UNIT - 1 changing trends and Carrier in Physical Education

Classes by Mahendra Rajak

1. Changing Trends and Carrier in Physical Education PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS 11 MAHENDRA RAJAK (TGT P&HE) KV MAHABUBNAGAR 1

2. KEY POINT:- Meaning and Definition Physical Education Aim and Objectives of Physical Education Various Courses In Physical Education Development of Physical Education – Post independence Career Options in Physical Education Competitions in Various Sports at National and International Level Khelo India Programme . 2

3. Meaning of Physical Education Physical Education is composed of two words ‘Physical’ means body and ‘Education’ means modification of behaviors thus means Education through the medium of physical Activities. It aims on overall development of human being through participating in various games and sports activities. Modern Physical Education was started in 18th century in Germany. Where Physical Education was an integral part of School Curriculum, Since then many changes have taken place and various aspects have emerged with time. 3

4. Definitions of Physical Education Charles A Bucher, "physical education is an integral part of total education process and has its aim in the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realize these out comes.” “Physical education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experience which can bring in motor activity.” 4

5. Aim and Objectives of Physical Education Physical Development Spiritual Development Emotional Development Mental Development Social Development 5

6. Physical Development The main objective of physical education is physical development. Physical education is related to several physical activities. When we do any physical activity, it effects our different body systems— blood circulation, respiratory system, muscular system, digestive system, etc. It results in the development of the size and shape of organs. It is helpful to make body healthy and strong. 6

7. Mental Development This objective is related to mental development. There should be some activities in physical education which keep our brain alert and concentrated. Now-a-days, physical education is not related to physical exercises only but it also includes rules of game, principles, structures of body, personal cleanliness, etc. These physical activities sharpen the brain. By taking part in physical activities a person learn to tackle various situations. During sport many situations occur in which player takes his/her self-decision. So, this results in their mental development and decreases the stress level. 7

8. Social Development This objective of physical education is related to social skills which are helpful in coordination. During a competition, players of different region come together on single platform. So, they learn cooperation, support, respect, good sportsmanship, etc. through these skills, players can make their nation healthy and strong. 8

9. Emotional Development The objective of physical education is to make an individual emotionally develop through physical activity. A man is endowed with different emotions like happiness, jealousy hope, despair, joy, fear, loneliness, weal and woe, etc , If they do not control these emotions, this there will be no place for them in the society, which can be harmful for them. Physical education programmed develop these emotions and teach us to control them. 9

10. Spiritual Development The objective of physical education for an individual is to reflect time to evaluate their experiences to allow them to build a positive mindset and promote progression 10

11. Various Courses In Physical Education Certificate Courses: It is taken the education of six months to one year and the list of courses: Aerobics Naturopathy Yoga and Yoga science Diploma Courses : It is taken the duration of two years and the list of courses: Diploma in Aerobics Diploma in Yoga and Physical educations ( B.P.Ed ) Diploma in Physical Education Degree Courses: It is taken the education of three years and the list of courses: B.A (Yoga) B.P.E (Bachelor of Physical Education) B.SC in Physical Education and Sports Master’s Degree Courses: It is also taken the education two years but students must have complete their graduation in Physical Education. The list of Master’s Degree courses: M.P.Ed (Master of Physical Education) M.Phil (Master of Philosophy in Physical Education) Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Education) 11

12. Development of Physical Education – Post independence All India Council of Sports Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation Kunzru Committee Dr. Tara Chand Committee Rajkumari Coaching Scheme National Institute of Sports Sports Authority of India 12

13. All India Council of sports All India council of Sports was constituted in 1954 and General( Retd ) K M Cariappa was appointed as the first chairman Aims and Functions of AICS To research on the games & sports by applying scientific methods To coordinate between national sports organizations and central government To start various training centres to enhance the standards of sports in India To organize participation of Indian players in international events Achievements of AICS Netaji Subhash National institute of Sports was established in 1961 Coaching camps were organized Stadiums, gymnasiums and swimming pools were constructed for promotion of sports Stress was laid for promotion of sports specially in rural areas 13

14. Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation Ten members committee under chairmanship of Dr Tara Chand in 1950 Aims of the Board Recommendations on games programmes Recommendations on recreational programmes Proposals to government on physical education programmes Suggestions on different programmes for youths Objectives of the Board Advising for making PE a compulsory subject in schools Recommending syllabus of PE at primary, middle and university level Recommending syllabus of PE in all the physical education institutions of the country Recommending standards for the selection of PE teachers Suggest checking of PE programmes Contribution of the Board Different methods of training of PE separately for boys and girls were submitted Formed rules for giving recognition to certificate and diploma courses Scholarship in the field of PE for leadership, training & research was started from 1950 Financial help to the institutions related to the programme “ national Physical efficiency Test” was started from 1958 , National Fitness Corps in Physical Education was started 14

