Universalisation of elementary education

Universalisation of elementary education

1. Navyamol a.w Bed physical science UNIVERSALISATION OF ELEMENTARY EDUCTION ( U E E )

2. INTRODUCTION “ Education is the most powerful weapon to change the world” – Nelson Mandela Democracy pre supposes an educated and enlighted society Development of science and technology Education is pre requisite for all aspect of development Indian constitution – Article 45, article 21 A , 51 A The whole idea is woven into the concept of UEE.

3. UEE All children in the age group of 6 to 14 must be provided with compulsory elementary education It means that all children belonging to different economic background , from rural and urban to take education without any discrimination Provide free education UEE involves 3 stage 1. Universalisation of Provision 2. Universalisation of Enrolment 3. Universalisation of Retention

4. INDIAN CONSTITUTION 86 th constitutional amendment 2002

5. ARTICLE 21 A : RIGHT TO EDUCATION The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine. It was introduced by the 86th Amendment Act of 2002 To give effect to the provisions of Article 21A, the  Right to Education (RTE)  Act was enacted in 2009 ARTICLE 51 A (k) : FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES It shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to hi s child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years . .

6. ARTICLE 45 : FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION The State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

7. PROBLEMS BEFORE UEE IN INDIA Population explosion The problem of drop out Non availability of schools within easy reach Non enrolment of children of weaker section Poor physical facilities in school Illiteracy among parents Poverty related factors

8. Programmes for uee in india Several new schemes for reaching the goal of UEE have been initiated by Govt. Kothari commission report 1964 National Policy on Education 1986 Programme Of Action 1992

9. 1. Non formal education Provide education to those that did not attend school or dropped of it due to some reason. NFE programme originated in India through a resolution of central advisory board of education in 1974 Main features Learner centered approach Emphasis on learning than teaching Organisation of extra curricular activities Emphasis on immediate human needs Flexible

10. 2. Operation black board Started in 1987 It’s a centrally sponsored scheme to ensure minimum essential physical facilities to all elementary school. There are 3 components of OB 1. Atleast 2 reasonably large rooms 2. Atleast 2 teachers 3. Essential teaching and learning material 4. Separate toilet facilities for girls and boys

11. 3. DISTRICT PRIMARY EDUCATION programme Started in 1993 Aims to achieve UEE through district level interventions All round development rather than piecemeal implementation Objectives To reduce primary drop out rates to less than 10% Reduce difference in enrolment , drop out to less than 5%

12. 4. Micro planning It aimed at a family wise and child wise design of action Main aim is to make sure that the children completes alleast 5 years of schooling or its equivalent at NFE centres. Village education committees by Panchayath plays an important role

13. 5. MINIMUM LEVELS OF LEARNINGS Its aimed to insure that every children acquire certain minimum levels of skills and knowledge competency. Main steps followed by MLL Assessment of existing levels Definition of MLL for the area Practice of competency based teaching Continous evaluation Revision of text book

14. 6. SHIKSHA KARMI PROJECT Started in Rajasthan in 1987 Regular teachers are replaced by local teachers Shiksha Karmi was a local person with minimum educational qualification Objectives Universalisation of education Qualitative improvement of primary education Checking drop out

15. 7. SARVASHIKSHA ABHIYAN SSA has been launched in 2001-2002 in partnership with the State Governments and Local Self Governments. It is an initiative to universalize and improve quality of education through time bound implementation strategy It lays emphasis on bridging all gender and social category gaps at elementary education level with time bound objectives.

16. All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, 'Back-to-School' camp by 2003. All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007 All children complete eight years of elementary schooling by 2010. Bridge all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary education level by 2010 Universal retention by 2010. . . OBJECTIVES OF SSA

17. Conclusion In spite of various initiatives taken by the Govt. of India to achieve UEE , disparities were observed in terms of literacy, participation,access,quality of education and outcomes Teachers committed and educated to the cause of education are indispensable for the success of UEE. Periodic valuation of the policies , programmes are required. REFERENCES # “ Current issues in education” – Dr. Jagannath Mohanty # “Development of education system in India”- J.C Agarwal # “ Modern Indian education; policies; progress and problems” – C.P.S Chauhan