Unit ii projection of planes

introduction of engineering graphics ,projection of points,lines,planes,solids,section of solids,development of surfaces,isometric projection,perspective projection

1. Dr.R. GANESAMOORTHY.B.E.,M.E.,Ph.d.
Professor –Mechanical Engineering
SaveethaEngineering College, Tandalam
Chennai.
9 October 2018 1Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

2. What is Projection of Planes
Aplaneisatwodimensionalobjecthavinglengthand
breadthonly.Itsthicknessisalwaysneglected.Various
shapesofplanefiguresareconsideredsuchassquare,
rectangle,circle,pentagon,hexagon,etc.
9 October 2018 2Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

3. Projection of Planes
Meaning of Trace of a Plane
It is defined as the extension of a given plane shape to
the reference plane (HP or VP) to which it is
perpendicular or inclined.
The plane meets the HP or VP as a line. This line is
called trace of a plane.
Horizontal Trace(HT) &Vertical Trace (VT) a plane.
The line in which the plane shape meets the HP is
called HT.
The line in which the plane shape meets the VP is
called as VT.
9 October 2018 3Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

4. Orientation of Planes in Space
The following position of Planes in space
❖Planes Parallel to VP and Perpendicular to HP
❖Planes Perpendicular to VP and Parallel to HP
❖Planes Parallel to both VP and HP or
both Perpendicular VP and HP
❖Planes Perpendicular to VP and Inclined to HP
❖Planes Inclined to VP and Perpendicular to HP
❖Planes Inclined to both VP and HP
9 October 2018 4Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

5. Notations of object in Planes
Following notations should be followed while
naming different views projections of planes.
Object Point
It’s top view a , b, c ,…
It’s front view a’ , b’, c’,…
It’s side view a’’, b’’, c’’,…
9 October 2018 5Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

6. Position in Projection of Planes
1.A plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP
9 October 2018 6Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

7. Position in Projection of Planes
2.A plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP
9 October 2018 7Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

8. Position in Projection of Planes
3.A plane perpendicular to both VP and HP
9 October 2018 8Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

9. Position in Projection of Planes
4. A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 9Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

10. Position in Projection of Planes
5. A plane inclined to VP and perpendicular HP
9 October 2018 10Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

11. Position in Projection of Planes
6. A plane inclined to both VP and HP
9 October 2018 11Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

12. Position in Projection of Planes
6. A plane inclined to both VP and HP
9 October 2018 12Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

13. Position in Projection of Planes
A plane resting on one of its base side on HP
A plane resting on one of its base side on VP
9 October 2018 13Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

14. Position in Projection of Planes
A plane resting on one of its corner on HP
A plane resting on one of its corner on VP
9 October 2018 14Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

15. Problems in Projection of Planes
1.A square lamina ABCD of side 40mm is perpendicular
to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections
Plane is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP
9 October 2018 15Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

16. Problems in Projection of Planes
2.An equilateral triangle ABC of 50 mm side is parallel to VP
and 15 mm in front of V.P, its base AB is parallel and 75 mm
above H.P.Drawthe projections of the triangle when the
corner is near the H.P
Plane is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP
9 October 2018 16Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

17. Problems in Projection of Planes
3.A square lamina ABCD of side 40mm is perpendicular
to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections
Plane is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP
9 October 2018 17Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

18. Problems in Projection of Planes
4.An equilateral triangle ABC of 50 mm side has its plane
parallel to H.P and side AB parallel to V.P Draw its
projections when the corner C is 15 mm from H.P and 45mm
from the V.P
Plane is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP
9 October 2018 18Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

19. Problems in Projection of Planes
5.ArectangleABCDofsize40x25hasthecornerA,10mm
aboveHPand15mminfrontofVP.Allthesidesoftherectangle
areinclinedat45
0
toHPandparalleltoVP.Drawtheprojection
oflamina.
A plane inclined to HP and parallel to VP
9 October 2018 19Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

20. Problems in Projection of Planes
6.Apentagonalplateofside30mmisplacedwithonesideon
theHPandthesurfaceinclinedat50
0
toHPandperpendicular
toVP.Drawtheprojectionoflamina.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 20Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

21. Problems in Projection of Planes
7.Acircularplateofdiameter50mmisrestingnontheHPona
pointonthecircumferencewithitssurfaceinclinedat45
0
toHP
andperpendiculartoVP.Drawtheprojectionoflamina.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 21Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

22. Problems in Projection of Planes
8.Acircleofdiameter50mminclinedat30
0
toHPand
perpendiculartoVP.Hasitscentre30mminfrontofVP.Draw
theprojectionoflaminaandsideview.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 22Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

23. Problems in Projection of Planes
9.Aregularhexagonof25mmsideandHasitsalaminais
perpendiculartoVPandinclinedat40
0
HP.Drawthethree
views.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 23Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

24. Problems in Projection of Planes
10.Apentagonalplateofside30mmisplacedwithonesideon
theHPandthesurfaceinclinedat50
0
toHPandperpendicular
toVP.Drawtheprojectionoflamina.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 24Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