15. Dr. Tara Chand Committee 15 In 1948 Dr Tara Chand committee was formed which mentioned about the introduction of Physical Education. This committee gave emphasis for training teachers in the field of Physical Education. The introduction of Post Graduate level course in Physical Education was done by the recommendation of this committee. In addition to this the committee suggested to establish Gymnasia, Sports Clubs and Akhadas . Rajkumari Coaching Scheme Government of India introduced the Rajkumari Coaching Scheme for Games and Sports in 1953. The aim of scheme was training sportsmen. The scheme received wide popularity since famous players like Major Dhyan Chand and Dr. Ram Singh worked under this scheme

16. Kunzru Committee 16 Hriday Nath Kunzru , Chairman Mahavir Tyagi, Member Asoka Mehta, Member Shrimati Ammu Swaminadhan , Member P. N. Kirpal , Member H. C. Sarin, Member A. A. A. Fyzee , Member G. D. Sondhi , Member P. M. Joseph, Member The Union Minister of Education constituted a committee in 1959. Dr. Hridayanath Kunzru was made chairman of this committee. The most important suggestion of the committee was integration of various schemes in the field of Physical Education, Recreation and Youth Welfare. The Government of India introduced this program in all the schools. This program was given the name of National Fitness Corps to create interest in masses for the need of being physically fit. The committee introduced Physical Education and Standards for the class 5th to 11th. Report - 1963

17. Adhoc Inquiry Committee 17 In 1958 Adhoc Inquiry Committee was established under the chairmanship of Maharaja of Patiala. The committee was given a task to investigate the low standard of sports. The committee made recommendation that better opportunities of training should be given. In addition to this better play grounds should be developed in the schools. It also suggested that talented players should be given special diet. National Sports Policy The first ever National Sports Policy was announced in 1984. India has a tradition of sports. This policy emphasized that Physical Education should be made compulsory in all educational institutions. The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports was initially set up as the Department of Sports in 1982 at the time of organization of the IX Asian Games in New Delhi.

18. National Institute of Sports Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports Established in 1961 at Patiala. One year diploma was started in various games Aims of National Institute of Sports To prepare coaches for specific training of different sports To raise the technical standard of coaches To make available latest knowledge in sports To help in searching the talented sportsperson To impart proper training to sportsperson participating in international competitions 18

19. Sports Authority of India Sports authority of india Established in 1984 Aims of Sports Authority of India Promotion of sports Exploration of sports talent in young age Organizing sports competitions Providing facilities to sportspersons To utilize and maintain the stadiums Schemes of Sports authority of India Exploration of Sports Talent and Nutrition To Provide Sports Scholarship Organization of National Sports Talent Competitions National Physical Health Scheme Promotion of Indigenous Games and Martial Arts 19

20. Career Options in Physical Education In Teaching Sector In Training Sector (Coaching) In Health/Fitness related Sector In Performance related Sector In Media Sector At Primary level In Schools, Colleges, University Sports Fitness Trainer Medicine ,Sports Dietician Professional Players Sports Journalism Book Author At Middle In Various Sports Institution Sport Psychology Sports Planning Officer Sports Photography At Secondary level Industrial Recreation Sport Nutritionist Sports Management Sports Broadcasting At College and University level Sports Facility Management In Gyms as Athletic Trainer Recreational Sports Management Sports advertising Teaching at other Professional Institution Administration Health/Fitness Industry Performance Sports Industry 20

21. Sports Journalism Through sports journalism we mean that we can gather information regarding all sports activities and to collect different types of material required for physical education. Such physical education teachers who have skill in communicating by oral or writing can avail the career option in the field of sports journalism. Sports Photography This is again a vast open field but this field again needs physical education experts who have particular interest in photography. They should have the capacity to communicate with the masses through clear and illustrative photographs. The photographs should be self-explanatory. The person should first be a talented photographer, then the rest comes to play. These are scores of journals, newspapers which require such photographers. At times, photographers from alien fields have to cover up sports to a bridge the gap. Therefore, here we see lot of scope available for physical education experts who have aptitude to be a photographer. Courses in photography coupled with experience is a must for these kind of jobs. In the real sense to be a good photographer, these are the basic requirements. 21

22. Sport Industry Careers are also available in sports industry. A person who wants a career in sports industry, must have the knowledge of physical education and sports. One may establish a sports industry at a small scale. It may be related to only T-shirts and Track suits. It may be related to only sports footwear. The knowledge of research and designing is also vital for such jobs, because new types of sports equipment’s and new types of tracksuits or swimsuits which are beneficial for increasing the performance of sportspersons are always in demand. book writing Career opportunities are widely available in book writing in the field of physical educations and sports, especially in India. As a matter of fact, there is shortage of books on physical education and its allied subjects in India. Some physical educators, who have deep knowledge of various. Sub-disciplines of physical education, such as sports biomechanics, sports sociology, sports medicine, exercise physiology, research methods, sports psychology, sports philosophy, sports pedagogy, sports management and various sports, may write textbooks as a part time careers. 22

23. Competitions At Different Levels National Level Competitions Individual Competitions: All State Sport Federation conduct the various National for Junior, Youth and Senior National Championships annually under the aegis of National Sports Federations. Few sports have started their league tournaments where professional players play the competitions. Pro Kabaddi, Hockey India League, National Football League etc. 23

