Unit-I.-Lesson-0-Understanding-the-Self-with-GAD-Final.pptx

understanding the self

1. Understanding the SELF with GAD by: NENITA V. FLORES

2. Understanding the Self The course includes three parts: The SELF from various perspectives. Unpacking the SELF 1 2 Managing and caring for the SELF 3

3. SELF from Various Perspectives Philosophical Sociological Anthropological Psychogical Eastern and Western Perspective

4. Unpacking the SELF Physical Self Sexual Self Material/Economic Self Spiritual Self Political Self Digital Self

5. Managing and caring for the SELF Learning to be a better Student Taking Charge of one’s Health How to plan your finances

6. Understanding the SELF The self is your main companion in living in this world. Who you are, who you want to be, who society wants you to be, and who you can be are some of the ideas we will explore. The self is freaking complex “Know thyself”

7. Philosophical Perspective of the Self From Socrates to Freud

8. Explain the role of philosophy in understanding the self. 1 Discuss the different concepts of the self from the philosophical perspective 2 Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify their similarities 3 At the end of the topic, you are expected to: Develop your own philosophy of the self 4

9. What is Philosophy? Etymology: Greek Philos – love ; Sophia – wisdom “love of wisdom” The study of the basic/ fundamental principles of life, knowledge, reality , existence , morality , human nature, etc ., through the use of logic and reason Philosophy employs the inquisite mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything The nature of the self is a topic of interest among philosophers.

10. Philosophy Socrates suggest to “know thyself.” What is self and the qualities that define it? Philosophers agree that self-knowledge is a pre-requisite to a happy and meaningful life.

11. Pre-socratic Socratic Medieval Age Modern Contemporary

12. Cosmo-Centric

13. Cosmo-Centric There is a fundamental principle/thing that underlies everything else , including the human self : Thales : Water Anaximander: Apeiron – “Boundless Something” Anaximenes : Air Democritus: Atom Heraclitus: Fire Anaxagoras: Mind Pythagoras: Numbers Pre-Socratic Time

14. Ancient Greek Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

15. Socrates “An unexamined life is not worth living” For ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, the self is synonymous with the soul (Psyche). The soul is immortal. Socrates believed that every human possessed an immortal soul. Human life does not end at one’s death. Socrates explained that death is the departure of the soul for the eternal world.

16. Dichotomous Realms Two Aspects of Reality Physical world : changeable, transient, and imperfect; World of Senses/Matter Spiritual world: unchanging, eternal, perfect; The World of Ideas/Form

17. Socrates-How to be human was the first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self: who we are, who we should be, and who we will become. The soul strives for wisdom and perfection, and reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted state of life Our preoccupation with bodily needs such as food, drink, sex, pleasure, material possessions, and wealth keep us from attaining wisdom

18. Socrates-How to be human Goodness or beauty is the most important of all. A person can have a meaningful and happy life only if he becomes virtuous and knows the value of himself that can be achieved through constant soul-searching. For him, this is best achieved when one tries to separate the body from the soul as much as possible. The Socratic method, the so-called introspection, is a method of carefully examining our thoughts and emotions- to gain self-knowledge.

19. Plato Almost same as Socrates with some add-ons The self consists of three parts: reason, spirit or passion, and physical appetite. Reason - the divine essense that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths. (wisdom) P hysical appetite -accounts for our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire. S pirit or P assion - accounts for the basic emotions suc h as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

20. Plato-Conflict of the Self These three elements of ourselves are in a dynamic relationship with one another, sometimes in conflict. When conflict occurs, Plato believes that it is the responsibility of our Reason to sort things out and exert control, restoring a harmonious relationship among the three elements of ourselves. Plato believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that their Reason is in control of their Spirits and Appetites.

21. Aristotle For Aristotle, the body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing. The soul is simply the Form of the body and is not capable of existing without the body. The soul is that which makes a person a person. The soul is the essence of the self. Without the body the soul cannot exist. The soul dies along with the body.

22. Aristotle The mind (self) is a TABULARASA (a blank tablet) The self consists of matter and form; matter is in a continuous process of developing and becoming. The process of completion is through experiences as knowledge is acquired through the senses

23. Aristotle-On the Soul Aristotle suggested that anything with life has a soul. Three kinds of soul: Vegetative-the physical body; allows things to grow Sentient-sensual desires, feelings, and emotions Rational-what makes us human; includes intellect that makes man know and understand things Aristotle suggests that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling life

24. Question: Is the self related to a supreme being/God? Who am I in relation to a supreme being/God?

25. Theo-Centric

26. From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world ( cf. afterlife ) 500 AD to 1350 Influence from ancient thought: The (human) self endures through time. Theo-Centric

27. Rather imposing than informing,because it was trying to aim at paganism and barbarism. There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim) Theo-Centric

28. The Christian philosophy of a transcendent God: the self strives to Achieve union with God through faith and reason. The finite, temporary world of Plato becomes a proving ground for our eternal destinies: such that the human person becomes whole with both body and soul . Theo-Centric

29. Question: How can I be sure that the self exists? What are the proofs that the self exists?

30. AnthropoCentric

31. Centered on the human person Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ excessive reliance on authority Period of radical social, political and intellectual developments Genuine knowledge has to be based on independent rational inquiry and real world experimentation AnthropoCentric Modern Philosophy

32. “Cogito ergo sum.” – “I think, therefore, I am.” Self: A thinking thing Self: can exist independently of the body – But doesn’t deny the association of the body to the self Dualism: thinking (spiritual) self vs. physical body AnthropoCentric René Descartes: A Rationalist

33. Knowledge originates in our direct sense experience. Reason plays a subsequent role in figuring out the significance of our sense experience and in reaching intelligent conclusions. The self is not necessarily embedded in a single substance or soul, but exists in space and time, but the self endures because of memory. Conscious awareness and memory of previous experiences are the keys to understanding the self. AnthropoCentric John Locke: An Empiricist

34. Founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology The SELF is multi-tiered/multi-layered: Conscious Preconscious Unconscious AnthropoCentric Sigmund Freud

35. Behaviorism: No more dichotomy by denying the inner selves, immortal souls, states of consciousness , or unconscious entities . The self is a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances . AnthropoCentric Gilbert Ryle: A Physicalist

36. Question: Describe what happens to you when you fall in love—physically, emotionally, mentally (cognitively).

37. Late 19th century Political revolution and Industrial Revolution Scientific advancements and growth of materialism More humanist as a response to the so-called alienation of the human person. AnthropoCentric Contemporary Philosoph y

38. The father of Phenomenology We experience our self as a unity in which the mental and physical are seamlessly woven together . AnthropoCentric Edmund Husserl

39. “lived body ” An entity that can never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way , as opposed to the “body as object” of the dualists. AnthropoCentric Maurice Merleau-Ponty

40. Both Husserl and Merleau-Ponty agree that our living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology . Phenomenological approach : describe the phenomena of the lived experience by describing what your immediate responses are — physically , emotionally, cognitively . AnthropoCentric Embodied Subjectivity

41. Assignment for next week: Which among these philosophies can you relate with? How do they affect the way you see yourself? Write on a short bond paper. Submit on next meeting.