Unit- I; Anatomy and Physiology of Brain Ventricles.pptx

Students will get the knowledge of : brain ventricles meaning, location and function of ventricles, formation and flow of CSF

1. Ventricles of brain Anatomy of ventricles of brain CSF By : Mr. Vishal Singh (Assistant Professor , KIPS-Kanpur)

2. Ventricles of brain

3. Ventricles of brain The brain contains a sequence of 4 cavities called ventricles, that helps in the formation and secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CSF is secreted by CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates through ventricles There is one lateral ventricle in each hemisphere, the 3 rd ventricle in the diencephalon and 4 th ventricle is between pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

4. Ventricles of brain The lateral ventricles connected to 3 rd ventricle by interventricular foramen while 3 rd and 4 th ventricles are connected to each other by cerebral aqueduct The 4 th ventricle is further connected to subarachnoid space by lateral apertures

5. The Lateral Ventricle The lateral ventricle lies in all lobes of cerebrum Anterior horn: frontal lobe Body: parietal lobe Posterior horn: occipital lobe Inferior horn: temporal lobe Anteriorly the lateral ventricle is connected to roof of corpus callosum and head of caudate nucleus of thalamus The lateral ventricles are separated to each other by septum pellucidum

6. The Choroid plexus The choroid plexus resides in the innermost layer of the meninges (pia mater) which is in close contact with the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. It is a highly organized tissue that lines all the ventricles of the brain except the frontal/occipital horn of the lateral ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct.

7. The 4 th ventricle The fourth ventricle is nearly a diamond shaped cavity lined by ependymal cells and with CSF It is continued with cerebral aqueduct of midbrain above and central canal of medulla and spinal cord below Situated anteriorly with the cerebellum and posteriorly with the pons and medulla

8. Functions of ventricle of the brain

9. The Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord within the skull and spinal column. It is produced in the ventricles of the brain, specifically the lateral ventricles, and circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord. The production and circulation of CSF are critical for maintaining the health and proper functioning of the central nervous system; disruptions in the production can lead to variety of problems such as hydrocephalus, meningitis, and other conditions.. Reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the bloodstream happens in structures located in the outer layer of the meninges. These structures are called arachnoid granulations.

10. The Cerebrospinal fluid- composition It is composed of a variety of substances, including: Water : about 99% of its volume Electrolytes : including Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ that help to maintain the proper balance of fluid and electrolytes Glucose : provides energy to the brain and other nervous tissue. Proteins : including albumin, immunoglobulins, and enzymes, that regulates of neurotransmitter activity Waste products : including excess neurotransmitters and metabolic waste products Other substances : CSF may also contain hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances that are important for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

11. The Cerebrospinal fluid- functions Protection : CSF provides a cushioning effect to protect the brain and spinal cord from mechanical shock or trauma. Buoyancy : CSF helps to support the weight of the brain, reducing the pressure on the delicate nervous tissue. Waste removal : CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain and spinal cord, including excess neurotransmitters, metabolic waste products, and other substances that can be harmful to the nervous system. Nutrient transport : CSF helps to transport nutrients to the nervous tissue, providing important nourishment for the proper functioning of the brain and spinal cord. Immune function : CSF contains immune cells that help to protect the central nervous system from infection and other diseases.

12. References : Tortora’s principles of anatomy and physiology; chapter- 14 image source- www Any doubts ?

13. Thank You