UNIT - 2 Olympic Movements

Classes by Mahendra Rajak

1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS 11 MAHENDRA RAJAK TGT (P&HE) KV MAHABUBNAGAR 1 OLYMPIC MOVEMENTS

2. KEY POINTS:- Ancient and Modern Olympics Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectives and Values International Olympic Committee Indian Olympic Association National Sports Award Dronacharya Award, Arjuna Award Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Dhyanchand Award Organizational Set Up of CBSE Sports Chacha Nehru Sports Awards Paralympic Movement Special Olympics 2

3. OLYMPIC MOVEMENTS “The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practiced without discrimination or any kind, in a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair” 3

4. ANCIENT OLYMPICS Olympic games started in Olympia Valley in 776 B.C. Hercules & God Zeus is associated with Olympics. Held every 4 years. Sacred rituals Offering prayers Animal sacrifice Oath & declaration Competitive events Running , Wrestling, Throws Chariot & Horse races Banned by King Theodosius in 394 A.D. 4

5. ANCIENT OLYMPICS AWARDS : Respect & honor Food grains & animals Olive leaves crown Statues of winners Poems in praise of winners RULES FOR COMPETITIONS Greeks & Hellenic race Competitors stayed in Olympia 1 month before Women not allowed to see & participate Only amateurs players Savages & convicted persons not allowed 5

6. MODERN OLYMPICS Baron Pirie de Coubertin of France , founder of Modern Olympics Revived in 1896, in Athens 9 Countries participated in Athens No Olympic games in 1916,1940 , 1944 POSPONED OLYMPIC GAME - 2020 215 Countries participated in 2012 Olympics 207 Countries participated in 2016 Olympics 6

7. Objectives Of Modern Olympics The main objective of Olympic Games is global unity & sporting friendship. To develop the spirit of patriotism and brotherhood in players. To pay attention towards physical education and games in all countries. To develop the personality, character and health among the youths. Founder The credit of starting modern Olympic Games goes to a Frenchman named Baron Pierre De Coubertin who dream up this ambitious project which was inspired by Ancient Olympic. 7

8. OLYMPIC SYMBOLS Olympic Motto The Olympic Motto is inscribed under the emblem which consists of three Latin words – CITIUS, ALTIUS & FORTIUS which means Run Faster, Jump Higher & Throw Stronger 8

9. Olympic Flag & Rings Baron Pierre de Coubertin designed the flag around 1913. Hoisted first time at Antwerp Olympic Games in 1920 Made of white silk containing five interlaced colored rings to show the universality of Olympism Six colors of the flag represent all nations The flag has not border and displays five interlocking rings in the center on a plain white background which show the sporting unity and friendship of all people. It represents Five continents with different colors: 1. Blue represents Europe 2. Black represents Africa 3. Yellow represents Asia 4. Green represents Australia 5. Red represent America 9

10. Olympic Torch Relay Symbolizes friendship between peoples with the torch relay travelling through different countries First torch relay took place in 1936 games in Berlin The lighting Flame is lit in Olympia some months prior the games Can only be lit by sun rays The torch New torch is created every time Each relay runner carries his/her own torch Flame is passed from runner to runner Cannot be extinguished enrooted The relay route Carried by relay from Olympia to the host city The relay route of flame inspires and motivates people across the countries 10

11. Torch Relay The torch was first introduced in 1936 in the Berlin games. Modern Games are opened officially by runners carrying a burning torch from the Temple of Zeus. During the opening ceremony, the last runner carries the torch into the Olympic Stadium. The flame is then lit from the torch and stays lit until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony. It symbolizes Olympic traditions being passed from one generation to the next. 11

12. Olympic Flame The flame was first introduced in 1928 Games. During Ancient Games, the sun rays were used to light the flame. In Modern Games, the torch is used to light the flame. It symbolizes “the light of spirit, knowledge and life”. 12

13. Olympic Awards First three positions holders are awarded gold, silver and bronze medals certificate The next five position holders are awarded certificates only 13

