UNIVERSE AND SPACE RAM KUMARAN 9-A.pptx

We can know about universe and space

1. UNIVERSE AND SPACE SCIENCE BY- M.RAM KUMARAN

2. CONTENTS Rockets and its parts. Types of Rocket fuels. Indian Space Research Programmes National Aeronautics Space Administration(NASA)

3. rockets Rockets help us to launch space probes to explore the planets in the solar system. A rocket is a space vehicle with a very powerful engine designed to carry people or equipment beyond the earth into space The first use of true rockets was in 1232AD for a war named Kai – keng by Chinese people to defeat mongols . The first rockets was named as “fire arrows”. These fire arrows were a simple form of solid propellant rockets.

4. Parts of rockets There are four parts or systems in a Rocket . They are: Structural system Payload system Guidance system Propulsion system

5. Parts of rockets Structural system: It is a frame that covers rocket. It is made very strong but it covered by light weight material like titanium and aluminium . Payload system: Payload means object carried by satellite. It is depend upon rockets mission. It is may be manned or unmanned. Guidance system: I t is the place where the communication is connected. Scientists from the earth guide the rocket to its path. Propulsion system: Before go to this topic we need to know about propellants. A propellant is a chemical substance that is used as a fuel to move a object from its position by applying a great force. Propulsion system carries a fuel tank to carry a propellant.

6. T ypes of propellants There are 3 types of propellants. They are: LIQUID PROPELLANTS: In this type, fuel oxidizers are combined in a combustion chamber where they burn and colme out of the of the rocket with a great force. For example , liquid nitrogen. SOLID PROPELLANTS: In solid propellants , fuel and oxidizer compounds are already combined. When they’re ignited to produce heat . Combustion of solid propellants can’t be stopped once it is ignited . For example,poly butadienes . CRYOGENIC PROPELLENTS: In this type, fuel or oxidizer or both are liquefied gases and they are stored at very low temperature. These fuel do not need any ignition system. They react on mixing and start their own flame.

7. LAUNCHING OF SATELLITE Satellite having variety of uses including communication realy , weather forecasting , navigation (GPS) , scientific research and earth’s observation , etc… A Multistage rocket or step rocket is a launch vehicle that uses two or more rocket stages each of which contains its own engine and propellant . It saves fuel and weight.

8. iSRO Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was established in 1969 formed with the objective of developing space technology and its application for different needs of our nation.

9. Chandrayaan 1 Our country launched Chandrayaan 1 on 22 nd October 2008 to study about moon. It was launched from Sathish Dhawan Space Station at Sriharikota , AP , With the help of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

10. CHANDRAYAAN 2 ISRO had launched a follow of Chandrayaan 1 named Chandrayaan 2 , on 22nd July 2019 chaired by Kailasa Vadivoo Sivan .

11. Chandrayaan 3 The primary objective of chandrayaan 3 mission was to demonstrate soft landing near to lunar south pole region performs expriments using the instrument on Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.

12. SOME OF THE OTHER IMPORATNT SPACE PROGRAMMES WERE ADITYA L1 , MANGALYAAN , ETC….

13. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS SPACE ADMINISTRATION ( nasa ) NASA is the most popular space agency whose headquaters is located at Washington D.C., USA. It was established on 1 st october 1958.

14. Apollo mission Apollo missions are the most popular mission of NASA. It totally consists 17 misasions . Apollo 11 was the first man landing mission on moon. The crew of Apollo consists of members were Neil Armstrong , Edwin Aldrin , Micheal collins