Unit 4 Pakistani Culture Group 2 Hamza.pptx

A brief slide on Pakistani culture

1. Group 2 Hamza Zahid Khizra Shaheen Ahsan Islam Syeda Hibba Fatima Rafay Ahmed Pakistani Society/Pakistan A Cultural Perspective/ Briefing on Group

2. Objectives: At the end of this unit learners will be able to: 1. Discuss the origin and development of Pakistani Society. 2. Describe the structural changes taking place. 3. Discuss the characteristics of Primary units of social life in Pakistan. 4. Explain the Social norms and mores. 5. Describe the Culture in Pakistan. 6. Review Traits, norms, mores, and folkways of the following regions of Pakistan. o Northern areas. o N.W.F.P o Punjab o Sindh o Balochistan

3. Origin of Pakistani Culture Indus Valley Civilization : The roots of Pakistani culture can be traced back to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's oldest urban civilizations. Flourishing around the Indus River basin in present-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, this civilization left behind a legacy of sophisticated urban planning, art, pottery, and trade networks. Elements of their culture, such as the iconic Indus script and artifacts, continue to influence contemporary Pakistani society.

4. Origin of Pakistani Culture Islamic Influence : With the arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent in the 7th century CE, Pakistani culture underwent a significant transformation. The fusion of indigenous traditions with Islamic teachings gave rise to a unique cultural synthesis. Islamic art, architecture, literature, and Sufi mysticism played crucial roles in shaping Pakistani cultural identity. The Mughal Empire, which ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent from the 16th to the 19th centuries, left a profound imprint on the region's culture, particularly in terms of architecture (e.g., the Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort) and cuisine.

5. Origin of Pakistani Culture Regional Diversity : Pakistan's diverse geography, encompassing mountains, plains, deserts, and coastal areas, has contributed to the richness and variety of its cultural expressions. Each region within Pakistan has its own distinct traditions, languages, and customs. For example, Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Baloch, and Kashmiri cultures exhibit unique characteristics, reflecting their historical, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds . Literature, Arts, and Music : Pakistani culture is enriched by a vibrant literary tradition, with celebrated poets and writers producing works in Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, and other languages. Artistic expressions such as painting, calligraphy, pottery, and handicrafts showcase the creativity and craftsmanship of Pakistani artisans. Music, including classical, folk, qawwali, and contemporary genres, serves as a means of cultural expression and social cohesion, transcending linguistic and regional divides .

6. Structural Changes Economic Reforms : Pakistan has been implementing economic reforms aimed at addressing macroeconomic imbalances, improving fiscal management, enhancing revenue generation, and attracting investment. Structural changes in the economy include initiatives to streamline taxation, reduce regulatory hurdles for businesses, privatize state-owned enterprises, and improve the ease of doing business. Digital Transformation : Pakistan has been undergoing a digital transformation, with increasing internet penetration, smartphone adoption, and digitalization of services across various sectors. Structural changes include the expansion of digital infrastructure, adoption of e-governance solutions, promotion of digital payments, and growth of e-commerce platforms.

7. Structural Changes Urbanization and Infrastructure Development : Rapid urbanization has been reshaping Pakistan's demographic landscape, with more people moving to cities in search of economic opportunities. Structural changes include investments in urban infrastructure, transportation networks, housing projects, and sustainable urban planning to accommodate the growing urban population and address infrastructure deficits. Energy Sector Reforms : Pakistan has been undertaking reforms in the energy sector to address power shortages, improve energy efficiency, and diversify energy sources. Structural changes include investments in renewable energy projects, privatization of power distribution companies, tariff rationalization, and regulatory reforms to attract investment in the energy sector.

8. Primary units of social life in pakistan Family : Extended Family Structure : Pakistani families typically follow an extended family structure, with multiple generations living together or in close proximity. This fosters strong kinship ties and interdependence among relatives. Patriarchal Norms : Traditional Pakistani families often adhere to patriarchal norms, where male elders hold authority and decision-making power within the household. Gender roles are typically defined along traditional lines, with men serving as breadwinners and women as caregivers. Emphasis on Honor and Respect : Concepts of honor (izzat) and respect are highly valued within Pakistani families. Upholding family honor through adherence to cultural norms and social expectations is paramount, and respect for elders and family traditions is integral. Collective Responsibility : Pakistani families operate on the principle of collective responsibility, where individuals prioritize the needs of the family over individual interests. This collective ethos extends beyond the nuclear family to encompass the extended kinship network.

9. Primary units of social life in pakistan Community : Strong Social Bonds : Pakistani communities are characterized by strong social bonds and a sense of solidarity among members. These bonds are often based on shared cultural, religious, or ethnic identities, fostering a sense of belonging and mutual support. Informal Support Networks : Community members rely on informal support networks for various needs, such as social assistance, financial support, and emotional solidarity. These networks play a crucial role in providing social welfare in the absence of robust government services. Social Cohesion and Cohabitation : Pakistani communities exhibit social cohesion and cohabitation, with individuals from diverse backgrounds coexisting harmoniously within shared physical spaces. This fosters social integration and intercultural exchange. Role of Community Leaders : Community leaders, such as elders, religious figures, and influential individuals, play significant roles in mediating disputes, preserving social harmony, and representing the collective interests of the community.

10. Social Norms “Social norms are the perceived informal, mostly unwritten, rules that define acceptable and appropriate actions within a given group or community, thus guiding human behaviour.” UNICEF

11. Types of Social Norms Descriptive Norms : These norms define what is commonly observed or practiced within a society. They reflect the behavior that is prevalent among members of a group. For example, if most people in a community greet each other with a handshake, then handshaking becomes a descriptive norm. Prescriptive Norms : Prescriptive norms prescribe what individuals should or should not do in a given situation. They outline the expected or ideal behavior within a society. For instance, prescriptive norms may dictate that individuals should show respect to their elders by addressing them politely.

12. Functions of Social Norms Regulation of Behavior : Social norms provide guidelines for appropriate conduct in social settings, helping individuals navigate interpersonal interactions and avoid conflict or disapproval from others. Social Cohesion : Norms promote cohesion and solidarity within groups by establishing common expectations and fostering a sense of belonging among members. Adherence to shared norms reinforces social bonds and cooperation. Social Control : Norms serve as a mechanism of social control, influencing individuals' behavior through social approval or disapproval, praise, or sanction. Deviating from established norms may result in social stigma or ostracism. Cultural Transmission : Social norms are passed down through generations and play a crucial role in cultural transmission. They shape socialization processes by teaching individuals the values, beliefs, and customs of their society.

13. Culture in Pakistan

14. Traits, norms, mores, and folkways of the following regions of Pakistan. o KPK o Punjab o Sindh o Balochistan

15. KPK

16. Punjab

17. Sindh

18. Balochistan