14. Olympic Oath Baron Pierre de Coubertin wrote the oath. First time it was introduced in 1920 Antwerp games. Every athlete promises to play fairly and obey all of the Olympic rules. One athlete from host country takes the oath at the opening ceremonies on behalf of all athletes by holds a corner of the Olympic Flag. "In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams." 14

15. OLYMPIC IDEALS “The important thing in the Olympics is not to win but to take part in true sportsman spirit . Another important thing in life is not to triumph but to struggle.” 15

16. OLYMPIC OBJECTIVES To generate sense of loyalty , brotherhood and team spirit among the participants. To bring the attention of world community to the values of physical education. To bring attention towards competitive sports. T o develop a spirit of international understanding and good will. To promote amateurism among sportsmen. To remove the barriers of cast , creed , religion and colour. To inculcate the idea that sport is a pastime and not an activity for material gains 16

17. VALUES THROUGH OLYMPIC Friendship : Provides opportunities to have friendship among players and countries . Reaches to the citizens of more than 200 countries and applies a fundamental humanistic approach. Solidarity : Creates feeling of brotherhood among citizens of all nations Fair Play : No favour or inclination towards any team Rules & regulation applied to all Check on performance enhancing substance Free of Discrimination : No racial discrimination, No gender discrimination Sportsperson are free to participate in any number of events 17

18. VALUES THROUGH OLYMPIC cont …. Brotherhood: Olympic movement is instrumental in developing brotherhood when players of different countries play together, come together, sit together, dine together—they develop unity among themselves. Thus brotherhood develops. No discrimination: According to the suggestion of Mr. Coubertin, there should not be any discrimination on the basis of caste, colour and creed. Olympic games promote the spirit of brotherhood and try to abolish discrimination. Values: friendship, brotherhood, unbiased sports and partiality free: It can be said that Olympic plays an important role in development of these values but a dark side of Olympics is also seen. Many countries participate in Olympics just to show their superiority on other countries Respect: This value motivates the players to show sportsman spirit. Every player should retrospect and also respect the opponents, rules of game and environment. Excellency: This value motivates a person to give the best performance on field and outside the field. 18

19. International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) It is the supreme authority of Olympic Movement Formed on 23June 1894 in Paris , by Pierre , Baron de Coubertin Headquarters in Switzerland . IOC organizes summer and winter Olympic games every 4 years. First summer Olympic games in Athens , Greece 1896 First winter Olympic games in France, in 1924 IOC started Youth Olympics in 2010 First summer Youth Olympics in Singapore , in 2010 First winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria in 2012 19

20. Members of IOC Nominated persons from the member countries President : Elected by members for a term of 8 years Can be re-elected after completion of term Thomas Bach ,German has become the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee and succeeds Jacques Rogge from 10 September 2013 . Vice-President : 4 Vice-Presidents Elected by members for a term of 4 years Can be re-elected Executive Board : President 4 Vice-Presidents 10 Other members through election 20

21. Main Functions of IOC Decides the date & place of the next Olympics Formulates & updates the rules & regulations of the games & events Promotes ethics in sport & education of youth through sport Ensures the celebration of Olympic Games Protects the independence of Olympic movement Acts against discrimination affecting the Olympic movement Promotes women in sports at all levels Fight against doping in sport Encourages “Sport for all” Opposes political or commercial abuse of sport & athletes 21

22. INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION (IOA) Established in 1927 Sir Dorabji Jamshedji Tata was first founder President of IOA & was elected President in 1928 Dr. Noehren was first founder Secretary General of IOA 4 years term for office bearers In 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games , Netherland ; Indian Hockey Team participated first time and won Gold Medal 22

