UNIT I - DEMOCRATIC VALUES

World Democracies: French Revolution, American Independence, Indian Freedom Movement.

1. GE3791 – HUMAN VALUES AND ETHICS Mr. Mohanraj K S Assistant Professor Dept of Mechanical Engg Jai Shriram Engineering College 1 Jai Shriram Engineering College

2. World Democracies French Revolution American Independence Indian Freedom Movement 2 Jai Shriram Engineering College

3. French Revolution The French Revolution was a period of major social upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. Jai Shriram Engineering College 3

4. Impact of French Revolution It ended the monarchy in France and established democracy. Jai Shriram Engineering College 4

5. Estates General Jai Shriram Engineering College 5 an assembly representing France’s clergy, nobility and middle class – for the first time since 1614.

6. The  Estates-General of 1789  was a meeting of the  three estates of pre-revolutionary France : clergy, nobility, and commons. Summoned by King  Louis XVI of France  (r. 1774-1792) to deal with financial and societal crises, it ended with the Third Estate breaking from royal authority and forming a National Assembly. It is generally considered the start of the  French Revolution  (1789-1799). Jai Shriram Engineering College 6

7. The Third Estate carries the burden of the other two. Jai Shriram Engineering College 7

8. Tennis Court Pledge Jai Shriram Engineering College 8

9. signed by all the members of the Third Estate [the National Assembly] except for one on June 20, 1789. They all met in a tennis court where they promise to make a constitution for France and they would stay together until the constitution was written. The Tennis Court Oath declared that the sovereignty of France did not depend on the king but in the people. Jai Shriram Engineering College 9

10. The Bastille Jai Shriram Engineering College 10

11. The Bastille Jai Shriram Engineering College 11

12. The Bastille In an event symbolizing the start of the French Revolution,  citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille prison  and released the seven prisoners inside. Jai Shriram Engineering College 12

13. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Jai Shriram Engineering College 13

14. Statement of democratic principles grounded in the philosophical and political ideas of  Enlightenment  thinkers Jai Shriram Engineering College 14

15. Reign of Terror Jai Shriram Engineering College 15

16. Reign of Terror The  Reign of Terror , or simply the Terror ( la Terreur ), was a climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the  French Revolution  (1789-99), which saw the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary 'suspects' between September 1793 and July 1794.  Jai Shriram Engineering College 16

17. French Revolution Jai Shriram Engineering College 17

18. French Revolution Jai Shriram Engineering College 18

19. American Independence Jai Shriram Engineering College 19

20. The  American Revolution  was an  insurrection  carried out by 13 of  Great Britain ’s  North American  colonies that began in 1775 Jai Shriram Engineering College 20

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23. French and Indian War (1754–1763) Jai Shriram Engineering College 23

24. French and Indian War (1754–1763) The war gave Great Britain a lot of land in North America, but disputes over frontier policy and paying for the war led to discontent among the colonists. Jai Shriram Engineering College 24

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28. British reforms and colonial resistance (1763–1772) Events like the Stamp Act (1765), the Townshend Acts (1767), and the Boston Massacre (1770) angered the colonists.  Jai Shriram Engineering College 28

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31. In December 1773, the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Indians, threw 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor in an event known as the Boston Tea Party. In response, the British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, which were aimed at Massachusetts but many colonists saw as a threat to liberty.  Jai Shriram Engineering College 31

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