Upper respiratory tract

1. Notes: Upper Respiratory Tract (pg 4)

2. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils

3. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils Internal nares : openings from nasal cavity into pharynx

4. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils Internal nares : openings from nasal cavity into pharynx Nasal septum: Divides nasal cavity in half. Formed by vomer and ethmoid bones

5. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils Internal nares : openings from nasal cavity into pharynx Nasal septum: Divides nasal cavity in half. Formed by vomer and ethmoid bones Palate: Forms floor of nasal cavity. Anterior = hard palate (bone). Posterior = soft palate (no bone)

6. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils Internal nares : openings from nasal cavity into pharynx Nasal septum: Divides nasal cavity in half. Formed by vomer and ethmoid bones Palate: Forms floor of nasal cavity. Anterior = hard palate (bone). Posterior = soft palate (no bone) Uvula: “Dangly thing” in throat. Prevents food from entering nasal cavity .

7. Nasal Cavity External nares : Nostrils Internal nares : openings from nasal cavity into pharynx Nasal septum: Divides nasal cavity in half. Formed by vomer and ethmoid bones Palate: Forms floor of nasal cavity. Anterior = hard palate (bone). Posterior = soft palate (no bone) Uvula: “Dangly thing” in throat . Prevents food from entering nasal cavity.. Nasal conchae : Three bony ridges (superior, middle, and inferior) in nasal cavity. Increase surface area to warm and moisten air. Trap dust.

8. Paranasal sinuses Air-filled cavities in frontal, maxillae, ethmoid , and sphenoid bones

9. Paranasal sinuses Air-filled cavities in frontal, maxillae, ethmoid , and sphenoid bones Surround nasal cavity and open into it

10. Paranasal sinuses Air-filled cavities in frontal, maxillae, ethmoid , and sphenoid bones Surround nasal cavity and open into it Functions: Reduce weight of skull, produce mucus, act as resonating chambers for voice

11. Pharynx (Throat) Nasopharynx : portion posterior to nasal cavity. Eustachian tubes from middle ear end here. Pharengeal tonsils (adenoids) are located on posterior wall

12. Pharynx (Throat) Nasopharynx : portion posterior to nasal cavity. Eustachian tubes from middle ear end here. Pharengeal tonsils (adenoids) are located on posterior wall Oropharynx : portion posterior to oral cavity. Receives air, food, and water from mouth. Palatine tonsils are on lateral walls and lingual tonsils are behind the tongue

13. Pharynx (Throat) Nasopharynx : portion posterior to nasal cavity. Eustachian tubes from middle ear end here. Pharengeal tonsils (adenoids) are located on posterior wall Oropharynx : portion posterior to oral cavity. Receives air, food, and water from mouth. Palatine tonsils are on lateral walls and lingual tonsils are behind the tongue Laryngopharynx : portion between oropharynx and larynx

14. Larynx ( Voicebox ) 5 cm long. Made of pieces of cartilage connected by muscles and ligaments

15. Larynx ( Voicebox ) 5 cm long. Made of pieces of cartilage connected by muscles and ligaments Thyroid cartilage: “Adam’s apple”

16. Larynx ( Voicebox ) 5 cm long. Made of pieces of cartilage connected by muscles and ligaments Thyroid cartilage: “Adam’s apple” Cricoid cartilage: Base of larynx. Attaches larynx to trachea

17. Larynx ( Voicebox ) 5 cm long. Made of pieces of cartilage connected by muscles and ligaments Thyroid cartilage: “Adam’s apple” Cricoid cartilage: Base of larynx. Attaches larynx to trachea Epiglottis: Leaf-shaped movable flap. During swallowing, epiglottis covers opening of larynx to prevent food and water from entering.

18. Larynx ( Voicebox ) 5 cm long. Made of pieces of cartilage connected by muscles and ligaments Thyroid cartilage: “Adam’s apple” Cricoid cartilage: Base of larynx. Attaches larynx to trachea Epiglottis: Leaf-shaped movable flap. During swallowing, epiglottis covers opening of larynx to prevent food and water from entering. Vocal cords: ligaments that function in sound production. Muscles control the length and tension, affecting pitch.