Unit-2-MAPEH-GRADE-10-MUSIC-LESSON SECOND QUARTER

MAPEH- Music, grade 10 lesson

1. African Music History, Culture and Musical Instruments UNIT II Afro-Latin American and Popular Music

2. Learning Competencies The learner... Observes dance styles, instruments, and rhythms of African music through video, movies and live performances Describes the historical and cultural background of African music Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable to chosen instrumental selections

3. ACTIVITY 1. Review: Guess the musical terms from the 20 th Century Music A term borrowed from painting to describe music that is intended to convey an impression rather than a dramatic or narrative idea. Answer: IMPRESSIONISM

4. An interval or chord that is not harmonious like a consonance.. Answer: DISSONANCE

5.  A scale made entirely of whole-steps or having an interval of two semitones. Answer: WHOLE TONE SCALE

6. The music-copy of the piece for several performers containing complete details of every participating voice and instrument. Answer: SCORE

7. A live play or theatrical performance produced in a commercial theater . Answer: BROADWAY

8. 2. Motivation Guess the title of the vide o c l i p . a. The Lion King b. The Gods Must Be Crazy c. Sister Act II d. Out of Africa e. The Gods Must be Crazy f. The Lion King

9. What can you say about the culture, style and musical elements ( timbre, dynamics, rhythm, pitch and form ) of Africa after watching the video? How do you feel every time you hear this kind of music?

10. ANALYSIS Activity 1. Form 4 groups and fill up with words or phrases about the culture, characteristics, style and musical elements from the movie clips.

11. Activity 2. Listen to the songs “ Kumbaya ” and “ Waka-Waka ” for African music and “ One Note Samba ” and “ One Love ” for Latin America. Compare the two types of music .

12. ABSTRACTION The Traditional Music of Africa  Types of African Music 1. Afro beat - a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music

13. 2. Apala (Akpala) - a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle( sekere ), thumb piano( agidigbo ), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.

14. 3. Axe - is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the AfroCaribbean styles of the marcha , reggae, and calypso.

15. 4. Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira -based guitar styles.

16. 5. Jive is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.

17. 6. Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments in Juju are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).

18. 7. Kwassa Kwassa is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms move following the hips.

19. 8. Marabi is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African Jazz. Possessing a keyboard style combining American Jazz, ragtime and blues with African roots. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance floor

20. Discussion: What are the characteristics and importance of African music? How can you relate African music to our Filipino folk and indigenous music?

21. Musical Instruments of Africa IDIOPHONES The balafon is a West African xylophone. It is a pitched percussion instrument with bars made from logs or bamboo. Rattles are made of seashells, tin, basketry, animal hoofs, horn, wood, metal bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise shells. These rattling vessels may range from single to several objects that are either joined or suspended in such a way as they hit each other

22. The agogo is a single bell or multiple bells that had its origins in traditional Yoruba music and also in the samba baterias (percussion) ensembles. It may be called “the oldest samba instrument based on West African Yoruba single or double bells.” It has the highest pitch of any of the bateria instruments. Atingting Kon - These are slit gongs used to communicate between villages. They were carved out of wood to resemble ancestors and had a “slit opening” at the bottom.

23. The slit drum is a hollow percussion instrument. Although known as a drum, it is not a true drum but is an idiophone. It is usually carved or constructed from bamboo or wood into a box with one or more slits in the top. The West African djembe (pronounced zhem -bay) is one of the best-known African drums is. It is shaped like a large goblet and played with bare hands. The body is carved from a hollowed trunk and is covered in goat skin.

24. The shekere is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West Africa, consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd. A rasp , or scraper, is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping the notches on a piece of wood (sometimes elaborately carved) with a stick, creating a series of rattling effects.

25. MEMBRANOPHONES Body percussion - Africans frequently use their bodies as musical instruments. Aside from their voices, the body also serves as a drum as people clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chests, or shuffle their feet.

26. The talking drum is used to send messages to announce births, deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war. It can carry direct messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one. However, learning to play messages on drums is extremely difficult, resulting in its waning popularity. An example of the talking drum is the luna .