23. Members of IOA 23

24. Objectives of IOA Development & promotion of Olympic movement Enforcement of Rules & regulations Full charge and control of all matters related to Olympics Encouragement of physical, moral & cultural education of youth Recognizing State Olympic Association & National Sports Federation To undertake all responsibilities like selection, transportation, training, welfare of teams participating in Olympic Games with the help of NSF Take disciplinary action against any federation for misbehavior or any other undesirable activity bringing discredit to the country Enforce & defend the exclusive rights of the Association to use the Olympic Flag & Olympic insignia 24

25. National Sports Award Dronacharya Award, Arjuna Award Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Dhyanchand Award 25

26. DRONACHARYA AWARD Started in 1985 by Govt. of India Given to coaches in the memory of Guru Dronacharya Award consists of : A plaque A scroll of honour A cash prize of 5 lakh rupees (OLD) NEW PRIZE – 15 LAKH RUPEES (2020) Award given only one time, can be posthumously Award can be cancelled at any time by govt. & recipient will have to return the scroll of honour Objectives : To honour the contribution & role of coaches on a regular basis leading towards apex performance To motivate the coaches to work with more focus & dedication to achieve success in international level competitions Nomination : To be invited by Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports from the National Sports Federations by 31st May every year 26

27. Eligibility for Dronacharya Award : (cont.) Individual Events :- The coach whose player/players have achieved following positions Any one of the top three positions at Olympic Games or at World Cup Tournament or at World Championship The player who has broken the world record & is recognised by International Sports Federation The player who has won the gold medal in Asian Games or Commonwealth Games The player who has won the gold medal three times in Asian Championship or Commonwealth Championship Team Events :- Team wins gold, silver or bronze at World Cup, World Championship or in non Olympic Sports Team wins 2 gold medals : 1 in Asian Games & 1 in Asian Championship Team wins 2 gold medals : 1 in Asian Games & 1 in Commonwealth Games Indigenous Sport :- Imparts training to a player or a team of indigenous sport & the team improves the standard of sport during the last three years 27

28. ARJUNA AWARD Started in 1961 by Govt. of India Supreme honour to sports person by Govt. of India Award consists of : A plaque A scroll of honour A cash prize of 5 lakh rupees (OLD) NEW PRIZE 15 LACK RUPEES (2020) Total number of awards in a year restricted to 15 Only International achievements are considered Objectives : To improve the standard of sports in the country Nomination : To be invited by Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports from the National Sports Federations by 31st May every year Any Sport Federation can send list of three player Selection Committee consists of 5 Olympians, 4 Arjuna Awardees, 2 Sports Administrators & 1 Sports Secretary 28

29. ARJUNA AWARD Eligibility To sports persons for achieving extra ordinary position during the year & extra ordinary performance in past three years One award in one sport, but can be given to male & female player of the same sport Award given only one time, can be posthumously Award can be cancelled at any time by govt. & recipient will have to return the scroll of honour 29

30. RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD Started in 1991-1992 by Govt. of India For most outstanding & spectacular performance in the field of sports at international level. Conferred to one or two sports person in a year Award may not be presented every year Award consists of : One medal A Certificate of honour A cash prize of 7.5 lakh rupees ( OLD) N EW PRIZE OF 25 LAKH RUPEES (2020) 30

31. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Eligibility the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year. Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee, T he Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April with not more than two sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. A twelve-member committee evaluates the performances of a sportsperson at various International events like  Olympic Games ,  Paralympic Games ,  Asian Games , and  Commonwealth Games . The committee later submits their recommendations to the  Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports  for further approval. Usually conferred upon only one sportsperson in a year, A few exceptions have been made (1993–1994, 2002, 2009, 2012, and 2016–2020) when multiple recipients were awarded in a year. 31

32. Dhyan Chand Award Started in 2002 by Govt. of India Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games, is the lifetime achievement sporting honour of the  Republic of India . Award consists of : the award comprises a statuette, C ertificate, c eremonial dress, Old cash prixe of 5 lack (old) New cash prize of ₹10 lakh (2020) 32

