential requirements for electrical installations in buildings to ensure efficient use of electricity including safety from fire and shock. General requirements relating to lightning protection of buildings.

50. PART 8 : Section 3 : Air conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation of air This section covers The design, construction and installation conditioning and heating systems and equipment installed in buildings for the purpose of providing and maintaining conditions of air temperature, humidity, purity and Distribution, suitable for the use and occupancy of the space.

51. PART 8 : Section 4 : Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control It covers, requirements and guidelines regarding planning against noise, acceptable noise levels and the requirements for sound insulation in buildings with different occupancies.

52. PART 8 : Section 5 : Installation of Lifts and Escalators It covers the essential requirements for the installation, operation, maintenance and also inspection of lifts (passenger lifts, goods lifts, hospital lifts, service lifts dumb- waiter lifts) and escalators so as to ensure safe and satisfactory performance.

53. PART 9 : PLUMBING SERVICES This part through its two sections gives detailed guidance to concerned professionals/ plumbing engineers with regard to plumbing and other related requirements in buildings.

54. PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management) It covers The basic requirements of water supply for residential, business and other types of buildings, including traffic terminal stations. to public General requirements of plumbing connected water supply and design of water supply systems. Provisions on Rain Water Harvesting have also been included

55. PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management) It also covers The design, layout, construction and maintenance of drains for foul water, surface water and subsoil water and sewage; Together with all ancillary works, such as connections, manholes and inspection chambers used within the building and from building to the connection to a public sewer , private sewer, individual sewage- disposal system, cess- pool, or to other approved point of disposal/ treatment work. It further includes the provisions on solid waste management.

56. PART 9 : Section 2 : Gas Supply It covers the requirements regarding the safety of persons and property for all piping uses and for all types of gases used for fuel or lighting purposes in buildings.

57. PART 10 : Section 1 : Landscape Planning and Design It covers requirements of landscape planning and design with the view to promoting quality of outdoor built environment and protection of land and its resources.

58. PART 10 : Section 2 : Signs and Outdoor Display Structures It covers The requirements regard to public with structural safety and fire safety, safety of all signs (advertisements) and outdoor display structures including the overall aesthetical aspects of imposition of signs and outdoor display structures in the outdoor built environment. Terminologies related to signages and explanatory figures have been added.

59. Inclusion of a complete philosophy and direction for successfully accomplishing the building projects through integrated multidisciplinary approach right from conceptual stage through planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance stages. A series of reforms in building permit process. Provision for ensuring safety of buildings against natural disaster& certification of structural sufficiency by engineer & structural engineer. Permission of two stage permit for high rise residential and special buildings. Salient Features of NBC – 2005

60. Provision for periodic renewal certificate of occupied buildings from structural, fire, electrical, health safety point of view Provision for empowering engineers/architects for sanctioning plans for residential buildings up to 500 sqm. Revision of parking requirements for metro & mega cities. (mega cities are metros with population more than 50 lacs) Up gradation of special requirements for low income housing for urban areas. Inclusion of special requirements for low income housing for rural habitat planning. Salient Features of NBC – 2005

61. Inclusion of guidelines for development planning for hilly areas. Revisions of the provisions for building and facilities for physically challenged Fire safety norms completely revamped through detailed provisions on fire prevention, life safety and fire protection Inclusion of new categories of starred hotels, heritage & archeological monuments for fire safety of halon based fire extinguishers/fire fighting structures provisions Substitution system Promotion to new/innovative building materials/technologies Salient Features of NBC – 2005

62. Inclusion of latest provisions for earthquake resistant design & construction Inclusion of details on multi- disaster prone districts Inclusion of new chapter on design & construction using bamboos Chapter on pre- fabricated & composite construction for speedier construction Up gradation of provision of safety in construction. Complete revision of provision on building & plumbing services in line with applicable international practices. Provision on Rain Water Harvesting Inclusion of new chapter to cover landscaping needs. Salient Features of NBC – 2005

63. BUILDING BYE - LAWS & CODES PRACTICES

64. Codes Practices Introduction to Codes of Practice Introduction to various building codes in professional practice emphasizing the importance of codes and regulations to protect public health, safety and welfare and to ensure compliance with the local authority. Application of Codes of Practice Understanding the applications of various codes as per various building types. Conducting a comprehensive code search process and Representing the above analysis by preparing detailed code data sheets as applicable in the domain which has been chosen for the research.

65. “Building codes are a series of ordinances enacted by a state or local governmental entity , establishing minimum requirements that must be met in the construction and maintenance of buildings”. · The government establishes requirements and standards to protect people from unsafe living and working conditions. Introduction to Building Codes

66. Ensure public health and safety throughout a building. Most have come into play “after- the- fact” as a learning experience from a major tragedy. They are primarily concerned with Construction requirements Hazardous materials or equipment used in the building 75% of all codes and standards deal with fire Energy conservation Accessibility PURPOSE OF Codes

67. A building code is a document containing standardized requirement for the design & construction of most types of building. Codes regulate building construction & building use in order to protect the health, safety & welfare of the occupant. Codes express all aspects of construction including structural integrity, fire resistance, safe exists, lighting, electrical, energy conservation, plumbing, sanitary facilities, ventilation, seismic design & correct use of construction materials. Building codes classify standard by use & apply different standards to each classification. For example, schools & office buildings are in separate occupancy category with different performance requirement. What is building code?

68. The codes includes various aspect for regulation on design & construction viz; For Planning Building/Development work For Structural Design For Constructional aspects For Building Services (HVAC, electrical, Acoustics, lifts etc.) Plumbing Services (Water supply, Sewerage, Drainage, waste management) Landscaping, signs and outdoor display structures What is building code?

69. The purpose of all these building codes is to ensure public safety, health & welfare as affected by building construction. This purpose includes: Structural strength Sanitary equipment Light & ventilation Fire safety What is building code?