UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI.pptx

UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI.

1. UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI Commander Héctor VALCÁRCEL Castillo [email protected]

2. ABSTRACT The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) is a peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in 2011 to protect civilians and create a secure environment, for the delivery of humanitarian assistance in the Abyei Area, a disputed territory between Sudan and South Sudan. UNISFA's mandate is based on Chapter VII of the UN Charter and is guided by the principles of impartiality, consent of the parties, and non-use of force except in self-defense or in defense to the mandate. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 2

3. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

4. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 4 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

5. 1. INTRODUCTION The Abyei Area is a 10,500 square kilometer, region is located on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. The area is inhabited primarily by the Ngok Dinka people , who have close ties to South Sudan, and the Misseriya people , who have ties to Sudan. The conflict over Abyei has its roots in the colonial era, when the region was administered as part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Following Sudan's independence in 1956, the status of Abyei remained undefined, leading to a series of conflicts between the north and south. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 5

6. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 6 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

7. 2. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 7 The Abyei Area is located in the southern part of Sudan, bordering South Sudan to the south and west. The area is characterized by a mix of savanna, woodland, and mountainous terrain. The main town in the Abyei Area is Abyei, which is located in the central part of the region.

8. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 8 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

9. 3. BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT The conflict over Abyei has a long and complex history. The area has been contested between Sudan and South Sudan for centuries. The conflict intensified in the early 2000s, leading to a number of deaths and displacements. In 2005, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) ended the Second Sudanese Civil War and established a referendum to determine the final status of Abyei. However, the referendum was never held due to disagreements between the two parties over who was eligible to vote. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 9

10. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 10 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

11. 4. MISSION MANDATE The first mandate was with the resolution N° 1990 in 2011 adopted by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on 27 June 2011 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 11

12. 4. MISSION MANDATE The UNISFA's mandate is based on Chapter VII of the UN Charter and is guided by the principles of impartiality, consent of the parties, and non-use of force except in self-defense or in defense of the mandate. The mission's current mandate, authorized by United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution N° 2708 (2023), focuses on: 21/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 12 Protecting civilians. Facilitating the safe and unrestricted movement of people and goods. Creating a secure environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Supporting the Sudanese parties in implementing the Kadugli Agreement. Assisting the Sudanese parties in establishing joint security mechanisms.

13. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 13 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

14. 5. UN INTERVENTION The United Nations has been involved in the Abyei conflict since the 1990s. In 2004, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) established the United Nations Mission in Abyei with United Nations Mission in Sudan – UNMIS, to monitor the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in the area. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 14 Following the end of UNMIS's mandate in 2011, UNISFA assumed responsibility for peacekeeping and security in Abyei.

15. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 15 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

16. 6. CURRENT SITUATION 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 16

17. 6. CURRENT SITUATION 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 17 Political events Conflict dynamics and security situation Reconfiguration of the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei Violations of freedom of movement Dialogue between communities

18. 6. CURRENT SITUATION 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 18 Situation of human rights Women and peace and security Children and peace and security Operations of the Mine Action Service

19. 6. CURRENT SITUATION 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 19

20. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 20 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

21. 7. OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS The presence of armed groups in the Abyei Area continues to pose a challenge for UNISFA. Movement restrictions imposed by Sudan and South Sudan hinder UNISFA's work. The lack of progress in the political process between the two Sudanese parties is an obstacle to lasting peace in Abyei. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 21

22. INDEX 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 22 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 4 . 3 . GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION BACKGRAUND OF THE CONFLICT UN INTERVENTION 5 . OTHER POINTS OF CONSIDERATIONS 6 . CURRENT SITUATION MISSION MANDATE CONCLUSIONS 7. 8 .

23. 8. CONCLUSIONS 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 23 UNISFA plays a vital role in protecting civilians and maintaining peace and security in Abyei. However, the situation in the area remains tense and volatile, and progress towards a lasting solution depends on the willingness of Sudan and South Sudan to work together in good faith. The international community must continue to support UNISFA and pressure the Sudanese parties to resume peace talks and reach an agreement on the final status of Abyei. UNISFA will continue to play a crucial role in maintaining peace and security until a permanent solution is achieved.

24. 17/06/2024 UNITED NATIONS INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI 24 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION