UNIT VI notes for water pollution using dairy.pptx

water pollution

1. WATER POLLUTION: Foreign substances either from natural or manmade substances, contaminated with water supplies may be harmful to life due to toxicity, reduction in normal oxygen level of water, esthetically unsuitable and spread epidemic diseases. Sources: Domestic sewage Industrial waste water Pesticides and fertilizers Toxic metals Radioactive discharge

2. Effects: Water borne diseases like cholera, gastro, jaundice and typhoid. Decrease in oxygen level in water affects aquatic life and the ecosystem. Acidic and alkaline effluents cause corrosion. Industrial waste in water makes it turbid and unaesthetic. Remedial measures: Proper treatment of domestic and industrial waste so that it is recycled and reused for irrigation, industrial process etc. Avoid excess use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Implementation of legislative laws for pollution control.

3. NOISE POLLUTION: Any unwanted sound is noise. Noise is defined as unwanted sound pollutant that produce undesirable effects in an individual by interfering with one’s social activities like work, rest, recreation, sleep etc. Sources: Industrial sources: Foundries, dairies, textile mills Non-industrial pollution Automobiles Trains Airplanes Construction site Uncontrolled use of load speaker

4. Effects: Physiological effects: temporary or permanent hearing loss, increase in pulse rate and respiratory rate. Psychological effects; cause annoyance, tension in muscles, nervous irritability and strain. Personological effects: People are affected by hypertension, fatigue, blood pressure Control: Control at source: separate the noise producing machines. Isolate and dampen the vibrating machines. Control during transmission: Construct barriers are noise producing devices. Control at receiver’s end: use personal equipments like ear plugs, mufflers etc.

5. LAND POLLUTION: Land is use for agriculture, building residences, industries etc. Sources: Dumping of industrial and domestic waste Waste from construction industry Excess use of fertilizers and pesticides Uncontrolled irrigation

6. Effects: The waste may contaminate ground water. The municipal dumping site cause fly nuisance, odour around the site. Water logged air is unsuitable for agriculture. Excess fertilizer and pesticides make land unfertile. Remedial measures: Use of proper irrigation methods to avoid water logging. Controlled use of pesticides and fertilizers. Apply Solid waste management at municipal solid waste dumping site. Use incineration technique for ho spital waste Deep burial of radioactive waste