Urban happines and Public Space

special issue

Urban Happines and Public Space
3° Biennal of Public Space

Edited by Marichela Sepe

table of contents

06

a

as

»

Presentations
2

Sa Vivi Mariesrada

Introduction

Marclasge

Panis for urban happiness
Mani Se

Papers
Hotes fora Delage a ep ly

apa ners
Arist sons for a apple Venice

Vino Vin Boe
‘eal Resta of Rego ara socal net
nan

Savane Barto

Happiness and urban design

he Caggiane
Parental Aviso Experience ste Content!

Salaire Carn Saraoması
‘Wage the everyday public space, experience the
happiness

Thing Chen
Publ spaces design fr urban regeneration

‘iba Claims Padres On
A place that makes ou happy challenging medal in
‘lc epace

Fabi Cil
The Happy City as Muttactoal Syn

ML Deng
oppitectre: Zn, Oterwhere an Space Design in
Mein, Soa fea

aan Eins
The sation ofthe environmental eqisite forthe
urban quay ty as strategy o planning to regenerate
‘the metopatitan city

‘Data vaga
Landscapes Recycle: New forms or the project of he
contemporary ey

Pranesca Fsanine
Superterata FotPrns] Recto, reuse, urban happy
‘mood

Sora Pong Jeanne Sa

2
On cites, Public Space and
Happiness

Freno Gar

51 | ere fs not continent, county a cutre the
agreeably nthe publi spaces 1a search of the
uma beng
Marine Gomes tsa
53 | wee Waste Worth and Weines
‘Gabe Bes
‘| Upgrading tan Ares as Pubic Green Ares to Promate
People's “Coed Living”
Carina Gamısa Flemène Gamse
56 | ute in beten bling: Soft places nthe res
betwen publi and pate doin
Paca Gaine
5 |Pubic Space as Landscape Experience of Happiness: A
Surprise Public Garden mid! Water and Large Blocks
ot Woosand
Tha Ge Chris Constantin,
Vissi

162 Behaviour maps: Xray of places inating time quality
and urban happiness
Barbara GARE Marie, Danja Man
67 | just fr fun nothing for fun A ridge contest in
Plaza Maggie, Bologna
Tica Gr gl Seno Lamborghini aca Vet
10 1 tas emphasis on safety ad security rating an
unhappy society?
Samen Andres Hann
75 | ein happy ouside te ati fms: Moral mate and its
impact on transpor net madling within the ees
ater state sei
Mark Klean

ova Manin

19 | ros Urban Happiness forthe Global City
dora
£2 | ution regeneration an vei trough a sustainable
approach and a new system of public spaces
sta Mayne, Maricel Sipe, Sora Mick
183 he Re-appropriation of Public Space a a passage to
happiness
Meni Mit
94 ra Municipis Steps fr Ma
Livable Communities: the Cate of A
shat, Sud arabia
Han Mevtada, Mohammed Alkan)

m

ns

m

En

se

se

Pati sculpture a presenation too entity of de city
Mme a Abele
‘ty and Puli Space as Happines Project
Bonnin one
Participate anamorphic art against the suburb
in contemporary cities
er Fagan Marine Mare

New temporary perspectives or urban spaces
dr Fags Angele Digi

nat makes people happy The case social housing

inst
"Adriana Forte, ns Quintanilla, Andrea echa,
Elion Aneel shal Cantrell ase

The city sick sickens
Marta Quart Annamaria King, Datla
ramon

Publi Space and Happiness in he Urban Environment
asin Faena

Influence of urban space in the happiness citizen
Tite oven Saba

terpreing communitarian turis in the conte same

integrated experiences in Bra Chile and Costa ea
nis Alert Cuco Sapa alta Ont
Zen, Christian Hoíqueztucia Nel Cota
Simone Calls Ports Bartels An pall ls

‘The peaple-cented approach to publ spaces The ase
ot nda
Marisela Sa Ass

apne in Urban Spaces induced by Anomalous Objects
Sons Shah Javanın Salad

Happiness and Publi Space
da Fees
buono, collaborative writing about/for Public Spaces
{towards urban MAPPnes forall
a SU
‘Smart Governance: urban regeneration nd integration
polices Europe Turin and Mamá case suas
‘Chana Tren, Andrea Boot

The restauration future heroe improves happines.
“hang Way chen Lg

13 Maren, Sarna Mille

152

182
156

162

164

m

m

178

The exhibition
Happiness, or how to Lem by playing with the space
Mavala Anne Ana Paint
Regeneration ofa restienc city = the Vela case study
Pela Bom
Happy paces
“Ryne Fella, Arianna Bucs ita Lave
Upgrading Urban Area as Public Green Areas to Promote
Peoples "Good Living”
‘Caterina Gas, Plemène Gase
Soft places in the tnesold between public and private
domain
Pamesa mise

lie Space as Landscape Experience o Happiness: A

Surprise Pale Garden amist Water and Large Bock of
ia erg Chris Constants, Aa Maria
Visita

Wall of happiness
Nave Reena

The urban Eutopi in Casa i Princpe-Caspesenna Son

Cipriano (Campania) Nature wins on bul rom
Mari Mads Sine, Lisa Maur, Valo

he posit to perceve diferent sensations coming
by the environment provides a feeling of happiness.
Amena Pera, Anna Pes

Green Bridge in Vis San Giacomo dei Capi
Fou be fist

Tif Municipality’ Steps fr Achieving Happier, Heuer
and Usable Communities: The Cae of Alas and At
‘Shut, aust arabia

‘Mohamed Alnckhanig Hisham More

SUPERELEATAFOOTIPRINTS. oct, Reuse, Urban
Happy Mood
Sara Progen Jem
Plaza Maggiore, Bologna
Lica arg Seno Lamberg aca Ven
city Happiness. Work in progress
usina Ginga Sara Berne Michele
Leonel bo Niue

Indice autori

Silvia Viviani

‘Thecomplex deprdaionscfthewiban spaces and socia
‘haviour. progresivo content on topic suc and
consumption and urban eeneraton sac ofressures
ná permanence ofinegsitiesindistthe needs bt othe
peste to infuecethe publ opinion andthe production of
Publi poise oriented towards an negation between economy.
errant and soley.

In is sense rites concer publi spaces but asthe
environmental performances of ie ad landscapes, which
require invenments onthe ifrsncture, matern and immer
comple components. witha rebalancing ofecosytemicanetns,
‘The main questions round whichis important tofosthe
_stention includes prediction of new urban eves, more
vitae organization ofthe sc ent the are
paicipaton often he onion between iy and
ranas muscle pasion ofen the clone fthe
cl of se and production of rescue, the strategies othe
‘Sate change adopten the setlementevluion in oldariy and
‘sharing perspective the compatibly f the production with the
‘bon bility the saainable maby ations, the production of
information

The hi lena of Puli ace which was held in ome in May
013 has ied these topes and thers which ae bot direct and
indinely conneced with the programme and bene ofthe
Ian Into of Urban Planning. ating rom the neces of
fete aggrgtion around spaces where we ve, which ad

take fll down walls which vide ourselves. this aggregation
‘xi the ferment which move apis rive Ce eed
become capable and rom ces a dam alero ident the

te oinnoraton and management {change hasto tan. The
dinamico mainly means away o walk together built language
‘nd rules fcohablationsn common, wall as within the pc
characte ofthe poet
Projects ate mae and tales which needtofasinate they ae way
1 ll new knowledge inthe us ofthe resources The malo
retource isthe i, place of rights and mitigation of sfnctions
nd ing The city ab production behavior and
ben landscape, Further cy have tobe pro ofehienship
recovery of orreciproky. apse or emotions The bon
bappins topic is from hs perspctin an interesting points
discuss gain onan urban planning busedonemstions.capbleto
recover human value. memory cultural rescue and identity.
‘The Happiness nd public space werkhop eddy Marisela Sep,
which wis heli the third Bea of Publi Space framework
represents acomubuion inthis sense: stating fom happnes aan
clement epale of ive postive emotions towho lve those spaces,
the best practicos which wee presented om allover the word
have shown the for cha athe bte ofthe urban happiness
patria rouge ofan urban planning founded on vesbily,
sustainable bey relience othe cultural and soil eis of
‘the ontemporanci

Mario Spada

“The priest ofthe publ pace haben frgrten for along tm by
‘he urban planning, which ordeeaes
hasbeen ed y the ar upremac.A new tention om the public
pce ope slnkedto the regeneationoftheexisent stan tissue
‘which hs intoduced new parameters and anewglostan iin.
‘ous of definition
Thetopieis faced ith cls and objectives which vary betweenthe
rain and innovation: rom aside the recoverofancient urban
salue in parca he afable historic! rss mh othe
‘heconsnstion/nventcaleperimention of ree parameters
coherent withthe ie sylesindued by the changed cultural and
Secllcondtons and fom the opputunity tre y the new
technology
‘Thetem public space often ani common pase with
many motivations which esto the common good priest
space with public use or again to publi space once managed
rom private. Hen withawide interpretation cf what we
‘continue te define publi space, and simplivng the reaeonng tis
psbletoidentiytheecszegories:
‘the publie space ofencounter where the sca reationshiptake
place the oclidenites ae med and
Feel educative pon, entertainment atteste cated xt
proximite spaces suchas the squat set, pk schoslandthe
brary ofthe aightorougho space urban scale such great
post pret cultural and commer tractor
Spaces of public transport nets the system .
metropoltan ares intersted y tes caused by a prgretve
incre Many year have pated ne Mar Aug osobservedthe
identity chaste of no places created bythe increasing
in meli Bt these ae mal publ spaces and ec semantic snd
functional deepening
the public pa ofthe digital networks whichinereein
‘exponential way with spontaneous communication interpersonal
ets which epesent the gusocity mentioned y Basran This
isaspacewhich produce es which ae appaeniy overlapped
cheumscibstheentencef apetsoninagreup opa
velalonabis o. acosta ia multiplistor of public oc
sshownty poitial preis, manifesatins ofuiban crs

mobiles

el estamos ma

(the hab orcrical mas set) theersionofnew physical
‘communities (ob oferte dg) the moliplston o
Sportanecus places of aggregation beyondthe home and place of
ot such in places: they Oldenburg

‘The quai ofpublie space tthe main parameter with whichthe
dre ofsicioleesion of commun measured the primary
toslwhich pate bebe virus teltionships
ofsystem between tiens paies productive, commercial and
From the th edition ofthe Binns f Public Space which
pice in May 2015 212th although the extreme thematic vay
dueto mare than so workshop. he mos common words which
‘were ie include partition co design adoption ofan lie
Systeme approach devtedto eb elationshpe Eten pants
involved in the press intepating competences overcoming

‘the atorefrencial bares ofthe administrative partos of
prtesionny ofbutinesiman ofeiens Thetopi ofthe kan
Happiness, inthiesense involve travel the afrementioned
‘thee categories of publi space Reuffrmed alter the de movement
arisen withthe cet publication Happy iy Transforming
cutive through ban desig’ y Charles Montgomery that of
the happy cys atole which intrducedby the theo ofthe
american economists aan evaluation ofthe crest concep, has
been developed inelvng the sciland urban dplines and has
‘been deepened more times in diferent period by phistopher,
scies andurban theo

‘The international workshop Happiness and publ pace” edited by
Michela Sep which hs sen wide paricipation yacht
and planners, a lo inl and att fom llover
‘the word Bail UK, China France, Slovenia Grece Mei,
Germany Tusa Libano holy test gen interest on this
topic andthe ren connection withthe prime of qualitat
public space

heben practice presented inthe workshop have shown hata
public space in white livability. qu sustainability are
"angie induce a perception f wellbeing which ea be more
‘saying itis trackable something aoughenly symbolic which
Isrecondicile othehappnes parameter

On Cities, Public Space and Happiness
Pietro Garau

Some tine goto kickoff unvety cour onan policy
devoted tothe theme of publ pace te aos English
teanltion reads more oles a los À Not forthe Chanerof
Publi Space Lis ofthe Good Things iis that You Dot Need
Money ffs Publ Spee

Fossil the idac amen par from Peter Marcuse na statement
an event atthe Rio Worl iban Forum Alt, int period Tit
hadbecome very popular and st bad tha his ew son of
Terry gue not popular today sit wasıhen

Anyway bere the i

Walking in a Fark when pk ates popes)
Sitona bli Bench (always)

Drink fom Public Water Runtain (als)

Fay Football on aSerapofOpen Space ays)

Leck at Shop Windows rately aways)

Admin Monument and Works of Architect day andy nigh)
Visi a Church (when open

Walking But ona ee Beach(siwsys)

‘Wander in Stes Squtes and ideas (aa)

Guest Fosters on Wal (ay)

Damp Garbage inthe Right Container (aa)

Ask Dirsions fom an Unknown Person (ays)

Give Directions to an Unknown Person (vay)

Give ltt hs Endedupon Youre alot always)
Sepinto a Publi brary and Leafthrugh Things Rip and Le
(during opening bout)

Sepint Publi bray and Raise thats Books are fo Yo Too
(Get since a a Hospital Emergency (Only and when needed)

Tak Lit Kid for a Walk (whenever the chance ie)
Ga on Big (aby)

Fallin Loven aCity Park to rte)

Use Publi Tele (ofwhichther ae ess and es)

Wander scund city sight 10 (more otenthan one thinks)

When challenge by Marches Sepeto write afew ine bout the
happiness theme ths fi came to mindbecauseit des ot only
fra glimpse ofthe simple things youcan doin acy publie
pace egreso whether you have your wallet on you crac.
[also contains simple experiences hat an indeed, give usa
a medium of happiness tiga form of appines at sal
tomes one would wonde om one or other form oFunespected
‘bt peasant experience whether om noticing something nein
a falar cade or enjoying that patil ight in that paar
rung into end
Allsuchespeiencesosimple seal dented with ly
Borat. ae the sometime, cai becas oftheirbafting
simplichy. An inde, there re thos who maintain that spicy
jest the cor ofthe elusive gol of happiness.
There consensus on theft hat happiness ver hata eh
ais equal dul aguetha itesnnct beopenended Sat
woul ike to dd couple fitemsto the Lis ofthe Good Things in
(iis tha Yo Dit Need Money for Js Publio

Not haringtossy hell to unknown persons youcome acess

Motaining the preg of saying helo unknown persons yoo

Introduction

Marichela Sepe

Happiness and public space

Urban happiness ie aconsept which can te
defined through the bsemation both of
mary tangle and intangible aspects of à
place and the actives cad cut by the
people wh lv and use. Ab Lynch 1960,
than the eye can ee, meno than the ea ean
eae seg or a view wating

plored, Nothing is experience by lb

nes

quenees of eens leading up tt be meme
sof past experiences
Indeed. if happiness isa general concept in
‘estgtedby philosophers economia oc
logis, paychologits and anthropologie
in diferent periods cen achieving resus
only depending by the ste financial py
Hal. etc of people the definition of
‘ements by fret discipline asume

urban happiness aan

tween people place and cts
‘The imangbl quate ofa place consist of
alte elements that ante perceived by the
auch sigh and tate ofits memom ul
radin. ee,

[All of these, both individual and in their
vel perception, can in sence ou fee
ings ations, general wellbeing. nd au ap
praia of what sounds us. The perce
‘tthe cy canbe separator patil ando
bined withthe keling the overall image
isthe union

‘The tangible element ar elated tothe ut
ban bre and a ers of morphelegical
natural and historical invariants, These I

‘vias ae cle imernltedto the feof
the cy and ts ina

perception the biter have of that ple.
Tear atras, sel and sounds become

an inseparable pa o ay one spe In the
oa thus components ofthe ban ap
pines One of he concepts which help o
Simumseie the many spect which can
dest the urban happines ince the
Placemaking inthe tente of the at of mak
ing places for people” 0 paraphrase the
definition given in By design: uban design
inthe planning sytem (Cate, Der, 2000]
case includes the way pices work and
munity Ste a ellas

how they look,
een people ad paces, movement and
ran om. ature andthe bull fab and
the process for ensuring sucess vlg
shtowasand ii

[AS Charles Montgomery has recently a
Sad app City Jar plamos and
dele pad mer ann 1 the got
odo bno abt bars, ty cl
eae eis th enhance cnt of ie
Stating fom these premises, the items
ional workshop exibition “Happiness and
publesace” whishwaseldin Rome inthe
framework ofthe Third Biennial of Publ

Space (21:24 May 2015) has presented both
thermal ape and eae

ing urban happiness in public spe
Papers and posters which were proposed =
teu Sy from Brasil UK China race
Slovenia Greece Mess German. Ti,
Tab. ave anoweredto questions posed

ty thecal orpape including Whi aethe
ftom which nene happiness fom the
lutanandlrsocioeconom pont of views?
CCananuubanor landscape priest ora pubic
space influence the perception of happiness
thee ae oy influenced by other ton
ct condtins (imate, ood ete J? What
Sethe best prats where happiness ean
te scoped? What are the happier cies?
Hayy urban happiness can be managed? Is
Votan Happiness durable cr should he com
‘inucuslyadapted?s Happiness an adaptive
stan phenomenon?

“The main contributions on thee topics were
resulted y the facts which ae capable to
influence happiness, which are many and
‘tied The point of views dueto the die:
fence both in terms f interests = snif
and profesional approach and geographi
fal proreniene of punkipants have deter,
Fried the construction of ar of map of
‘he urban happiness with specifi attention
tothe bes practices on publi space.
Fthermote the question of adaption
sessed a well making emerge an iter:
‘tng pepestivereltedtotheeltionship
between uban happines and esiene of
Places to phenomenon of cris meant in
socioculuralandenvionmental mening
‘Asafa eu definition of urban hap
nese canbe videnced “Urban Happiness
the set of characters and activite of à
place which ie perception of wellbeing
aná yo ho lives it andthe desire tp
‘here fra Toner time". These chance.
scan be observed inte public spaces

Principles for urban
happiness
Marichela Sepe

The Erglich aendatasgvenconsideiblea
tention tthe quali of wan design whose
rompio l that come diet by the
Place experience ofthe people. The senses
tae pt of play eof the people and
the sensory experience which # ved in a
Place let to remember or les in ples
and distintivo way (Carmona et ak 2010
ehr. ccs. 1961: Appleyard, 98s
Rosa

Through the als ef places à more de
ld and qualitative interpretados ofthe
y cad ut This net ctcumscibed
to ts seba sen, nor event ts phys
cal geometry. The functional and bol
interpreto ofthe elements of a pice ate
the fondamental fotos for undertanding
‘ns meaning. And "as sc changes so des
Sin Meanings attached othe ult
erironmens become modified ass val
sereine to changing aer
secioccenomie ernsten and hitler
Rares

As Rep 1970) asen Fergie pce à
space of ation centred on immediate needs
snd practices and as sucht as a y de
elopedsnuchue (Ti sctunecanckr.
ly bein no way underacod a jee ot
meuble rather distances and directions
experienced a quis nero ati
sy or ha and even when these are made
ple pk cota ey ae cet
bei special meaning (. Peretve spa is
both almofäiect email encounters
sh he pes of the ah sa and shy oF
with bik and resedepaces

Urban sie age on the fc that ne
ingly. the golf the projec teens in
the han space & a the experince of
thor spe for resident, Uban environ.
rents ce increasingly designed de dino
thre yingtocreste memorblesensoryexpe
enc and ive happiness forthe peoplewho
se them. Bren people ho vs oie ur
sn centr con desert series ofemetonal
expences concerning thom plies iventy
the vesents Andtoplcethee experiences
can be very diferent fom one place to ane
ther (Madanipaur 003 Montgomen 296

Pants ag: ES 208 Whyte, See,
op: Sep, 2014: Ban tl 018 Feds.
8.201: Ge 3030)

Mondays new attention to the ban hap-
pines as ben given bu often in terms of
theoreti sense or fom an observations
sin of view (Fido etal, 2013: Burns
005 Tale, np Ziansek 007: Mont
emery. 201)

Siting forthe penises sim ofthis paper
[sto present the Happy pace method, aid
out inthe framework of NS Matinal Re
seach Coun rh projet

‘The einen of urban happiness rongly
Interwoven with sca environmental 60.
emi, philesophia suis and. acoding
with the quick tansfxmaton of Hess,
‘eed ap its the definition in comin
ous change On the her hand the defntion
Tooke e similar ha used for defining
wellbeing quay of i apd. in celo
sense stanly ban ppinessccldbe
belied aa character which gies tothe pice
paie perception in people olive and
‘which induces them to pen Leg ie here
Sodortolivethere pin the same
‘The method aime at ¡entiing urban hap-
pines and the Kos which make places
happy rom he users pint of view: Factors
which influence happiness are many and
‘ot ll depend on the beauty ofthe pir.
‘The method consists in surveys, oben
ons quesiomale A Sees fesse tes
ave been cated out which ive allowed
the consieron ofa Charter or ban bape
pines in publi pace. The paper wl shar
the method, an emblematic case study in
Wohin. China inthe fork cf Py:
PEOPLE 2011 ARES Poet Planing. Urban
Management and Heritage - PUMA, and
the fotementioneé Chater

The Happy Place Mapping
‘The"Hapoy place mapping" methodconsts
of five phases (Sepa 013, 204) The ist
phase consssintheselectionanddefirition
ofthe study ae need ocmthe sein
tion and, through an inspection, decide
‘whether to confirm the delimitation decided
beforehand or modi

‘The second phate it characterized by the cb
servation ofthe characters ofthe place
through three survey concerning atti,
perceptions and elementswhicheemribure
{othe perepton fhappines.

sets om | y

In th Bitsy. needs to breve the

pes of people visos, profesional)

aná vies (enjoyment pag y, work.

e) Tes actives ate mare fom the

quintales pin of view namely bseving

in wa percentage the sity is reset ln

‘hat place andhow in uence veal.

‘Sin the presence of person med

fom the quantitative pont of view mel.

‘Then teed 10 oben the frequency with

whishehe sty isepestedrimplemert

ed with what pce. name at is
caida th rapid slow rmaderte pce.

‘The second survey consi in identification

singular visual sui tate, ct,

tae perceptions at well 3 min pero.
tions much a chao seit order. Po,

Irma disrentaon and oca, derking

from the sum of one er mote pereptions.

‘Then needs to obre te qantéy x

presse a igh, medium and igh mont

Perentage as well athe quay exprese

Pesan no Ie and annoying per.

ed perception

“Te thi survey f this phase consis inthe

heaton ofthe elements which cor

aero the happiness sensation such a con

‘erated anal element tampones

modes, equipment and services (amare.

stl)

Final. fem the intersection ofthese ata. a

fin end onthe degree of happiness ich

{sind reed am suveysonthi pice

The third phe cons in questionnaire to

‘he uses ofthe sie amd a detßing fa

tom and elements which make people who

Tiethat plc happy ered.

Question may inl the lowing andl

Remi in conan withthe hante

isis ofthe pla.

1 This plc gives you a feng of hap:
nes orne?

3. What ae te elements that make you
Be happy sd

3 Wat ate the faces that make his
place goodorbod?

2 What kind facts do you setithis
slice? How ofen?

5. The presence of many os ew people im
proves the plssntnes or unplesan
sit pce?

& What coud be done inorder to improve
this place?

7. Whats a happy place that yo remem.
Hertha edit arche)

E Doyauttinkthathewesthereondiion
right fente perception of this
ple?

‘The fourth phases hat othe nasi of

camtcgtphy in oder to understand the ele

mens that compete plc inter the

‘ype of urban fii the histo and ach

vectra element, the natural envionment

(Gea tc andes public puces inthe

cmd

‘The 88h pha involves the contraction of

‘hemspot hppinew withthe ienistionot

pce asusta ie tota people who

‘eth pice the ptceptonthappinss

‘The map willbe the est ofalth aforo

in called the deen suey opera

ios analysis and cbsewaton,

The Charter of Happiness

The experiment ofthe method were cid

cut In publ spaces and areas dir by

types geographic econ and dimension.

‘he cae ules which have been cared cu

Inve Both the sim owes the method aná

esti what ce the factors which infarc

hoppine of pices.

‘The factor uted by thee casestudies a

low tocretetheChaterofHsppine pub.

Tsspceswihtwentypriciple TheChane,

which wll proposed the end fte paper

mem aan open and flexible too for ae
demie. ptes and administers for
the eration renkancementothapr places

‘The principles fr urban happnes in the

pati pue were deducedby the cae tdi

Exridcotusingtte Happy plasemethod AS

‘fore mentioned the Chane is meant an

open and el toa fo academies, pct

Sen and administrator the rio or

hancement agp.

‘The remite of his Chaner tan happy

pee isaspaewhich cantas eng of

happinistoereyone who we

1 Tes imponan tha both the plc den.
ty andthe intangible charter of
the te ants surroundings are present
inthe publi puce.

2 Its import to encourage the use of
theplceypepleciferen iecyles
From chilien tothe elisa do net
havearhteuralbarienwhichcandie
courgetheestance nta pace

3 A poble space should ll diferent
types functions (am, breaks. move
ment. Isle desirable tohave the pos

iby to psfrm gymnasie ates
with the presence mal equipment or
edited ne,

The pasty to ake tions that nt
ral te not performed such 5 walle
ing tano inthe wateror indicated
ases of publ pace ceatsafelng of
fended.

‘The compose elements of the space
should hve an appropri balance be
tween the elements of mature Lndiespe
Berre

The pretence fwaterin diferen shapes
promets the wali fie pie

The presence of asi elements in the
erent or date

The presence of sculptures. games, e
thet elements and amenities which can
cause asmileta person foo ase of
apes

‘The publi space should have the stra
lighting during the dy ad aia in
‘he other Hous of se. Anl Egel
Anc should esi.

‘An adequate sate of cleaines snd
Mentenane mus be ripest

‘The public space hao give sense ose
curly and sens in hote who walk
along

Iris important that there an absence
or controled presence of nese coming
from means often.

The pasty to peeve smellcoming
ty natural materia which compos the
space provides feig o hapines.
The se of natural materials pee
lec with he pos to experiment
touch pemepion ives a eli ofwell
bare.

‘The poil fing tons euh
malle watching et ia modera
cx slow pce promete opponunkies fo
breaks inthe pace
Thefeling of eing able o comite o
bee cf place inteses the fling
oftelonging oft,

The ecogaiion of the place as à sy
Bolero night improvsthe
perception of dei

The educational function which a plae
poses inretesis tinea

Tre pssbly fusetbespaceindire
seston sndwenhercondions peeve
‘etait andere
Ingondsttecfmainensie

30 The poly of wing new technolo:
esto increas the knowing of fn
tangible values and any can offer a
mot profound experience ofthe pe

Conclusions
‘The paper has presented the Happy pace
method aed cut inthe framework of à
IRISS. National tech Coun earch
ads new attention othe urban hap.
pines has ben given bu often in terms of
hors sense or fom an obsenanenal
pin of views The Happy place method sins
18 Being urban happiness and the fa
or which make places happy fom the uses
Print ofen The method consisin suya.
hs at, questionnaire. A seis of ase
alles have been cated out including in
particular square. pedestrian and seme.
desiste ub pas and waters.
uhr iris were selected parco
representative the iyofbelnging. sh
Hale Rie in Wahn, Lago Car
Seile in Napa, Bord Water in
Brenn The Bund in Shangha regards
he matos 798 At Dit in Bing:
Nantuogusan in eng Museums Quartier
near he clr dice
Team ak in Chicago, Ciygnden sie
Lui Misc) and Promenade de Ple
in Wie as regards the parks he Ramblas in.
Brel the Graben in Vienna a regard
the thorugh the Stadlounge in & Ca
en the Plc des Voge in Pai the Pieza del
(Camp in lens and Plat Telia Rome
regards que,