27. LAMELLAPHONES One of the most popular African percussion instruments is the lamellaphone , which is a set of plucked tongues or keys mounted on a sound board. It is known by different names according to the regions such as mbira , karimba , kisaanj , and likembe . Mbira (hand piano or thumb piano) - The thumb piano or finger xylophone is of African origin and is used throughout the continent

28. CHORDOPHONES Musical bow consists of a single string attached to each end of a curved stick, similar to a bow and arrow. The string is either plucked or struck with another stick, producing a percussive yet delicate sound. The earth bow, the mouth bow, and the resonator-bow are the principal types of musical bows.

29. Lute ( konting , khalam , and the nkoni ) - originating from Arabic states, is shaped like the modern guitar and played in similar fashion. It has a resonating body, a neck, and one or more strings which stretch across the length of its body and neck.

30. 3.. The kora is Africa's most sophisticated harp, while also having features similar to a lute. Its body is made from a gourd or calabash. A support for the bridge is set across the opening and covered with a skin that is held in place with studs. The leather rings around the neck are used to tighten the 21 strings that give the instrument a range of over three octaves. Thekora is held upright and played with the fingers.

31. The zither is a stringed instrument with varying sizes and shapes whose strings are stretched along its body. Among the types of African zither are the raft or Inanga zither from Burundi, the tubular or Valiha zither from Malagasy, and the harp or Mvet zither from Cameroon.

32. The zeze is an African fiddle played with a bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with the fingers. It has one or two strings, made of steel or bicycle brake wire. It is from Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known by the namestzetze and dzendze , izeze and endingidi ; and on Madagascar is called lokanga (or lokango ) voatavo .

33. AEROPHONES Flutes are widely used throughout Africa and either vertical or side-blown. They are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end and blown like a bottle. Anteteben (Ghana) Fulani flutes

34. Panpipes consist of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row or in a bundle held together by wax or cord, and generally closed at the bottom. They are blown across the top, each providing a different note.

35. Horns and trumpets , found almost everywhere in Africa, are commonly made from elephant tusks and animal horns. With their varied attractive shapes, these instruments are end-blown or side-blown and range in size from the small signal whistle of the southern cattle herders to the large ivory horns of the tribal chiefs of the interior Kudu horn - This is one type of horn made from the horn of the kudu antelope. It releases a mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent to the music.

36. Reed pipes - There are single-reed pipes made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stems, where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near one end. It is the vibration of this reed that causes the air within the hollow instrument to vibrate, thus creating the sound.

37. Whistles found throughout the continent may be made of wood or other materials. Short pieces of horn serve as whistles, often with a short tube inserted into the mouthpiece African Gurunshi sound whistle Kongo-Vili whistle charm

38. African trumpets are made of wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks, and gourds with skins from snakes, zebras, leopards, crocodiles and animal hide as ornaments to the instrument. They are mostly ceremonial in nature, often used to announce the arrival or departure of important guests.

39. IDIOPHONES MEMBRANOPHONES CHORDOPHONE AEROPHONES LAMELLAPHONES

40. APPLICATION Group Activity Making Improvised African Instruments 1. Make improvised African musical instruments using dried vegetables, animal hide, wood, strips of roofing metal, tin cans, bamboo, and other materials from the environment. 2. Create a rhythmic or harmonic accompaniment for any Ilonggo or Visayan folk songs that they know using these improvised African instruments. Let the students rate their own presentation.

41. Group 1 and 2 will present Ilonggo Folk Song/s with African Rhythm and with the use of resources from the environment. Group 3 and 4 will perform a body percussion presentation.

42. Rating Scale: Best- 10 Better -8 Good-6 Fair-4 Focused, clear tone all throughout, accurate rhythm and secure pitch, consistent and sensitive phrasing and obvious dynamics, with creativity and proper expression of style in response to African music.   10 Focused and clear tone in normal range, accurate rhythm and secure pitch with isolated errors, accurate and consistent phrasing, accurate dynamics, with some variations in style of African music. 8 Focused tone but inconsistent in extreme range, some repeated errors in rhythm and pitch, phrasing, evident dynamics, some difference in style of African music.   6 Unfocused tone, erratic rhythm, unstable pitch, inconsistent phrasing, dynamics and shows insensitivity to style and context of African music.   4 Group 1 Group 2

43. Process: 1. How do you find the activity? 2. How well did the group members express the message of the song through African beat? 3. How well did the group members participate and perform? 4. How did you relate in making improvised African musical instruments found in the environment? 5. What was the most significant thing that you have learned from this activity?

44. Tribute to a teacher...

45. God bless! Thank you!