24. Multi Discipline Competitions: Khelo India Games: The first edition of Khelo India Games are organized in collaboration with the School Games Federation of India (SGFI) & the National Sports Federations (NSFs). The second edition of Khelo India was renamed as Khelo India Youth Games. It was organized in the age category of under 17 & 21 years. It is not restricted to school only and now College and University students can also participate in this competition. School National Games: It has a vision to provide a robust, vibrant and holistic physical education and school sports activity that will engender excellence in school sports sector in India. The SGFI competition is held annually. National Games: The national games were earlier known as Indian Olympic Games. These were organized by any state under the aegis of Indian Olympic Associations. First Indian Olympic Games were held in Lahore in 1924. After 1938 they were renamed as National Games. 24

25. International Level Competitions Individual Competitions: All National Sports Federations conduct the various International Competitions Junior, Youth and Senior Championships Under the aegis of World Body. Multi Discipline Competitions: Asian Games The Asian Games is a multi disciplinary sports event held once in every 4 years. Athletes from all Asian Countries Participate in this event. It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). 25

26. Commonwealth Games They are an International multi – sport event involving athletes from the commonwealth of nations. It is held in after every 4 years. The event was first held in 1930 and the last edition of Commonwealth Games was held in Gold Coast, Australia. Olympics Olympic Games involves summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate. It is considered the world’s foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. It is held in every 4 years. First Modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 at Athens. 26

27. Khelo India Program Introduction: The Khelo India Games were introduced to develop the sports culture in India at the grassroot level. The clearly states to establish India as a great sporting nation. Playing sports inculcates team spirit, develops strategic and analytical thinking, leadership skills, goal setting and risk taking. It’s time we inspire young talent, give them top notch infrastructure and training of the highest level. We need to inculcate a strong spirit of participation in sports that enables players to demonstrate their true potential. 27

28. Inauguration: The inaugural Khelo India Games were named as the Khelo India School Games. These games were held from 31st January to 8th February 2018 in New Delhi. In the age category of under 17 years, 16 disciplines were contested in the competition. They included Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Kho Kho , Kabaddi, Judo, Football, Gymnastics, Boxing, Shooting, Volleyball, Swimming, Wrestling, Hockey and Weightlifting. The even got much popularity as 5000 students from 29 states and 7 Union Territories participated. The second edition of Khelo India School Games was held as Khelo India Youth Games. These games were held January 9 to January 20, 2019 in Pune, Maharashtra 28

29. Aim of the Khelo India Program “To make popular the rural, indigenous and the Tribal sport/Games to disseminate information and pique the curiosity of the present generation about these games and also to encourage children and youth to take up these games in a major way, paving way for their mainstreaming” 29

30. Vision: Development of sports culture to achieve sporting excellence in the country. Mission: Many holistic development of children and youth community is the major concern of Khelo India Scheme. Objectives: To create inspirational value amongst budding players in the country. There is no dearth of sporting talent in our nation. The budding athletes need encouragement to excel in the field of sports. To create platform for talent identification. The main objective of Khelo India is to identify the talent of all levels. Once the talent is found, training can be given to excel in field of sports. To benchmark technical conduct of the game with international standards. Special emphasis will be given to improve the technical conduct. 30

31. Selection Criteria Only selected school kids below the age of 17 years are eligible to compete in the individual sports. Top 8 sports person from the school games federation of India’s National School Games. 4 nominations from federation, one from Central Board of Secondary Education, one from the host state and one from the organizing committee will be selected. For Archery, Badminton and Shooting, the top 16 from the National School Games, 8 nominations by the federation, one from CBSE, one from host slate, one from organizing committee, and 6 from wild cards will be selected. 31

32. Components Of Khelo India Development of Play field: This component includes preparation of a national inventory of playfield and sports infrastructure by Govt. of India and development of play fields at various state and district levels. Community Coaching Development: The significance is given for skill developments and certification system for sports coaching. At the grass-root level the Physical Education teachers must be educated and trained for coaching. State Level Khelo India Centers: This involves supporting better utilization of sports infrastructure in relation to the States / Union Territories. Annual Sports Competitions: It must be organized to provide platform for children to exhibit their talent of sports. Talent Search and Development: For the selection of the prize winners for the scheme, a talent identification committee is instituted to spot and identify talent with the help of globally accepted scientific methods. Utilization and Creation of Sports infrastructure: The aim is to provide sports infrastructure and its utilization across the nation. 32

33. Components Of Khelo India Physical Fitness of School going children : This aims to develop physical education curriculum by adding physical activities in the schools. A method will made to measure the physical fitness levels of children. Support to regional and national sports academies: This component takes care of providing resources under Public Private Partnership. Development of sports for women: More significance will be especially for women participating in sports. The emphasis on sports disciplines where women participation is limited will be encouraged. Development of sports for children with special needs: They will be given more opportunities to train and complete in the sports. SAI will be creating sports infrastructure for persons with disabilities. Sports for peace and development: Under the special package for J&K, the Govt. of the India is providing funds of up to Rs. 200 crores for enhancement of sports facilities in the state. Promotion of rural/indigenous sports in the country: To spread sporting culture in the country significance will be given to rural games. 33

34. Thanku 34