‘The rel ofthe pla case studs lowed
{he cation ofthe Chater of Happiness of
publ spaces with twenty principles. The
harter, which was proposed at the end of
‘he paper i mean an open and Bebe
tool for aademis,practioners and admin
arte forthe creen or enhancement of
happy places. The 0 piles aim to pro
ide heck st which a project hs to
Fs in ondrto enhance the happiness ofthe
pein question. making sure, however that
Pacehappnes is sustainable and not sed
forthe sole purpose frp consumption of
url rss The principles should not.
comedie ut domi, eng
withthe inertie rapid tes fchangein
petaca lad to expandingthe
scopeofthe concep chapines

AS eats nen
reno

Sn, sons al ope. stl
Be me le nate à
EHEN Re Eee Ke
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Qu 1995 Flic andtderiy stn hs
fe iio os Pred AP me wed
Fine as ud allan Oe Open
Lane On dh re

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Spe M. soe Reset canting nd
PAS i piss tie png
Sper tien natin) vice
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ne nan

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ong up inthe ine cy ren pet
Flats ew, Brow Bele 30

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Bruck, A sco. Suse depen
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Papers

Serafina Amoroso

Notes for a Decalogue of the happy city

Introduction
‘The happy city isthe compelling ink be
tween happiness intended both sa phys

caspatl and poehologi oeurscieni.
issue) and han planning and design. The
apy citys apela project that neds

spproch. Ths pope
considera spay se sora contruction
ha represente an senil lement ofthe
production of culture, A renewed tenio
arbol cimensonsot dpi
=the sealed spat tura” „can be ed
back to the mid gpo. but its pedagogka
sppiation has now to face new challenges
Induced by the cuen cis the behav
changes sulting fom the use of ew tech
nologies and the changing requirements of
he labour markets especial necesa
totale nto account be dimension f time
New typet ol educaig/erngacspes and
new models of governance re required that
muay speed over tine, be implemented snd

‘ide some notes and suggestions fora Der
erhsunive — aná, sometimes, they actual

iy They are by no means

‘ealithisues that overapeseh ther
hey ate achalleging collection of shot def.
Intons.sybeti guidelines and principles
descsiplens of tet practices and examples
A innovative approaches and paradigm
‘hit intended pursue ban happiness.

1. An educating city

A happy ey ian ection den comm
Aa ity. san educating and laraing
emvionmen, which at the ame time the

hj, the too and the ao of pedagogia
Elan plays an important ol in the
development of an urban culture that ries
seront of what makes the diference be
sure a stainable city and a threatening
dangerous uben envsonment. In oder o
sold new frm of inequality and slow ev
Gone to she opportunites that match
theless andachev ther wn

a lucas hy heen Soa os
formation and communi

ies Breryone hate ght to mecive tan
lng in oder to lato question the things
they sal tk for grated andt ento
Jeo at use and main publi and cols

tive spaces with care and affection,
Ari concepts framework shoudl
ded for posible fur development in
the relationship been educan and ur
sn planning the paradigm fifelong lear

ing and is implementation in
sand pre
"The spe of our every lives are cha
serve by the luning of funcional dis
into work places very often blend in
Heise and cs oral space hing spaces
an become ea spass or werk place.
ur eae called to become an extension
of radon indoor learning space. nad
tion to necessary instinional sfm of
national educations systems, this concept

tion e (tal, poychalisl, emotional)
stators and elos of urban món
vts of blog urban spaces with

duction and pedagogies] opportunites
On the other hand, new types of educaron
al spaces (che ent case, which
‘vis thanks tothe Intodusion of dig
tal media a a key pedagogia ook vital
Teaming platform leal nd gba learning
pathways) should be aranged buh inside
And ouside sches 10 malte formal in
Smmslandnonfermulehesion.

I. An adaptable city
Ah cyan pale at istosy
‘iy that ment manages tan
tion ina comen of significant changes and
ones ris An adaptable city egies a
revision of pblspriate eltonshipe. The
rational dichotomy between publie and
privat has ben overcome by innovative in
between methodologies, totomp iii
tives collaborative toi Architects and
‘bon should retin tl le In der
to mitch these new challenging approaches
‘hey should st 8 promotes cats eu.
stom entrepreneur, modeston who tipo
involve at many actor s posible in plan
ning process.

Is especialy necesay to tke nt acount
‘he dimension of time which ea hey ele
mento undemtand and test the dfn
(ons contemporary cites ae curently
suffering fo. Time should be arranged
to sve space and to shape and model bath
«lleve and individual sensory quay of
if Urban ine planets shoul thinkin
novaive strategie or patitemperal man
sgement of publ spaces and buildings ot
UMerenttempotlscles,

LA beautiful ety
A happy cy is a Demi The wae of
ein the histori Buropeancityisusually
‘heres fan inmate integration between
srbanstactre and mompholgy and aseo
identity whichis alo sense of belonging
to acommaiy, Urban sprawl and the aid
cexpasion of suburbs. on the one hınd and
‘he mussten of many ety centers on
the other have scleted the consump-
tion of the tana sere fent and
Beau New definitions and new contents
‘hold be pet cut in oder to match the ew
challenge of conteroporary urban envio
ment rein any compaiion withthe
Previous conditions ofthe inmereit The
rut of happiness and bey ha hited

‘hom the fullest of uivelyscepted
pd shaed standards (sta) models and
visions of urban living conditions (hese
denied and theorized by modernist fune
Sion) tea pew paadigmbasedon
the bath individual anclletv) achieve:
rent of god quali of sation
‘edn. hab Bey nd app
es have become pate concep. in
that they seve to define the proves of con.
trio, maintenance and reinvention of
the fundamental qualities assorted 10 à
tential and happy iy

IV An activating ety
Ahappyeiiyisacycha coats potentials
Happinesschauldbeinterpeedneisomuch
sth passive experience tin pleure
ut aber a away of tab ain in order
to achieve wellbeing The mos challengi
ise faction sat spatial poesia
rater than providing desig solurons thus
king urban Spaces a continuas rot
opentochange and transformations

The notion of ation teferredto her an ex
panded definition of Hannah Arend’ sage
a the philosopher Hannah Arendt, ston
ls one ofthe thee een conditions of
Surkeingintheworld and the highest rea
Jean of theta ato. Arend’ ston is
synonymous with agency which fees to
vols a say the ager te
hante ohristhe ete produced y actin.
ether imposed by necesi no by li.
action the impulse to se something new
In matin, to Inte change and merely
In the word both though words and deeds
Arendt dent indulge in palta mets
pasos the Fatals not an inherent
ty fa action e rather a contequene of
tbecondiionsoflivingtogtherwithoter
with à human puralty of unique beings
‘Therefore ston says sted among the
others. animation elses rl
onsips and is alway in concer. Is ey
components - freedom and prlity fink
the natin toa participer dimension and
tothe cy as pliteal ganization cf peo
Pie ving together the han a physical
fvzeamen! space The ty intended athe
Futsal (pa). as opposed the prise
Sphere (alts), acord to Arnd, the
nly pei sing orton onthe one
hand Arendr's schema private/public
hotomy suite ncompatibewithconter:

porary ate capitals sock where things
re much more complex onthe ther hand.
espese rescue Arendt for happy ur
anim thanks o the concerted phralti,
panicipaed dimension ofher account po.
Tiel tion

as Pasay pres (206) embodies om
tons asocia and ul ini ei
[Anusban tente athe ea of Fash which
wis a nee passgevoy between to
lings hasbeen converted ato sean
aged colectivo pe becoming ode ide
vide eur network of vey, prod
ventre and proximity rebinships

VA participatory/creative city
A happy iy à pariratay environment
that leaves room fr expresion and em
‘i A happy ey snot a passive victim of
the ess but a productivo agent of change
thot proms ses, ibis, acia.
Hons eto suppon each eter inorder to
enhance Mention, mann, pri.
vin of pice deity involvement Small
Sel interventions, which al and are
cata spe that ae persed 3 edges
and boundaries (anonymous facades or side
all or instance), con influence the emo-
Sion. the Behavior and the poysholgisat
wellbeing of wer and passersby. Cooper
tive. broma initiatives that reto his
id f paces make ther Jai. Crstvgy
spd pansion ae something more com
lex han just consultation ora passive ex
paince ofemctisnsinamement fleur:
they scher temp to iron and engage
people inthe reduction process The cra
milo of whan collective evens, Such 38
Hi and suet market a take
pense whl, atthe Sametime, vey:
one is sting a communication event and
cornet.

fractura stein cllaboraive
practices oundedin 1994 by Liza Pr Kath
tine Clarke and Jue Bidgcod and based
Gn London thinks difereniy about urban
planing and the existence of more efe
tive tol fr deting urban design nthe
Alb Al Pak projet (2012) mut planned
onsite aten auch painting and tempo.
‘ary transformation, neleing bth atts
spd inhabitants inthe design ofthe park,
‘molting rene of thir own cultural
trations The site fom a cur and bie
torcal pin of view was a ml sere

syocemadeup offrent (sndofenconfle
ral anédiegenn consuents mus work
med ieting a ot of omega shared
ace between penentions and gender o
‘hat everyone could filly enoy a pos
fie and collective experience "Use Fred
‘se making shared space asa means to test
‘he cmesging desig

VI. A delirious city
[happy city i dis ty inwhichlim-
ited points ofiew ae called upon toenter
into dalogue with one anther In orderto
generate new knowledge and multifocal
multiple and partial perspectives towards
reality. This accumulation of perspectives
prompts the production of new collecte
Spd telational subjectiviies and individu
awareness. which may represent ac.
political and ethical ell for responsibil
ty and enhances renewed concept of col.
Lectio proper, established by use rather
than y posesion

‘The concept of dele this paper ds ree
Angie quite close tothe concep ofan
raticeclbortedby Dina Perea hoe
bites are undermining transforming.
subverting norms ul, entities, shared
andreceived meanings Byondis eye
icalseneoftranegesion fom ne ad
‘ns Freudian meaning as inteonal censor
Ship nd ear, deli ea posite key
concepto comprehend a new eltonship
between theory and practice, thought and
on taining à cen utopian impule
inbeihefthem.