25. Problems in Projection of Planes
11.Ahexagonalplateofside30mmsidehasacornerat20mm
fromVPand50mmfromHP.Itssurfaceisinclinedat50
0
toVP
andperpendiculartoHP.Drawtheprojectionoflamina.
A plane inclined to VP and perpendicular HP
9 October 2018 25Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

26. Problems in Projection of Planes
12.Drawtheprojectionsofacircularlaminaof30mmdiameter.
Thelaminaisinclinedaanangleof45°toV.Pand25mmabove
HPincentreofcircularlaminaand15mminfrontofVP
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 26Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

27. Problems in Projection of Planes
13.ArectangleABCD30x60isperpendiculartoVPandinclined
at45
0
HPDrawtheprojectionoflamina.
A plane inclined to HP and perpendicular VP
9 October 2018 27Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

28. Problems in Projection of Planes
14.Drawtheprojectionsofacircularlaminaof50mmdiameter.
Thelaminaisinclinedaanangleof40°toV.Pandliesina
plane.
A plane inclined to VP and perpendicular HP
9 October 2018 28Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

29. Problems in Projection of Planes
14.Drawtheprojectionsofahexagonallaminaof30mmside
hasacornerat20mmfromtheVPand50mmfromtheHP.Its
surfaceisinclinedat45°toV.PandperpendicularHP.
A plane inclined to VP and perpendicular HP
9 October 2018 29Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

30. Problems in Projection of Planes
15.A square lamina PQRS of side 40mm is perpendicular to
VP and HP. Draw its projections
A plane perpendicular both VP and HP
9 October 2018 30Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

31. Problems in Projection of Planes
16 .A semicircle of diameter, CD = 50 is kept in the 1
st
quadrant
such that its diameter is perpendicular to V.P and H.P, Draw its
projections, when the diameter is near V.P, distance of diameter
from H.P is 15 mm and from V.P is 20mm
A plane perpendicular to both VP and HP
9 October 2018 31Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

32. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
17.Rectangle 30mm and 50mm sides is resting on HP on one
small side which is at 30°inclined to VP. while the surface of the
plane makes at 45°inclination with HP. Draw it’s projections.
9 October 2018 32Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

33. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
18. A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on HP on one
of it’s sides with it’s surface 45°inclined to HP. Draw it’s
projections when the side in HP makes 30°angle with VP.
9 October 2018 33Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

34. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
19. A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on HP on one
of it’s sides while it’s opposite vertex (corner) is 30 mm above
HP. Draw projections when side in HP is 30°inclined to VP.
9 October 2018 34Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

35. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
20. A rectangular plate of 60x40 mm has one of its shorter edge
in the VP and inclined 40°to the HP. Draw its top view is a
square of side 40 mm.
9 October 2018 35Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

36. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
21. A square plate ABCD of 50mm side has one of its corner A
on the ground, its diagonal AC inclined at 30°to the HP and the
diagonal BD inclined at 45°to the VP and parallel to the HP.
Draw its projection.
9 October 2018 36Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

37. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
22. A square plate ABCD of 40mm side has one of its corner A
on the ground, its diagonal AC inclined at 45°to the HP and
apparently inclined at 30°to the VP. Draw its projection.
9 October 2018 37Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

38. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
23. A pentagonal lamina of 30mm side has one edge in HP and
inclined at 30°to the VP. Draw its projection when its surface is
inclined at 45°to the HP.
9 October 2018 38Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

39. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
24.Draw the projections of a hexagon of side 30mm having one
of its sides in HP and top view inclined at 65°to the VP and the
surfaces inclined at 35°to the HP.
9 October 2018 39Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

40. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
25.Acircularplateofdiameter60mmhastheendAofthe
diameterABintheHPandtheplateisinclinedat45°totheHP.
DrawitsprojectionswhenthediameterABappearstobeinclined
at60°totheVPinthetopview.
9 October 2018 40Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

41. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
26. An isosceles triangle of 40 mm long base side, 60 mm long
altitude is freely suspended from one corner of Base side .It’s
plane is 45°inclined to VP. Draw it’s projections.
9 October 2018 41Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

42. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
27. A thin circular plate with 60 mm diameter appears in the front
view as an ellipse of major and minor axes 60 mm and 40 mm
length respectively . Draw the projection of circular plate when
one of the diameters is parallel to both the reference planes.
9 October 2018 42Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

43. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
28. A regular hexagonal lamina of 25 mm side has a central
square hole of 20 mm size. Draw the front and top views when
the surface of the lamina is inclined at 45
0
to the HP. A side of
lamina is inclined at 35
0
to VP.
9 October 2018 43Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

44. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
29.Acircularlaminaofdiameter60mmhastheendAofthe
diameterABintheHPandtheendBontheVP.Drawits
projectionswhenthesurfaceinclinedat40
0
totheHPand50
0
to
VP.
9 October 2018 44Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical

45. Problems in Projection of Planes
A plane inclined to both VP and HP
30. Draw the projections of a pentagonal sheet of 25 mm side
resting on VP having its surface inclined at 30
0
to VP. its one side
is parallel to VP and inclined at 45
0
to HP
9 October 2018 45Dr.RGM, Professor/ Mechanical