Unit-4 Nutraceuticals in Cancer and Hypertension.pptx

Nutraceutical in cancer

1. Unit-4 Presentation by: Ms. Gauri Saxena Assistant Professor Galgotias University

2. Nutraceuticals in prevention of Hypertension

3. Hypertension , is called high blood pressure. It is a condition noticed in a person when the force of the flow of blood in the blood vessels is above normal. The normal systolic and diastolic pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysm. Managing blood pressure is vital for preserving health and reducing the risk of these dangerous conditions. 3 Hypertension

4. High blood pressure usually develops over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting enough regular physical activity.  Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure.  High blood pressure can also happen during pregnancy. 4 Hypertension Causes

5. There are various nutraceuticals helpful in prevention and cure of hypertension: 1) Lycopene- Lycopene consumption produces a significant reduction in BP, serum lipids, and oxidative. Dietary sources include grapefruit, watermelon, tomatoes, guava, pink apricots, and papaya. The recommended daily intake of lycopene is 10–25 mg in food or in a supplement form . 2) Tea- Green tea, black tea, and their respective extracts of active components have demonstrated a reduction in BP in human clinical trials. -The required amount is about 500 mg flavonoid content (two cups of tea/day). -Green tea lowers systemic vascular resistance and induces microvascular vasodilation. 5 Nutraceuticals for Hypertension

6. 3 ) Seaweed - Wakame seaweed is the most popular edible seaweed in Japan. -A daily dose of 3.3 g dried wakame for four weeks significantly reduced BP . -In a study of 62 middle-aged male subjects with mild hypertension seaweed, significant BP reductions occurred at four weeks. 4) Fiber - Clinical trials with various types of fiber to reduce BP. - Soluble fiber, guar gum, guava, psyllium , flax seed, and oat bran may reduce BP . 6

7. Other than that, many people with high blood pressure can lower their blood pressure into a healthy range or keep their numbers in a healthy range by making lifestyle changes. Getting at physical activity each week Not smoking Eating a healthy diet, including limiting sodium (salt) and alcohol Keeping a healthy weight Managing stress 7

8. Nutraceuticals in prevention of Cancer

9. Cancer  is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body . 9 Cancer

10. Normally , cells follow instructions provided by genes. Genes set down rules for cells to follow, such as when to start and stop growing. Cancerous cells ignore the rules that normal cells follow: Normal cells divide and multiply in a controlled manner. Cancerous cells multiply uncontrollably. Normal cells are programmed to die (apoptosis). Cancerous cells ignore those directions. Normal cells for solid organs stay put. All cancerous cells are able to move around. Normal cells don’t grow as fast as cancerous cells. 10 Cancer Cells

11. A benign tumor is made up of cells that don't threaten to invade other tissues. The tumor cells are contained within the tumor and aren't abnormal or very different from surrounding cells . Common benign tumors include : Fibroids, Lipomas , Adenomas etc. Malignant tumors are made of cancer cells that can grow uncontrollably and invade nearby tissues. The cancer cells in a malignant tumor tend to be abnormal and very different from the normal surrounding tissue . Cancerous tumors can occur anywhere in the body. The most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide include: Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Colorectal cancer, Prostate cancer, Stomach cancer etc. 11 Types

12. Cancer starts when a gene or several genes mutate and create cancerous cells. These cells create cancer clusters, or tumors. Cancerous cells may break away from tumors, using your lymphatic system or bloodstream to travel to other areas of your body. (Healthcare providers call this metastasis.) For example, a tumor in your breast may spread to your lungs, making it hard for you to breathe. In some types of blood cancer, abnormal cells in your bone marrow make abnormal blood cells that multiply uncontrollably. Eventually , the abnormal cells crowd out normal blood cells. 12 Reason for Cancer

13. Cancer can be identified by a variety of symptoms. In some cases, symptoms could vary or may not show any signs and symptoms. There are a few general symptoms: Irregular loss of weight Recurrent fever Continuous pain in a certain area or Fatigue Irregular changes in the skin (pigmentation, unusual hair growth, red or yellow skin, blotches etc.) Apart from these, women should watch out for certain symptoms of the cancers that are unique to them: Change in the shape or color of the breast Bleeding out of the menstrual cycle period or Bloating Blood in stool 13 Symptoms of Cancer

14. Vitamin C It reduced the formation of nitrosamine in the intestinal tract, which reduced the incidence of stomach and esophageal cancers significantly The survival time of people treated for terminal cancers has increased. Vitamin E In hyperthermia and chemotherapy, eicosapentaenoic acid improved tumor inhibition by altering the cancer cell membranes, which increased vulnerability. Its source is fish oil. 14 Nutraceuticals and their function in Cancer

15. Lycopene Lycopene is a red carotenoid found in ripe tomatoes, grapefruits, and red watermelon with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties against cancer. Lycopene quenches singlet oxygen, scavenges free radicals, and prevents the oxidative damage of DNA. Thus , it prevents potential transformation of normal cells to cancer cells . It also modulates gene functions, carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, apoptosis, and immune function. 15

16. Selenium This trace element is known for its antitumor genic effects. It is a powerful antioxidant found in enriched white rice, seafood, and whole wheat. Glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme that protects against free radical damage, constitutes selenium. Increased risk of cancer is reported in the world’s soil which is deficient in selenium resulting in low selenium intake. 16

17. Ellagic Acid Ellagic acid is a polyphenol compound extant in many nuts, seeds, and fruits, such as black raspberries, pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, raspberries, and almonds. Ellagic acid has a chemoprotective effect due to strong antioxidant properties, which lead to reducing OS (Oxidative Stress) . It is also indicated that ellagic acid showed chemoprotective , anti-apoptotic, and anticarcinogenic properties that make it interesting for further studies in different disorders particularly cancer cell systems. 17

18. Organosulphur Compounds The beneficial use of A. sativum for the treatment of cancer was first endorsed by the father of western medicine, i.e., Hippocrates. It has defensive possibilities and partakes in enhancing the immune system. It plays an important role in intestinal cancer chemotherapy. Metabolic by-products of organicsulfur constituents of garlic are responsible for its antiproliferative effects 18

19. Curcuma longa (found in turmeric) Curcuma Longa confirms the full gamut of therapeutic effects. It is antitumor, anti-inflammatory,-antioxidant, antimutagenic , antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective . Constituted curcumin hinders the cancer cell’s progress . Curcuminoids extracted from turmeric like curcumin (Di- feruloyl -methane) suppressed cancer cells at each step, i.e., initiation, growth, and metastasis by hindering the malignant cell propagation in G2 /S phase and inducing apoptosis. It also hinders angiogenesis, a rate-limiting step in the metastasis and growth of malignancy 19

20. Thank You! 20