In pychoss, de is son of ach in the
prychis Sonst es à fu ofthe eo
fine, Ryshotee eed fo conser new
wold stems fom this stations they sue
edinconstructing à new reality by means
of halcimatons, which, being actually
relies of poychatecertinien, dont pr
ok als of ale they there net
Shed teal. By means ofthis sal the
porche subject produce himselihenelf
‘hough new oi. In heer sath or
lest subjectivity. the subject urs delim
intttonality which ulimatly.sthe oth
dec dels thinking. In such con
tex name meant o bean extended
‘ional in which thee is com fr eter
tions such punto Beaded to
nas probables to bed
dro cortaban

VIL An equitable city
A hop cy isan equtablecty that sto sy
‘ci that gheseveronethe chance o have
equal opportunities and ultimate a good
ná happy ie Thee are vaio dimensions
to egy (and therfore to happiness in an
equiuble iy). suongly ascciated with
‘uch ses a ight to werk igh to educa
on ight o heat shared response.
fir disons of benefit, ic housing
policies, nondiciminsoy disen
of amenities, (educational reresionl and
ea ca) cles and src

Janet McGaw. from the Faculty of Arche
ture, Balding and Planing the Univer
iy of Melk investigates apt make
van spaces mor equtbl, Her work, her
profesional and teaching practices imple
rented throughout ephemerl and tem.
porary intervention, use à collbocaive
Shared and dcusive sppicach, which can
be defined sa rte spi prac this
tanya way of wotkig tha croting dic
pinay Bourdais of stand architecture,
comes involved with Soci seais
hd chil dimenson, Her Urban Tread
(Goo project fr examples sed on her
collation with women who personal
expeñence margiaietion and homeless
sas an ephemerl ut ista
that focused on a process of placemaking
‘ced onthe insertion within Melbourne's
(kan bre pra nd Inia sheers
Urban interstices and publie spaces were
med into imaginary demenie room with
eins and dard garments. The isa
Aion gradual disappeared in a couple of
wees manipolsed and pa destroyed
by vandals and bythe iterations fom
passes by. These stil ta which we
nd occupy urban spaces, pre the em:
poral dimension of mechanisms dations
cute onthe fa thai om the ways of
ing pace, wile strategie” forthe sp
vial dimension and produce concepts’
spaces (the spaces of architects urban,
planner technicians) shaped by means of
tac modes and focused on wat Kindo
spaces reduced,

VIH. An inclusive city
A happy iy l succes in testing with
problems of over and exclusion an
Fhe city that enables hs Inhabians re

sles of any difrence of gender age,
ace religion. ethnic, economie means =
toaressandpaiciateinthe social pati
pole and economie dimensions ofits ie,
An inclusive ity mean patate plan
nine and decison making and accessible,
«qual opportunities for everyone. An inch
Slee iy as 1 har ts (experimental) ex
Peine inne forms cf governance
with eri inorder tts edict and
improve ls innovative spprosche Such
tools as workshop conferences intership,
exchange, dabas se very Important to
iseminae Batra and Intense sare
es and public pation about he im.
orante snd the inherent vales of ache
Sie urban governance

Aust einen ler ofeschsionshsuldbe
developed together with new definition and
method o measurement of pore, which
Should be based no only an low incomes =
such: ow werk intensity: our market,
tra precarios jobs declining socal
proton (ce of setresting welfre
State programs) (unlemplayment ba lo
nother patil temes such an sepegnion.
aná iferences material depivaton health
sndenvronmental influences hauing con.
‘ions and market seca and poil par.
Faro infasneture level educational
opportunities (scho in disadvantaged
as ait etn poli eae
men cesto quality seve

DK. Audi city

Urban collective spaces wheter they are
open ot not. ce FIM places. À al and
al ty makes people happier because
À cones tothe Aliment of dss,
expectations, physical and pryeholoies
comer which ar, ll of them, contingent,
continually hanging A faci revelsthe
expected the unamicpaed by designen)
the cea, the (fe) economica ie
lr pte ofuban spaces whith can
contrite to understand the nondancional
And noninstrumental secs cf contempo-
{ary prices ads in everyday ie
Calle anes that “Flay e an ocio of
pur wate: wast of me, energy, gen
Se. SK nd often of money" He gives the
définition of fs types of games = compet
ion (agi chance (ale, Simulation:
lying (minis, and erigen
nel (Ub = according o dierent Sets

cf rly and oles aumed by participante
‘Sevens analyzes diferent stags and loca.
tion of urban realm where these Kinds of
plays can cur and be served pats nr
ests sal aris má pops Pals
se linear sequences of pub spaces slong
‘which dynamic, unplanned creative atv
es y tae placenteros exemplify
Late dentioncfutani they 36
places of sudden unexpected encotes of
Ssemkiy and simultane. ad of dise:
tions which open up new posibliis and
Actions fr movement, expanding time
nd spice, Bundy conditions exis to be
‘he catalyst of tanspessve behav Elges
nd margins help people regule the level
engagement with stages and uncertain
huis Teirsengeoftogeteines aes
‘advantage ofthe confonable aspects of se
‘sion. Mehdi à boundary condition
‘hat canbe inhaled whic has am inside
and an outside whee movement andsecal
cncounters a pole 15 à wansiional
place, à bate and sof one, an in between
“pace which shallow enough allow for
conversan but deep enough 10 allow for
reee” Fras conste à “microns
py of ball elements thor strate human
experience and movement within the body
res They are small devices that make
people fel mote comfortable

XA dialogic city

Aa cy sa dao cp akii di
lego provides a sel framework 1 con
tual and define the comple lations
involved in the process af giving meanings
to place and ofplemaking Prisa,
ako Petare ae the hey words of à
ogi preach to ub planning and
design tha can be lest somewhere be.
tween. trtomup and top-down seg
caen paricipaor design and the legal
regutementsof regeneration projet.

‘The asimila of Bakbinian dialogó
into urban and architecture design Bd
on his definition of leer. "We wil cll
heonotopewhsse eral ruslion means
"Timespxe) the essential connection of
spotalterporal lationship asc >
‘imilited in Berre" The application of
‘he definicion of chronctopeto architecture
rest posible to dr» prall beween.
Schterture and narrative, between but
pce and nur time.Achrontopecan.

then be redefined sytem or networks
eltonshps that shapes range dif
ent pese of ving. The dsl
‘mension Bakhtin wrote abut ia tion
Space inhabited by bath he tenes andthe
amor in contra to the manage
dimension in which the characters ae mere
Spokespesons the autho ideas. The di
logic dimension ype and mui
resol dimension ofthe world seen fm
thers pente in the word ym
yes wth operation and loge dt
ferences andenes

Some conclusive remarks
‘The ty a whole can sill exe to the ex
tent that we kam tothink oft a network
ferme bt tages pars ie
chia and salar principles sil work on
‘we assure hat they may cngesthey are
tome and tentative entiet The
new shalenge of urton planning nd design
¡sto combine urban Sous with human Be
‘avout (oe appropriation shared practi
slogan, ete) tht may coma
{Be to here general ing 9 ho.
‘Bata hapy iy nota measurable ech
cols nd cannot be fly contlled and
‘undrstcod Our ordi. everyday life e
tivities ake pace within he frame of
5 dilgisl dimension onlting between
two ses behaviour poremed ty rules
cen merge with those shaped by conti
genes. Dueto the growing complexity of
Contemporary lle the statis and edition
ation of plan neds to be expanded to en.
Compas the posi of change, Discipline
y Pour eedtobe constantly rene
{ited An upgraded version of wan is
‘ected n onder to match he comply of
contemporary urban spaces. Such themes as
tartan design quals behavioural nom.
Jos and payehologzal welling should be
Fnterconnected and integrated with innova:
tive survey techniques new fms fel
level) governance and new method and for
muss ora processing and dsemination

+. Sec THEME RON 1: ADAPTABLE
imponen
bee pal as)

2 Seearenlt 36, in Godt,
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References

SRST 198 e marci Chen

NS ao e
apena dla Fares Mead

+ See Lore les al ke ene.
‘Hepes fips nde orga bre
Fée mien Bein hae)
ias BRAG ss Te nel
empire

+ MG LA el so Fm Paes ner.
elas pres Arete
Sipe RAs niet nd

a ate. 60 Manli Fees

+ de conca Mata Te ame gf cet
ee Rel und trey dein

2 Rong Eds, out fee
HAT es ne
+ heptane Coed ye
=
+ neta eta
Hosts
en cn 0
+ en ae Mo nent
+ Midian Corp teres
Hp mn
HA de Fer
BE,
+ MS pee pe toe
Bene
Pe Ra bac
«Ret ley Abana Pmt
{saan a tata nn
Se RE Wi
Tigers nit eae
Teo cores e
Sie cnc nies dema
Sonos awe als
ara cali
a ta
a
Ben
Ft es
ps
+ EST eh e tg
PT Aude ke

Artistic actions for a
happier Venice

Violeta Pies Vilas Boas

Introduction
Resarching on antic and cultural sete
impacts on publ spaces has ben ley 2
swap to develop segs that euld geer-
{he hope on publ space, Sine this
research up o know, had ben mot de
Welpen ls de Janeiro, tras handen hs
dial contra, ie soca nd economia
ones, at we were metiated o ecognize
mom andpaceinwitchthor contrats
‘were reduced in witch the feeling of Rap
ss was increased, despite al the uds
fea anxiety and inference hat penetrate
sci lon hic.

