UNIT 6-DEMOGRAPHY.pptx for 2nd B.Sc nursing

Nursing is a profession which has a comprehensive curriculum and covers all most all academic specialities, one among those is population and study of population which is Demography.
As nurses are integral part ofhealth care delivery system they need to know about population in brief inorder to treat them better.

1. DEMOGRAPHY Mrs.Veena.J.V HOD, Dept. Of community health nursing VINS & RC

2. INTRODUCTION Demography is the branch of social science, which deals with the study of size, structure and distribution of populations, along with the spatial and temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing and death.

3. INTRODUCTION 1 . DEMOS - People. 2 . GRAPHY - To write . Greek word The word was coined by JOHN GRUNT

4. DEFINITION "Demography is the statistical description and analysis of human population" – WRONG Demography is the "statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition and spatial distribution of human populations, and of the changes over time, in these aspects through the operation of the five processes of fertility , mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility" -BOGUE

5. Concepts of demography Change in the population Structure of population Geographical distribution of population

6. SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY Demography helps to measure the health status of people and identify their needs and problems. It helps in comparing the health status of people throughout the world. It ensures quality of life of people. Helps in planning, administration and evaluation of health services and future programs. Helps in recognizing the need for research in the community. Helps in identifying the effectiveness of various systems of medicine. Helps to know the resource availability in specific communities and ways to utilize them.

7. Population dynamics It refers to the study and measurement of population change and components of change overtime Population change is influenced by Birth Death Migration

8. IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY Health status of a community depends upon the dynamic relationship between number of people, their composition& distribution Planning of health services can be guided by demographic variables, for example : How many health units do we need ? How to distribute them in the community in order to be accessible to the target population? What type of manpower is needed?

9. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION • Primary data collection : collection is done by the individual by using the methods such as : • Observation • Interviews • Questionnaires • Diaries

10. CONTI,,,,, Secondary data collection • census • National survey • Registration of vital events • Demographic studies • Records

11. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Presentation of data Textual - (statements with numerals or numbers that serve as supplements to tabular presentation ) Tabular - (a systematic arrangement of related idea in which classes of numerical facts or data are given each rows and their subclasses are given each a column in order to present the relationships of the sets or numerical facts or data in a definite, compact and understandable form ) Graphical – (a chart representing the quantitative variations or changes of variables in pictorial or diagrammatic form)

12. Types of graphs and charts 1. Bar graphs 2 . Linear graphs 3 . Pie graphs 4 . Pictograms 5 . Statistical maps 6 . Ratio charts

13. Analysis A separation of a whole into its constituent parts. The process of breaking up the whole study into its constituent parts of categories according to the specific questions under the statement of the problem.

14. Types of data analysis Qualitative Analysis – is not based on precise measurement and quantitative claims . Quantitative Analysis – is employed on data that have been assigned some numerical value.

15. Interpretation of data Tie up the results of the study in both theory and application by pulling together the: a. conceptual/theoretical framework; b. the review of literature; and c. the study’s potential significance for application . 2. Examine, summarize, interpret and justify the results; then, draw inferences. Consider the following:

16. Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data 1. The chapter is organized and divided into several main components or topics, each of which is titled according to the sub-problem or hypothesis statement. 2. Present only relevant data. 3 . In reporting data, choose the medium that will present them effectively. 4 . Presenting tables that can be presented as well in a few sentences in the text must be avoided.

17. 5 . The textual presentation should supplement or expand the contents of tables and charts, rather than duplicate them. 6 . Only objective data embodied in tables are made the bases of discussion . 7. The analysis of the data should be objective and logical . 8 . In analyzing and interpreting data, point out those that are consistent or inconsistent with the theory presented in the study’s theoretical framework .

18. 9 . In reporting statistical tests of significance, include information concerning the value of the test, the degree of freedom, the probability level and the direction of the effect 10 . The findings are compared and contrasted with that of other previous studies and interpretations are made thereof.

19. DEMOGRAPHY CYCLE DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE HIGH STATIONARY EARLY EXPANDING LOW EXPANDING LOW STATIONARY DECLINING

20. DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS 1. Measurement of Mortality. 2 . Measurement of Morbidity. 3 . Measurement of disability. 4 . Measurement of natality . 5 . Measurement of the presence, absence or distribution of the characteristics or attributes of the disease .

21. CONTI,,,, 6. Measurement` of medical needs, health care facilities, utilization of health services and other health related events . 7 . Measurement of the presence, absence or distribution of the environmental and other factors suspected of causing the disease . 8. Measurement of demographic variables .

22. TOOLS OF MEASUREMENT An epidemiologist usually expresses the health event as RATES , RATIOS or PROPOTION.

23. RATE • A rate measures the occurrence of some particular event in a population during a given period of time. • It is the statement of the risk of developing a condition . • It indicates the change in some event that takes place in a population over a period of time . DEATH RATE = NUMBER OF DEATHS X 1000 MID YEAR POP

24. RATIO Ratio expresses a relation in size between two random quantities . E.g = x : y (or) x/y . The number of children with scabies at a certain time. The number of children with malnutrition at a certain time

25. PROPORTION A Proportion is a ratio which indicates the relation in magnitude of a part of the whole. • The numerator and denominator are always included. • A Proportion is usually expressed as percentage. Eg : The number of children with scabies at a certain time X 100 The total number of children in the village at the same time

26. FORMULAE

27. USES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Analysis patterns and trends related to human religion, nationality, education and ethnicity . • Estimates are reliable standards for judging the accuracy of the census information gathered at any time . Estimates size and flow of populations ; in population ecology , the focus is on birth, death and movement of firms and institutional forms. • Uses administrative records to develop an independent estimate of the population.

28. CONTI,,,,, • Provides insight into the links between these characteristics and cultural , economic, geographic and other social attributes present in a given area. • Demographic analysis is a powerful tool that can explain a number of sociological phenomena. • Used to establish the percentage of the total population involved in a particular resource use activity, such as fishing or tourism. • Apply to whole societies or to groups defined by criteria such as education , nationality, religion and ethnicity.

29. CONTI,,,,, • Analyzes the relationship between economic , social, cultural and biological process influencing a population . • Time and age have special relationships in population studies, from which cross sectional and cohort analysis are developed . • Relates to whole societies or to a smaller groups defined such as education , religion or ethnicity. • Develops targeted outreach and training activities for local communities.

30. FLOOR IS OPEN FOR DISCUSSION

31. MANY THANKS