Unit-1 Community Health and Community Health Nursing.pptx

CHN

1. Community Health Nursing-I Course description: Designed to provide comprehensive knowledge in relation to the concepts and principles of community health nursing Apply concepts of epidemiological approaches and carry out community diagnosis to identify common health problems at community level.

2. Community Health Nursing-I Course description: This course is focused on providing care to individual, family, group and community in relation to disease prevention, health promotion and rehabilitative concept.

3. Community Health and Community Health Nursing Presented by Deepa Manandhar Lecturer Community Health Nursing

4. Introduction

5. Community A group of individuals and families living together in a defined geographic area usually comprising a village, town or city is called community

6. Community… According to WHO “A community is a social group determined by a geographical boundaries and/or common values and interests. Its members know and interact with each others. Its functions within a particular social structure and exhibits and create certain norms, values and social institutions. The individual belongs to the broader society through his family and community.”

7. Community Health Community health refers to the health status of the members of the community, to the problems affecting their health and to the totality of health care provided to the community. - WHO

8. Community Health Nurse A Community Health Nurse (CHN) is a registered nurse (RN) who is specialized in promoting health for diverse communities, infants, children, adolescents and adults. One of the primary roles of a community health nurse is to identify health problems in the community and to provide health care to patients who may not have access to, or be able to afford, medical services.

9. Community Health Nursing The American nurses association (ANA 1980 ) defined community health nursing as “Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing and public practice applied for promoting and preventing the health of people.”

10. Community Health Nursing Community health nursing has been defined by the division of Community Health nursing Practice of American Nurses’ Association as “a field of nursing practice for which there exists a body of knowledge and related skills which is applied in meeting the health needs of communities, families and individuals in their normal environment such as at home, at school and at place of work.”

11. Goals To increase the capacity of families, groups and communities to cope with health and illness problems To support and supplement the effort of other professional restoration and preservation of health.

12. Goals… To control or counteract as much as possible physical and social environmental conditions that threaten health or decrease the enjoyment of life. To contribute to the reinforcement and improvement of nursing practice and public health practice and services.

13. Objectives of Community Health Nursing To increase the capability of community to deal with their own health problems. To strengthen community resources. To control and counteract environment. To prevent and control communicable and non communicable diseases. To provide specialized services. To conduct research.

14. Principles of CHN The community health nursing agency has clearly defined objectives and purposes for its services. Community health nursing services are available to the entire community regardless of origin, culture or social and economic resources, and age, sex, nationality, religion, political affiliation. Community health nursing recognized the family and community as units of service.

15. Principles of CHN Promote, protect, preserve the health and prevent the illness. Health services should be based on the needs of individual and the community. Health services should be suitable to the budget; workers and the resources. Health education is an important part of community health nursing. It should be preplanned, suitable to conditions, scientifically true and effective.

16. Principles of CHN… Community health Nursing should be provided continuously, without any interruption. Preparation and maintenance of records and reports is very important in community health nursing. Community health nurses and other health workers should be guided and supervised by highly educated and skilled professionals.

17. Principles of CHN… Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation of health situation of the patients are basic to community health nursing. The nurses assume responsibilities of their own continuing professional development through acquiring higher and higher education and forming and strengthening the professional associations.

18. Assignment Difference Between Hospital Nurse and Community Nurse. {5 marks}

19. Scope of Community Health Nursing

20. Scope of Community Health Nursing The scope of Community Health Nursing includes

21. Scope of Community Health Nursing Community health nurse work towards achievement of health of an individual before the birth i.e. during antenatal, intranatal , postnatal period and after birth throughout life through various organizations such as:

22. Scope of Community Health Nursing S upportive care provided in the home. S ervices help adults and seniors who are recovering after a hospital or facility stay, or need additional support to remain safely at home and avoid unnecessary hospitalization.

23. Scope of Community Health Nursing S pecialized practice of professional nursing that advances the well-being, academic success, and lifelong achievement of students. S chool nurses try to facilitate positive student responses to normal human development; promote health and safety in the school environment

24. Scope of Community Health Nursing Intervene with actual and potential health problems; provide case management services; and actively collaborate with others to build student and family capacity for adaptation, self care, self advocacy, and learning.

25. Scope of Community Health Nursing The services comprise of antenatal, natal and postnatal services. Nurses have a major role to play in family planning. Nurses also provide immunization services and maintain growth chart of under five children, detect minor disease and provide treatment.

26. Scope of Community Health Nursing C ares for people of all ages with mental illness or mental distress. S ervices comprise early detection and treatment, rehabilitation group and individual, psychotherapy, mental health education, use of special drugs and after care services.