Proceeding thi resi Venice con
tats vel diferent origin and emetions
‘Romthoseseenin Ris de anale. Onthe th:
e hand global peces, Ike economist
Sndeuiturlerchanges and intense us of
people ze cti both ie

Venice was fr Leber, the city among the
‘ies and for many vistors, A producer an
fxpecttion of amusement, surprise and
happiness y enjoying peur beau.
Antic and clara events are part of Ven
eur heritage meting local con
moy and transforming city’s uban spaces
"These fa calendar of ferent evens sup.
posted by lca goverment, however ae
they realy generating happiness in public
ace? Ae there ay uni ae at
that might be mow connected o Venetian
residents? Those ae the fi questions for
this research.

‘Thus fs the concept f happiness in pub-
spaces must defined and vested. by e
Ting tothe ity development als
day and 1 ase and euhunl sas ets
on publ pus.

‘Then the hist of ane and cultural
vents in Venice must be appriched ino
(er to understand the socalled nd of
cule ts impact on publi spaces and on
Venetian nhatitant dl upto nom.
Final we intendto aaa eel epulton
for ani and cultural tivities in public
poet well for general public es. The
intention to understand how lea gover:
ment i simulan or setting people's

ponies of haine fn the cy, pin
ng out inves that are sengthening
the bond between inhabitant ands pubis
spaces through a and cule

People, cities and feelings
Harris ancora fear decana
In order to comprehend the mesning of
appine inthe cl, we mus undentund
the teases that made us, human, ve
together and to build cis beyond the sur
amas

Lis Man hd fired tt even be.
fore bein a center of permanent hen,
hey begins toes agathrig place
‘mutual tin’ and spiral sili,
rather thanteaing GAGNASCO 199 910
> Thus the ned meeting and cbr
together was th citys great funcion.

Hen Lefeboe also mentions thatthe ch.
eek fat a avale cf ter than à
‘al oftrade, meaning hat the cs main.
(Se the Celebration He tims “Dh te
ret heer the mcg happens, oth
ca een tp, sp
atl and med pegao (LEFEBVRE,
copar

agro airy thatthe cy dierent.
bing in some senses the opposite
of community since is a pla place or
separation and identity rss He refers 10
Simmals perception of post industal sc
sty in witch cy crowds had produced ke
ingsofindifferns,saltude andthe needof
Svat. In pr indi sci oca
relations were bated ina common sense of
ent cipochy andina

According to graso, in the presen diy,
rennais and villages inch
smote prbabl to have permanent ations
tion and ru ot pole ot
Abe them as communities With the ase
of communiestons and tenor, people
reconnected to multiple places: herr.
All ype of cies and wiles have societal
els, even if they als have community
nes Today’ cites and ages can be re
fered beset.

In one hand. intense Aus of people fom
diferent culture may simulse segrega
tion, sta way t protect he sens o ind
idly and identity. On the ther hand,
the aces to multiple culture and people
may provoke casal meetings and prod
‘Sve experiences witch may produce a sub-

sue ke an arte or palit! move
rent, or new brands and services. Those
ar social mechanisms ocur dueto the
hy ssrendipiy efec. This is connected
te Bum notion ofidentiy and cule,
in sites he aby te ae () wih
ensure comity @AUMAN, 2012 PE.
‘his means that cultural identity in Lea
cite consists in selecting recyling and
rearanging allel terial aile

Artistic andenural ande flings
Believing tht city must stimalte hap
ess through meetings and exchanges of
experiences ater than to provoke sess
ct indiferene through erestion that we
mas understand how aie and cultural
Ss hadoccunedtbroughtime,

From the fs celebrations in primitive set
lementsto gan oncens four diy, Buba-
rs Ehrenteich had eeschad he permanent
eed of humans to celebrate and experience
Joy together along im.

‘The evolutionary funtion of dance can be
Jus by encouraging humans tole in
Hager proups in onder to guarantee better
suvivalcondtons However even hada
rational fartion as pesant ty
‘Arsen Grek tal were bed en acai
tive loosen of contr and a tong conne
tion with god, Roman hilton howe
ft hd reduced those celebrations in order
to matin population comtrl Mase and
dance ver considered indecent ad vious.
nd citizen wre not allowed to gather iit
sess matinal lover or State al.
Chain uses have cat tal bat
they were represed ter becoming Rome's
ceil religion. tm 23% and 23° centres,
when dances were Bray emored fom
huh public fetes ccupied the
streets, Camival as a mo catholic celeb
ion represented clei oy and he es
cape e conventional roles Ehteteleh says
mo focale nthe
er fed (Caml was a hante are
Jom i (EHRENREICH. soto pet) She
(guste Goethe, when he Sys tht Carnal
issomething that people ire 1 themes,
‘Thus even Middle Ages hat repartent
ing fll of misery aná far pri an
Yaseen as abigopen arpa compared
th aan period that had led.

From 26810 19% century Church and Sate
od suppres Steen 36 well 38 every

post ofamement Sever tt
vere approved bash it fom Europe, ur
La Max Weber fm Ptestrtism and
capitalism expansion ha had indice a $-
er and motecontlled behave,

From French Berlin 1 the ao cen
ys decis celebrations onthe ets
ld only happen in planned way Aer
French voto ll yal and extol rt
als frome Ancient Regine bad tobe bat
fd Inthe place madness and spontaneity.
there was serenity and order In the same
pth fc spectacles hadsed pes
tocorgregae people ons pets.
Rock concen ofthe 160 symbolize a1
lion agin the spetta oe to witch
cin was rested ts audience wanted
to combate 208 century'scultre tha ad
rested movements in general weakening
pecple with physialimmciliaion and
entier presion.

‘Thus, rock had induced atta beron
and a ballon against war and sch in
Justice cresting scuhune ha wat par o
dominant structures, This is ko elec
fon several asi movement, ike Min
‘mal Conceptual and Land An, Fluus and
performances Aris had the need to con:
esttothe sity and secos way bei
ring commercial system of at and ra.
firming thei oc tle, Bernardo Secchi
deepens this perception, by afiming "hs
“ation topefermanc Smiles à plbia
sameness and itv at des el
Tne staning and eme, woh e co
quence fa dal pres of eBoy,
‘Delft pare no ts tae plc
(SECCHL 2000 pa»

"This privaten elites to Debordsociey
ofthe spectacle in witch people sc om.
merci emetinment an culture, ced
on individual prope, insted of ceo
heiten way ofelltvejoy.

For Ehenich,Camvalisehe festivity that
mos symboles human capacity of cl
lective jy Along time, tad sited be
teen being a way of socal control and à
‘shoal fer auto.

The history of Venice's artistic and
cultural acts

Venice atc and cultural events have
been pa ofthe city's myth long is story
and compose with ther at expesons the
immaterial prof ene,

Fabio loma had deb the hier de
velo af Venice sn indy olx
A tal not on curl nd ani
ven bu lo eel Kind of an expe
Son and curl productions e mus,
encre pb

ing houses todo in the 19%
est hd nunca rt tes
to mai belt abs and con
decently to imen ln an and ul.
ler Bom 1691 a cen Vee
ple sees wee gl ed fiv
es, publ igs bl ut, an. ofcourse
Cara. Veneta fae ud cobra.
Sons aut thei power'tinventmenson
fees wee away 1 demon he
love forthe ig well ae may of plu
and pei.

Carnal tdt at sx month ringing
viso andmalog ans pans
Sting. wich wa speed by Chai
Desi thers Buropen ces. Vencehad a
pi rele betwen ferment
dcha nce epllicnStte snd ap
ey had ie loges ad ona
AT principe Thee Does ha ed to
de Chacune on Vean Hé.
These wat an example ofthis tenon
Pris eras fo daly i, was
conserva media of =
In these ea and wer edo could
de eperncd thus was condemned by
hu The Republic had tlerted main
nina pue event om 1640 6%
cestas fon Bey api arin,
er cel bay à abd m te
‘efron ofan cl is te
AL ur OSCAR! soup)

In this proces. commis delle had
exagerar pect dame
fy iba eral adsl en.
Sion nd ied publ pce a na. Being
Sn eppitien 1 tay bee m a.
sees tha an tem popular chat.
Inonderto atid eprebenson and prete
innovation improvisation aná bi srs
ver hinder comen
(on ud ave diferent le He sng.
ing dancing, mai and cleus perfomane
ths conned te a dened Calo
ldo Venetian playwright ad decided
tomo 3 way o eve uc
tional fac ando segir the Borges
la Around 17% and 1 enun kw
Fatal che

Wü Venice's Bench occupation in 1797
rupted o prevent mbclionk Only in 1979.
sonoma and egal support of eal gow

bio Leman afi that Vence need
events to stc tourism meaning that it
mus produce memerbe episodes nord

nce Venetian calendar fled with
rents, however they seem mor elated
Souris strategy than oa formol gather.
Camp tb Venice squats =p where cl

well were concentated Since ie org
ph were conceived 3 3 meeting pls
inhabitans stil use campl as à meeting
place, however, in touristic zones, publi
Spaces ae often pivaind by cal govern
tment As Focal ama, “he vat ber

rates Venice as ange the concert of
Pale propery, Pa sc ae ne go m

In iy ha ke population dereates and
ovio population has à perspective of
growth it important to undertand hom

lie spaces have being controle and
sed especially, with anandeuue.

