UNIT-IV-Lesson-3-Instructional-Accommodation-and-Modification.pptx

Accommodations and curricular modifications

1. UNIT IV - Assessment, Learning Resources and Instructional (INPUT) Accommodation Topic 3 Instructional Accommodation and Modification

2. ACCOMMODATIONS AND CURRICULAR MODIFICATIONS In an inclusive general education classroom, students with disabilities and special needs may need accommodations such as educational assistance and other supplemental resources. Curricular improvements are made for those who need more extensive assistance. The words "modifications" and "accommodations" are also familiar to you. These are two common buzzwords in special education that are often interchanged. These two words, though, do not mean the same thing and have far-reaching consequences for your child's education. It is important to grasp the distinction. In this lesson, you will differentiate the difference of the two words.

3. A. Accommodations Based on the definition, accommodations are supports provided to students to help gain full access to class content and instruction, without altering the curriculum standards and competencies expected and to demonstrate accurately what they know. When accommodations are provided in a general education classroom for children with disabilities, barriers are removed from accessing education.

4. As a result, children can work around the effect of their disabilities: Examples of accommodations are altering instruments, toys or materials, changing the room during specific activities, providing time extensions or allowances for tests and tasks, and changing response formats in worksheets. Accommodations may be provided both during assessment and instruction, depending on the learning profile and needs of a child and may vary in terms of presentation, response, setting, and scheduling (Beech 2010).

5. Learning Needs Examples of Accommodations Visual support Minimize visual distraction Visual cues (e.g., use color-coded text, highlighting) Use of larger print materials (font size, illustrations) Use of sign language Videos with closed captioning Presentation Accommodations Children with disabilities may need specialized presentation formats especially those with sensory impairments so they can learn the same content alongside typically developing peers. The table below presents examples of accommodations in presentation.

6. Learning Needs Examples of Accommodations Auditory and comprehension support Read aloud by a peer Audio books Digital text that reads aloud or gives definition of words Text-to-speech software Advance organizer or story guide Highlighting or color coding Listening and focusing Advance organizer Explicit verbal or visual cues; physical prompts Repeat/Clarify directions and important information Note-taking support Copy of directions

7. Response Accommodations Response accommodations allow students with disabilities and additional needs a variety of ways to complete assignments, written tests, performance tasks, and other activities. Providing such instructional and assessment supports allows them to access the same learning experiences as other students in a general education classroom.

8. Learning Needs Examples of Accommodations Writing difficulty (e.g., errors in spacing, visual perceptual or spatial orientation, illegible handwriting) Different size/diameter of pencil, marker, or crayon Pencil or pen grip (triangular, pear-shaped) Scribe to record dictated responses Finger spacer Handwriting template/guide on the student's desk Visual cues on paper Different types and sizes of paper The table below summarizes examples of response accommodations for students with disabilities and additional

9. Learning Needs Examples of Accommodations Written expression difficulty Electronic dictionary with spell check Online dictionary Word processor with spelling and grammar check Writing cue cards List of sight words Writing templates, outlines, and graphic organizers Math difficulty Calculator Concrete models and manipulatives Visual representation Problem-solving guides Graphic organizers Special paper — graphing paper for computation

10. Setting Accommodations Changes in the location or conditions of the educational setting or environment may be necessary for students who need support in terms of behavior, attention, and organization of space and materials. Accommodation in a setting may allow a child who gets easily distracted to work in a quiet corner of the classroom in his own study carrel so that he will not be sidetracked by environmental stimuli. Or a child who is still unable to read fluently may be allowed to take a silent reading comprehension test in another room with a supervising adult just, so she could hear herself read aloud which helps her better understand the story.

11. Scheduling Accommodations Changing time allotment, schedule of tasks and assessments, and management of time are some types of scheduling accommodations. Students with slower ability in processing information and directions well as with focusing issues may need these types of accommodation. Some examples of accommodation that can modify scheduling are: (1) extending time for assignments and assessments; (2) providing breaks in between tasks; (3) providing a visual schedule or a checklist of individual responsibilities; (4) providing predictable routines and procedures; and (5) providing an electronic device with alarms and cues.

12. B. Modifications Curriculum modifications are provided for students with significant or severe disabilities where content expectations are altered, and the performance outcomes are changed in relation to what are expected of typically developing students of the same age (DEC 2007). When instruction and assessment are modified, a student with disability is still given the right to access the same learning opportunities as other students-in the general education class, but the tasks are more respectful and appropriate to the student's abilities and needs.

13. Curricular modifications include changes in instructional level, content and performance criteria, as well as the breadth and depth of content being learned by students. Students with disabilities or additional needs may be given more, less, or different content and resource materials altogether. They may also be assessed using different standards that are more appropriate to the student's needs and abilities, such as being provided with fewer objectives, shorter lessons, or a smaller number of vocabulary words to learn. Educational teams responsible for instructional planning may indicate curricular modifications in the student's Individual Educational Plan (IEP). Such modifications are needed so that students also have access to the general education curriculum.

14. An accommodation changes how a student learns the material. A modification changes what a student is taught or expected to learn. Here is a chart that explains the differences.   Accommodations Modifications Classroom instruction Children with special needs will benefit from accommodations that enable them to study the same content as their peers. As a result, they are able to follow the same standards. For example, a student with dyslexia may listen to an audio version of a book. However, the rest of the class is also reading the same book. Similarly, a student who has difficulty concentrating will be seated next to the instructor, but he or she must also complete all of the daily class assignments. Changes to the program may be required for children who are well behind their peers. This are referred to as revisions. A student may be given shorter or simpler reading assignments, or homework that isn't the same as the rest of the class. Modification students are not supposed to learn the same content as their peers.

15. Classroom tests Testing accommodations can vary from those used in the classroom. Spell check, for example, may assist a student with writing problems in taking notes during class. It would not be fitting, though, during a weekly spelling exam. At the same time, this student will benefit from getting more time to complete the spelling test or from using a keyboard if writing is difficult for him. Modifications in testing also mean that a pupil covers less material — or less nuanced content. A spelling test, for example, might ask the class to memorize 20 words. A student with special needs, on the other hand, would just need to learn ten of them. It's quite possible that there are two lists of spelling words. The student is checked for something new with a modification.

16. Standardized testing Statewide tests allow some accommodations like extra time or taking a test on a computer. It’s best if these are the same accommodations a child uses to take class tests. Some students take what’s called an  alternate assessment . This state test includes modifications to the regular test. Questions might be fewer or not cover the same material as the standard exams. Also, the results are interpreted differently. Before you agree to an alternate assessment, find out what the impact will be on your child’s academic and work future.

17. PE, music, and art class Accommodations for “special” classes like PE, music, and art can be helpful for some kids. These are similar to accommodations in the classroom. Kids might get extra time to learn to play an instrument. Or they may be allowed to complete an art project in a different format. Sometimes, an assignment in a class like PE, music, or art is unreasonable for your child. When this happens, a modification may be made. For example, the PE teacher might reduce the number of laps a student needs to run. The music teacher might not require a child to learn how to read music. Topic is taken from t.ly/1MOA