33. Dhyan chand Award Eligibility the award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like  Olympic Games ,  Paralympic Games ,  Asian Games ,  Commonwealth Games ,  World Championship  and  World Cup  along with  Cricket , Indigenous Games, and  Parasports . The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April. A nine-member committee evaluates the nominations and later submits their recommendations to the  Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports  for further approval Usually conferred upon not more than three sportspersons in a year, A few exceptions have been made (2003, 2012–2013, and 2018–2020) when more recipients were awarded. 33

34. Organisational Set-up of CBSE Sports Constitution of CBSE Sports : CBSE organises cluster level, zonal level & national level annually. Organises under the general direction of CBSE. Chairman of the CBSE is the Chairman of Sports & Games Committee. CBSE Delhi is the headquarter of Sports Committee. General Rules for the organization of Tournaments & Competitions Any sports event may be included or excluded. No team is allowed to take part without physical education teacher. If tournament is suspended due to unavoidable reasons, rescheduling is to be decided by Sports Organizing Committee. All the competitions at cluster & zonal level will be on knockout basis. 34

35. Aim & Objective of CBSE Sports To arrange & organise CBSE Affiliated Inter Schools Sports. To enhance the general standard of the sports in CBSE affiliated schools. To encourage & promote friendly relations among the schools & students. To promote ethical values in the sports persons. To organise refresher, orientation & various training programmes for physical education & recreation teachers. To organise activities for mass participation of the students 35

36. CHACHA NEHRU SPORTS AWARD In 2005 the CBSE Board introduced Chacha Nehru Sports Award for its sporting talents selected O n the basis of their performance during the various CBSE Inter School Sports & Games Competitions. Total 162 scholarship of Rupees 5oo/month. The award would be given to Athletes identified & recommended by the Selection Committee constituted by the Board. Number of scholarships may increase in case of tie in points. Objective It is to identify, recognise, nurture & develop the extra ordinary talent among the students. The financial support in the form of scholarship will motivate the students to excel in their sports activities. Eligibility : Students must be Indian national studying in school located in India of class 9th to 12th . He should not be in receipt of any other scholarship for the same purpose from any other agency. 36

37. PARALYMPICS MOVEMENT The first Paralympic Games were held in Rome, Italy in 1960 and featured 400 athletes from 23 countries. In 1976 Sweden staged the first Paralympic Winter Games. The Games are now the second biggest sporting event in the world. Since the Summer Olympic Games of Seoul, Korea in 1988 and the Winter Olympic Games in Albertville, France in 1992 the Paralympic Games have also taken place in the same cities and venues as the Olympics due to an agreement between the IPC and IOC. Motto “ Spirit in Motion” Symbol : Contains three colors : Red, Blue & Green Colors are in the shape of an agito, the Latin word which means “I Move”. Three agitos circle a central point symbolising athletes coming from all points of the globe. 37

38. PARALYMPICS MOVEMENT Classification IPC has established 10 disability categories Athletes are divided among these categories according to their level of impairment Winter & Summer Games : 22 Sports in Paralympic Summer Games 5 Sports in Paralympic Winter Games Each sport has several events 38

39. Special Olympics It was launched in 1961 Eunice Kennedy. She made commitment for not only making rules and regulations for dealing mental disabilities but to bring mental retardation out of the darkness. The world’s first special Olympic Games were held in July, 1968 in Chicago. Mission The mission of Special Olympics is to provide sports training to children with intellectual disabilities throughout the year. Mainly emphasis is given to continue opportunities to develop physical fitness. The other qualities like to demonstrate courage, experience opportunities to developed. Vision The Special Olympics inspire the children with intellectual disabilities to live life in a better way. 39

40. Importance Of Special Olympics With active participation in sports, the people with intellectual disabilities improve strength, abilities and success. It given opportunity to show the skills and dignity of people with intellectual disabilities. It promotes togetherness. It improves confidence and health. It brings together a large and inclusive community of athletes, supporters and families, coaches, volunteers and many others. It works without thinking about gender, race, religion, economic or education level. Special Olympic have the ability to unite all walks of life. 40

41. THANK YOU 41