Unit-6-Final-answers 20072018- Applicaton of WSN.ppt

wireless sensor network

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9.1
Welcome to:
Wireless Sensor Network and IOT
Unit 6: Applications of WSN
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Unit objectives
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
1.Understand the concepts of IPv6, CoAP, IoT
2.Describe the Building automation application of WSN
3.Describe the Smart Agriculture application of WSN
4.Describe the Perimeter monitoring application of WSN
5.Describe the Object tracking application of WSN
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What this unit is about
• The unit explains the fundamentals of IPv6, CoAP protocols, IoT concepts, and applications using Wireless Sensor networs.
•1. IPv6, CoAP
1. Features of IPv6
• 2. Transition, Addressing, Routing of IPv6
• 3. Introduction to CoAP
•2. IoT
• 1. IoT verticals
• 2. Horizontal IoT architecture
• 3. Connectivity technologies
•3. Building Automation application
• 1. Architecture
2. Contiki OS
3. BAS integration with WSN
•4. Smart Agriculture Application
1.Architecture
2.WSN Node deployment
3. Implementation
•5. Object Tracking Application
1.Architecture, Algorithms
2 Sensor types
3. tracking target and Technology
•6. Perimeter monitoring Application
1.Detection
2.tracking
3. testing and Maintenance

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Course description
•Purpose: To introduce IoT and various applications using Wireless sensor network
•Audience: Students who have basic knowledge algorithms and Wireless Sensor network
•Perquisite: Fundamental knowledge on Computer and communication technology
•Course objectives:
1.Introduce IoT concepts and protocols associated
2.Describe various Applications using WSN
3.Analysis of various applications
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Overview
•1. IPv6, CoAP
1. Features of IPv6
• 2. Transition, Addressing, Routing of IPv6
• 3. Introduction to CoAP
•2. IoT
• 1. IoT verticals
• 2. Horizontal IoT architecture
• 3. Connectivity technologies
•3. Building Automation application
• 1. Architecture
2. Contiki OS
3. BAS integration with WSN
•4. Smart Agriculture Application
1.Architecture
2.WSN Node deployment
3. Implementation
•5. Object Tracking Application
1.Architecture, Algorithms
2 Sensor types
3. tracking target and Technology
•6. Perimeter monitoring Application
1.Detection
2.tracking
3. testing and Maintenance
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IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) and widely
deployed.
IPv6 was originally developed to overcome the address problems of IPv4.
This protocol works in the Network Layer and also offers abundant logical addresses.

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IPv6 Features
•Bigger Address Space
•Simplified Header
•End-to-end Connectivity
•Auto Configuration
•Faster Forwarding/Routing
•No Broadcast
•Anycast Support
•Mobility
•Enchanced Priority Support
•Smooth Transition
•Extensibility

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Unicast
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Multicast
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Anycast
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Hexadecimal Number System
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Address Structure
•An IPv6 address is made of 16 bytes divided into eight 16-bits blocks where each block is
dividend into 4-digit Hexadecimal numbers separated by colons.
•An example for IPv6 address in binary format is shown below.
•1010101111001101 0000000000000000 0010000000011000
1101110010111010 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000001000100 1111101011011110
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Block Diagram of IPv6 Fixed Header
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•Despite being four times larger than IPv4, the header of IPv6 is only as twice as bigger than
IPv4.

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•Global Unicast Address
•Global Routing Prefix:
•Link Local Address
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Contd..