Public spaces for Venetians collective

happiness
public paces must beonlinned Consier

uses can be abusive to collective welfare.
However over contol con inhibit residents
sppropition oftheir pue spa

[Atte activities regulation indicas à
types of permissions raie ars dew
ing painting, photography et) may have

Caer ani Rel eels op, ornaments
and any attic ali tha can lich pub
Tsetse) may have only temporary au

Desennil authorizations have the maxi
ium numberof 4; semiannual ya and
petidie authorisations (for Othe Ar
Pelt, ro pr month rate ne su
aio = witch i mainly fer a trading
ar 7 ties superior thn for the Att
Pall

decennial suthovitions ust in San

surrounding re is 76. Tour

tte homer do mor cover a

ized in pl

Urban Foie Regulation has several est
tions to publi space uses that seem eg
rated, vague o uncontrollable, ike step
ping or siting on ras spaces. ying dow
specially designed for or standing i
publ puces without mation

had begun when, ater being prohibited
several times by the police fom den
manif he indignation in a website and

ne that et up shared ox
evinces and organized collective events in
Pb me

‘Those events gather ats, museos,
and workshops nan interview, Nac Ca
tau the att who intted SOS Ani
are constranedto a repultion based on the

Det isapion pose being bared with
ane and fines, Therefore, ait se pao
public spaces and for building amore oe

‘This movement alt had lead 0 comm
nity garden tht is cecuping publi par
tere to cultivate species of vegetables and
spices developing educational cities for
al children an involving her parents
and relives in a commune action, Those
experiences indicate that Venetian ami
“nd residents ae trying to improve colo
thre happies in publi spaces, despite all
government marine

In thow actor’ mils the gan Ven
ice sil ave" often used at away of ex
ping that ride sl ext even ifthe
‘hy seems to be populated only by tours.
les als expressed tht thos eins aim 10
revive Venice’ publ spaces Be they once
ee bingingto preset memoriesofa place
Conceivedtoguther andcelsbatetegethe.
While visting the community garden and
talking 1 he orga, had talado à
Senior resis acu site and colectivo
sons in Campe San Giacomo dia Mer
res represents the importance of ti
Ping are and cultura ations in public
Sspaesshesid that tllowshertobe child
sin and to play This remind à nds
rental concept ofcolletivey.symbolied
in Comite posto scape fom:
clnlcharatersin witch people ae ited Ina
cet way it isthe possibility of feed
witch alee fundamen for happines.

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Fi mese

The archeological heritage
of Reggio Calabria: a social
net of fruition

Salvatore Boruto

Description
Theo ideawatbornfomtheeedtonet
tete tht very te ind him
state aaa and por historic memory.
Through beth viral and rel eed in cur
rt en the nen ist put atthe center
tthe socalled neta of soil them
Seu of Ancient Gece sole fraction
be around and d ll the arborea
etage andar a bed within hewn
boundary ofthe historic

‘The program design sas lows:

The shae capital ofthe neo the places
„Cell Argenté

‘The Greek Walt

‘The Roman Baths

Reming ofthe ais Pines
Theremains of Va raboechets|
vie

The mus of the musical instrument /
Fite

Pak Grito Flak

The added value of the network the muse
¡mot Ancient Grece

ejes ide mal network and vital net
works
“Tetepatedranspot network

Integrated neworkfcukura heritage

augmentera
Enhancement

[Enhancement tun tothe ight ofthe me-
roti ses

Management: integted systems and par

nest

“Hetegition services
tnvolvementoflocal

(Partnership between he ars acters

‘The socalle apa ofthe network se
cally formed bythe archaelogicl heritage
which i was decided to cete 3 network

These rom our paint of view may oer an
increase in vale to the ene ety, simply
‘hough hir use and enjoyment The spe
in which they were taken nto account such
open i ordered by he ban imi of
‘he Mira center of the iy coming out
ofthis dimension, would un the tsk of
Teng the sense and cbetie ofthe pret
to develop Too much esperan could tom
intolinleintenst andsoon.
Notwithstanding the freeing the theme
fromthe thie proposed and thats definite
Iythe fst seu tat in fart clear
the intention 110 ers, though our
strategy. the potential ef buldingFaeatnk
ringing at ofthe border ners ofthe
stor user, Do understand tht the ban
fsb ofthe city a museum ell i fl
een the projec objectives.

Hence theft of thinking in building Pia
cel a the added vale of the network,
‘he staring point for every ‘exploration
moder city ofthe fly Morgana Think of
‘he Museum only tone of the tenths of
heit has nt pdf inthe ps hi in.
td a ne the strengths intersted with
inanetworkesuldbe from cur pont of view.
the way forthe development of cy.

From à design pont of view the primary
idea tong ssics between the var
us actora ing within the cit iin ft.
‘hugh to consider alway ation sted
slong the entre cast (5 in Caona Bose)
nd launched the iden of meto ares that
ustantes a connections onthe cose
nthe ther side = each son you shoul
create nodes exchangers where they cos
‘he al transpor with the road, wich Bike
Janes, Also a patra tine sll orne
‘whew youcan sees the elena informa
tion along Ihe route, a vrkable cultural
paths marked physically on the tenter.
‘hough colo, weetaton or et ould de
vo support the geral de networking.
From poet of view instead vial the ea
of aumente realy and that ofthe ee
rete that nts realty though amebie
device suchasasmanphone wihtheusecta
FC equipped wih webcam or the sensor,
with vision devices (ep Spectlespejeted
a the tina ening (headphones) and
rasipultion (loves) tha add mula
infomationtothe realty normal pereved
slay. igh beoneofthesrngh ofthe
pot ie ofthe network

Miss

LP
on rt

‘This shouldbe the time got in the de
elopment of he area though a center of
sation athe Museum of Ancient Gree
and polar oti archaeological assets that à
Title should te ie the Moon around the
Ets without the Bach al isnt He
‘would ive nomen toed,

From a managerial pint of view however
he ide of partnership in publi and pate
insti governments ande en could
bea key to song management within the
sre of our propos project, ln times of

scare economic rescues. streamline every
aro spent ia eneerkal imperative. The
des of networking of transport should be
Implemented by lal str: Municipal,
Province, Region and some preste pase
that would prvide eures and renewable
techado. The way that we cll the
ein of our picket tht ner
publi! pate, through à trong conta of
the investment (which. ca be sen kom
the lowing tables is very o) and à good
turn inthe org ru, to sustainably.

‘Teneo ten nt tk cnt ag ies

Objectives
‘The cbjetves ofthe project ate pa ofthe
fist proposed top and that i what Mu
rum a stato in acler andes
is because in the iterated network of
cale Piscenti place willbe the tong
point you mentioned ate and wilt
19 poling start the entire system of the
“pital ofthe network. On the one hand
‘through the ease of aces to sites placed
online thectherby the crested vial a
pacity to acces information support the
‘st and tothe knowledge ofthe sare plc
‘Theil lad 1 two diferent effect on
the environment: increased physical pres
fences (nd higher tourism and economic:
mechanisms in motion) and ether acta
ing a vinucus cicle in the center the iy.
whichgives apoitive image ou tsborders
Stn the ours indus of the ty (set
lly stops and ill int infncy) woul be
strong simulusto rears town showing
Some dificult his fice. Fromthe histor

cal memory of a cy with ancient cxgins
(ten forgotten it was dliterstely ons of
ur goal, Because without the knowledge
oftheir past cannot bold a beer future.

Tosummarie briefly the design sbjestves
ete ca sy thatthe projet should

Networking the achaecogial heritage
nd not
Intestethevitiilty ofthe Yoialeaptah
Make the museum the main ataction of
hich obit network eset

Inctesing the acces of Stes and
anse networks integting

Increase the vital information

Mend the historia memory.