27. Scope of Community Health Nursing S pecialty of nursing pertaining to older adults. Geriatric nurses work in collaboration with older adults, their families, and communities to support healthy  aging, maximum functioning, and quality of life.

28. Scope of Community Health Nursing F ocus on promotion and restoration of health, prevention of illness and injury, and protection from work related and environmental hazards.

29. Scope of Community Health Nursing The Occupational H ealth N urse focuses the following activities in an industrial setting: Prevention of health problems, promotion of healthy living and working conditions. Care of sick and injured. Pre-placement and periodic health check-up. Industrial sanitation, industrial safety eg : use of helmet, use of gloves, safety belt etc Understanding the effects of work on health and health at work.

30. Scope of Community Health Nursing Basic first aid and health screening. Workforce and workplace monitoring and health need assessment. Health promotion, education and training. Counselling and support. Risk assessment and risk management. Rehabilitation.

31. Scope of Community Health Nursing I mplies restoration of all treated cases to the highest level of functional ability, physically, mentally, and also socially.

32. Roles of community health nurse Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day to day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.

33. Roles of community health nurse…

34. Roles of community health nurse… Care provider: P rovides a continuous and comprehensive care to the family, group of people and community at large. She emphasizes more on promotive and preventive health care. The care is provided at home, clinic, school, work place etc.  

35. Roles of community health nurse… 2. Educator: One of the major functions of the community health nurse is that of health educator. As educators, the nurse conducts planned health education sessions for organized community groups e.g., school children, antenatal mothers, eligible couples etc. The Community Health Nurse is also involved in giving incidental/casual/spontaneous health education according to the situation.

36. Roles of community health nurse… 3. Advocate: Every patient or consumer has the right to fair and compassionate treatment.   An advocate may be considered to be one who will always be acting in the person’s "best interest". Community health nurse as advocate is to help clients find out what services are available, which ones they are entitled to, and how to obtain these services. Community Health Nurse advocate the issues related to patient right and safety.  

37. Roles of community health nurse… 4. Manager: P rovides administrative guidance to ensure that defined goals are accomplished by analyzing clients' requirements, planning and arranging to meet those needs, guiding and managing, and evaluating progress. Nurses work as managers when they supervise auxiliary personnel, do case management, handle caseloads, operate clinics, or conduct community health needs assessments.

38. Roles of community health nurse… 5. Collaborator: In community health nursing, nurses rarely work alone. As a part of the health team, they must collaborate with a variety of individuals, including clients, other nurses, physicians, social workers, community leaders, therapists, dietitians, occupational therapists, psychologists, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, legislators, and others.

39. Roles of community health nurse… 6. Leader Nurses working in community health are increasingly taking on leadership roles. The nurse's role as a leader is to direct, influence, or persuade others to make changes that will improve people's health. The major objective of the leadership role is to affect change; consequently, the community health nurse becomes a change agent.

40. Roles of community health nurse… 7. Researcher: C ommunity health nurses conduct systematic investigations, data collecting, and analysis in order to solve problems and improve community health practice. The term "research" refers to the act of looking for, investigating, discovering, and interpreting information. The community health nurse finds an issue or topic, investigates by gathering and analyzing data, proposes and assesses viable solutions, picks or rejects all alternatives, and repeats the investigation process.

41. Responsibilities of community health nurse Plan, implement and evaluate prevention activities and programs Quick response in case of epidemic outbreaks Counsel patients and conduct health screening Provide health education at the school level and develop educational plans for individuals

42. Responsibilities of community health nurse Enhance the ability of individuals to seek mental health treatment and address social needs Demonstrate nursing techniques for home care of the ill and injured Observe patient-family interaction at home Assess various physical, social, and health statuses of individuals and families

43. Responsibilities of community health nurse Provide health care in line with other health professionals to improve patient health Refer patients to appropriate clinics when medical intervention is required Identify the outbreak of health issues in the community

44. Responsibilities of community health nurse Provide health care in line with other health professionals to improve patient health Refer patients to appropriate clinics when medical intervention is required Identify the outbreak of health issues in the community

45. References Dahal , K. (2015). Community Health Nursing-I. Makalu Publication House. Ghimire, B. (2019). A text book of Community Health Nursing Part-I. Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar . Saxena, P.R. (2021). PHN Nurse and Role of Community Health Nurse. Nursing Guru. https://www.communityhealthnursing.guru/2021/12/community%20healthnurse.html Community Health Nurse. (2022). Everynurse . https://everynurse.org/careers/community-health-nurse/