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Contd..
•Unique Local Address
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Scope of different address
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Transition to IPv6
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•Tunneling
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Network address Translation
•The translations are done by the device for a particular destination host.
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IPv6 - Routing
•The routing protocols have been redefined accordingly in IPv6 keeping the same concepts of
routing.
•The process of forwarding a data which is routable while selecting the best route among
other accessible paths or routes to a destination is known as routing and the device that does
the work of forwarding data that is not destined to it explicitly is known as a router.
•There exist two types of routing protocols
•Distance Vector Routing Protocol
•Link-State Routing Protocol
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The routing protocols classifification
•Interior Routing Protocol:
•This category protocols are using organization or autonomous systems to hand out routes to
the devices (routers) inside a specific partition.
•Examples: OSPF, RIP.
•Exterior Routing Protocol:
•This category protocols are used to distribute information between different organizations or
autonomous systems.
•Examples: BGP.
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ICMPV6 vs DHCPV6 Vs DNS
•ICMPv6: This protocol is an upgradation of Internet Control Message Protocol to support
IPv6 and accommodate its requirements
•DHCPv6: This protocol is an upgradation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to support
IPv6 requirements.
•DNS: DNS doesn’t have a new version but is not upgraded with extentions to support IPv6
address quiery. To reply to the query messages, quad-A record is added.
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CoAP
•RFC 7252 Constrained Application Protocol
•REST model for small IoT devices
•Skills reuse
•Ready for integration
•Choose your data model
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Contd..
•Made for billions of nodes
•Application Level QoS
•Utilizes memory efficiently
•Service Discovery
•Security
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IoT
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IoT verticals
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Connectivity technologies
•There are 3 important drivers concerning IoT
•-Coverage
•-Power consumption
•-Cost
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Short ranged wireless
•Bluetooth
•ZigBee
•Z-WAVE
•6LOWPAN
•Wi-Fi
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Contd..
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CELLULAR (IoT)
•LTE-M
•NBIoT
•EC-GSM
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Contd..
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BUILDING AUTOMATION
•Building automation are used for reducing the operation costs and improving the climate
conditions in the buildings.
•Integration of wireless sensor networks and building automation has numerous advantages.
•The Contiki Operating System
•This is an operating system designed for limited resource devices such as wireless sensor
nodes.
• The overall system memory requirements are reduced using an event based kernel by
sharing common stack with all processes used.
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BUILDING AUTOMATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
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BAS Integration with WSN
•It is preferable to use existing BAS standards for building automation as any future protocol
updates will be compatible and can be incorporated easily. There are several BAS protocols
for building automation such as LonWorks, OPC, KNX, BACnet
 and Modbus protocols.
•BACnet is a communications protocol for Building Automation and Control networks that
leverage the ASHRAE, ANSI, and ISO 16484-5 standard protocol. This protocol can be easily
implemented on resource constrained wireless sensor nodes which feature 2 Kilobytes of
RAM and as low as 60 Kilobytes of storage.
•a number of objects are specified by BACnet standard which are used for various purposes
such as managing digital and analog inputs and outputs, collecting patterns, operation
scheduling etc. A special device called “device object” is to be implemented by every device
that describes the device.
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Contd..
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Analysis of Stack usage
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SMART AGRICULTURE
•Cultivating and yielding quality crops are becoming a very difficult task for farmers due to
sudden and unpredictable climate changes, and increasing cost of the seeds.
• The damage and loss components are also higher due to sudden changes in the
environment. Therefore, precision agriculture practices should be followed to overcome these
challenges.
•This type of agriculture involves modification of the resources required for the crops in
accordance with the climatic changes in the environment
•For the protection of crops, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the crops which is
not possible manually.
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The frame structure of API configuration(zigbee)
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Wireless Sensor Network
•Distributed Sensor Network
•Web Integration
•network processing using algorithms
•Wireless Sensor Network Node Deployment
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•The comparison between different node deployments
•Wireless Sensor Networks Routing protocols
•Reactive routing protocols
•The burden in the networks are greatly reduced by these type of protocols by optimizing the
routes between different nodes.
–AODV : an acknowledgement also knows as node forward route request is sent to the destination
node by the source node to send data. There are different phases such as route discovery,
management, and maintenance are used.
–DSR : In this type of protocol, the source node would have already tracked the route to the destination
before sending the data and uses route discovery and maintenance mechanisms.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
•Transmitter end Receiver end
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OBJECT TRACKING
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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
•The architecture of the network can be classified into the
following categories:
–“Tree based architecture”
–“Cluster based architecture”
–“Decentralized architecture”
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•PREDICITON HEURISTICS
•In this type of system, the current node predicts the route of the target and wakes up the
nodes sleeping in the location where the object to be tracked is moving. The “miss rate” and
“energy consumption” are the critical parameters for the efficiency for prediction based
algorithms.
•“The heuristics reflect the prediction model that can be used for the prediction based object
tracking in Wireless sensor networks which are as follows:”
-Heuristic INSTANE
-Heuristic AVERAGE
-Heuristic EXP_AVG
•SENSOR SCHEDULING
•In this type of system, the waking and sleeping of the sensor nodes are schedules in contrast
to prediction based systems. There is a trade-off between “tracking performance” and
“sensor usage” in this type of system and this trade-off is determined by algorithms used to
select the specific of nodes to be awakened or put to sleep.
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SENSOR TYPES
•The types of sensors used for the application of object tracking can be classified into 2 types
–“Ordinary sensors”
–“Binary sensors”
•Ordinary sensors:
•These types of sensors are usually used to collect “signal values”. Therefore, the velocity,
direction, and the distance values can be measured using the signal strength values
measured by the sensors.
•Binary sensors:
•These types of sensors can either have a low value or a high value. These sensors respond
by sending 0 or 1 value whenever an object is inside the sensor’s detection range thus
making the tracking more difficult as wrong signalling is possible whenever an object is near
the border area of the detection range of the sensor.
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PERIMETER MONITORING
•Perimeter monitoring is an application of wireless sensor networks where a network of sensor
nodes is used to track intruders and monitor a specific defined area.
•The outermost perimeter is active and in high energy use mode as it is continuously tracking
the movements.
•This system should be capable of detecting a person entering the perimeter, monitor the
movement and alarm the operator of the intruder, and also capture the video feed or still
images of the intruder.
•The various elements associated with Perimeter monitoring
–Detection
–Tracking
–Alarm system
–Testing and Maintenance
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SENSOR NODE
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VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS FOR PERIMETER
MONITORING SYSTEM
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Checkpoint
1.List the features of IPv6
2.Breifly explain CoAP and its features
3.What is IoT? State the contents of Horizontal IoT architecture
4.What are the various IoT Connectivity technologies
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Checkpoint solutions
Ans:3) The interconnection via a network(Internet) of computing devices embedded in
everyday objects, enabling them to transmit and receive data is known as IoT.
•The contents of IoT horizontal architecture are:
•Things layer
•Connectivity layer
•Platform layer: contains different types of management platform.
•- Connectivity management platform- authentication, authorization and accounting
•- Device management platform- firmware update fault management, seamless new device
registration.
•- Data collection management- collect and classify the data from devices and forward the
needed data to right application.
-Application Enablement platform- enable creation of application quickly and cost effectively.
•Analytics layer
•Application layer
)
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Unit summary
Having completed this unit, you should be able to:
1.Understand the concepts of IPv6, CoAP, IoT
2.Describe the Building automation application of WSN
3.Describe the Smart Agriculture application of WSN
4.Describe the Perimeter monitoring application of WSN
5.Describe the Object tracking application of WSN
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