Actions tobe taken
‘ations to be taken as previous men
ned during the presentation of the pro
sca different and at diferent levels
‘From à point of view sel rea the ae

ion that requires more intervention sa
ofthe integrated transpor system. nf,
the revival ofthe la tion, son.
doned fr eus could bean opportunity
for Deal transpan. A metro ares that com
ess he uo ends of he cy woul solve
several problems roads Create plats
change onthe various systems on the
ther hand offers diferen ways of mo-
ily and ato a the some time would be
to Suppon the enhancement of assets that
forme eaptalofthe network Insupport
ofthis action als there will e pederan
privileged in which symbols (es, instal
Istons color) willbethe uid tothe ser,
‘The plantings long the route of species
ences installations functional o colored
cordon along the pavement will guide
imangble place, OF noniving material,
which leo ving beings

ir eg cm
te coe eg
+ Chics memos promos dl Ma
Sparte Canton Toi» eden
de

"emo du bno d upp rs Roge
Reeder tlie end

opts al me a nor pes
+ Rog donne kan enters
1e Mine el eee Bunde del tone

Copper Seen Uta a ty I

Happiness and urban
design
Els Cagiono

Can we build happier cities?
An increasingly discussed topic inthe inter
national cultural scene, thanks tothe devel

pment of urban paies aimed a sustain
[Hl concent the corea between the
quality of urban ie andthe quality of Iie
‘pated o the unan coiscament. By
‘chology al to urton planing crio.
oy housing and ban design study his
Anh Their main contibtion as
swell as bjcie to analyz the influence
‘ofthe environment on ou behavior and on
cut mind andviceveres understand how the
‘man, with hie mind and is behavior may
charge the environment. ie Important
nowadaystothinholically about pate
ss reset he renewal ef the tesi and
Sp mubiducipinsy cera bated abo
fn the contact withthe aident ofl the
fap to ofen found among Hear planing
ndthe need ofthe population

Considering how the environment cond
tions human Behavior, an extreme and im
presio cae is bete by an experiment
nthe petception of bea performed by
‘sins Jshus Bell ina subway In Wash
ington, The man on col January morning,

ean)

satin subway sation andbegan playing
Bich pices with he von fr 45 mine.
Ie wat estimated that ding this period of
time, chosen trash hour there has ben a
transit oft lest 1.200 people who weno
wor, among them cal is old you back
Bi, about 20 gave some money, ut comi
‘ued walk normally At the endfthe exh
ten mo oe applauded er wa ther ary
recognition In i regard. who poyed more
sttntion hat ben ail of thee yen cl,
is mathe urge him ory, but the id
stoppedtoloakstthew

this bu the violin wat one of the mos
taleted musicians inthe world and two
days before he ol au at a these in Bos
tonwhete the seats com was averaged 100
Thisexpeimentis fal frelticns on what
Is and what hs era ar pee, we
donot havea momento top and lisento à
ani among the be the wordplay.
ing the bes mus ever writen how may
ctherthings ae we misting?

The sense of beauty today i drastically
changing andevelving into something were
ot ed and prepared. At now you have no
mote time to pause for a moment in as
vray o lite to gest ito of lait
muse s you do not have mote ie too:
change afew words with neighbour orte
Toot the bests four

init No oe knew

Now thinking about how we can aust in
‘the bulk envionment four cts "hap
nese cyl” we can an fom the cy el,
vts ystems nd forma Evidence snd

Searches hive demnstaed how cites bs
Cally dxignemstional i, how the bull en
‘ronment inflence sur har. how we
treat eachetherand bow we el Rrezample
swhichshape symbol gress afecingol
Inclusion andbeckonsthe vewertobedawn
in whateverthe center may bold? Th circle,
The ik geomerie aheiype ofthe poche
De Cat fungassumes beings natural peo
Pie together and makes see coma in
Staying along with ther people and mos
sll makes elcalm and profs whale, o
bettie If foreach Bk there wes tobe
cal garden or imp aras bench,
pecplewouldbe guided natural tolook its
es year te pace andere
Connections would become 3 much eer
kr death

Combi amengs people cues 10
‘hin more shui. mote copertively
smth sjstbeativaeshit we eed inthe
pri challenge ofthisutan nu.

Unit and amardevining water Chart
Monge pints ut tha the mos impor
tant ingdin of aman bappnes iat mon
ser fc, soil onnetons There
fee the happy cy e a social ey sore all
‘The impeance of oil connection swe
explained by economia John Hein who
‘Compe Be satten which ithe mes
sre ot hppness wth pote ln eg
Vs in es ars Canada What he und
us 3 song comen between thee two.
sal the more people si the have us
inthe eos the happier pele nh iy
ssid they were. Money mates but scan
mattesevenmor eelewhoaressrallycom
rected se more sien and otr hard
times mote ey they get ove ne more
<qetythelelonger sranarergeoffiten.
ens more then pope who are disonneted
they se mero prev werk inet Soil
hapines conse very song wth eo
nomi: grow At sata te ai for
app reir, ea and weakly sky
we shoul sincerely care abo bling soi
Sections And incre to bud social on
esting the cy mus fer to ls nh
insurers to inert hee toe con-
fet with theses and te sunsundig
vo late vivien and tthe same
tie toma chilrentofelefe and happy in
‘heenvrament. lts pis ninio.
coe cannot sane ensure the

pers nds stent scott
conidios ine ke though dm
ing and he seta of th ei loto
‘hang th behavior and ehe quali of it
the chien. Mos important. the cy needs
tote thoughout neh all Thecky bl
from he thought and position. an give
rite ane qye Taisrelinare
ede the sharing of spaces and place des
andes and a ind educan fr o.
ia rin and the sense tay evi
‘cepted no tha the mesning ofthc can
elimino hevoc bula dfitionot gg
te ouf. The city acters only
chiite. tat by making space in the best
pele with bis range mote or
less regulan. 5 so form acometer way
cf patil proved ple services and

toner che may be cesary to provide
favorable condsions fo soil if. Basic
speaking the cy hese ots inhabitants
‘herent ofwhich ene the sum of number,
tut something more, tat spark tht comes
fromthe purpose fees and the
coat iy Teter cys ot an abat
concept and de ct expres step isi
‘tea concrete form Where whats thought
canten be acomplia.

Urban echo Araba nd babas opte
aed bn planing a mas tor a
‘tia andes

The engineer and perfmer Latent Feit
stoned few yen ago a teach which be
named ban psychoanalysis Along with ts
sión ANP stating fom the ea thst
cies hve asubconsccus and se jus ike
mans neureses ates complex ad i
deniers heerplesthereltonshipbetween
wha ppchologssel eldest’ an pase
len nd entity andthe eno
‘he ple contanly undermined bande
ay ande depersnazaton af places Aided
lathe toot of pychoamalsntewiewing
the sides ofthe pair hy and diver
ng Hy hoy gh thei myths ná a
‘nde De rt and sem andy he cole.
‘ita goingbktothe damage cased the
‘bn desig andfnalpourina performance
on sige the existent conditions of the cy
nds inhakkans in a fomes of seal
sm and procesion. The ANPUalsotakesthe
tuebletoanigntnatmentstoremedythecyy
oe ah he. ps Int he haben
‘he sed of change, Tein with the in
aka and aking an atte and chin
approche ame time (he working group
cmd profes uch ates
aná phot) o point be finger onthe
Problems ofa ingingtaktolghthein-
“equte degnonwhichthey a formed ssn
rates tees on how feel we cin
edhe litmus tes ofan pling and how
sre can make dference if we were to ben.
‘okedinthelaery enfringeurea eds

References

ES nes Jo Hay On man
Simi u ung To an Den,
else qe nr

+ Cane pee Pg, and Sebo:
lao cla werk «Peine Pesos
a

Parental Advisory.
Experience is the Content!
Salvatore Carbone, Saa Omass

The surety of safety
Sometimes Ik el lt busen
ede felis prety alley
‘much ele Teproparyanduchlengare
goth abo sa that man parses nes
Salo pres, they men ref nd
‘dango cadet. Te human ae fit
“dtr ao hak se fe aes
au.

Matan Sono

‘The adaption to rest requires continu
cusfrustationefvimitve human impulse
(Freud 192 in hi studies on cent SI
mund Freud retaining to much uns
tory he nature of aly. agp ha one of
the waptosatsy human wishothappines,
compatible with widespread scl conven.
on ed inthe ac of playing fr children.
and inthe act of dreaming fr adults.
During the la decades the ing ad the
scene eii of motera, deep
modified the condition of public and 0.
omic if, preparing the ground for a new
Social shere in which the emerged be.
‘ives enegtied their vales and pio
ties neeasingly people elthe need pro.
tect themselves from a general danger ate
thot cle com over an even mare
imporershed and prcaius middle ls.
‘Toowetke thi sto, people developed
sétepineliatontofreusonthe absence
fra and knowledge of anges to tcp,
foering a ble sphee where prescrip
tion preai above all This pathologie state
inter Lise an unconditional
Compliance of Sens o an overflowing
pps af control hat shapes peoples de.
Sites eat and above al ets art and
Nepison)

The nestosclentst Antonio Damiso ar
ues that unconscious felings and inl
ations can substantially influence dec
sion procedures of people (Damato 1999)
Ini for this eason that fas represents one
ofthe key elements of Binding egltory
spparaesthat fosters the market urban
security

TE

‘The eaten ron boi up kind een,
dius of rater Serenity and gustan
Ses akindotien dopsedto sie the
happiness coming fom the imaginaron of
what cycanunexpetedly fers

Fecple acepto ie im what Michel Ps
sale defines apro sity because ofthe
widespread thought that wichdwing fom
À makes chiens more exposed unse and
tested out they ae nct oy the abject of
Secu lo he subj.

(One ofthe most dangerous aspects ofthis
Foco ls the rk tha tomorow cen.
hp il be even more dramaticly famed
in such a condition of oie and uncertain
27 dueto nations wuck on securing
rules and presets

Ben hola Bläings ne protected envi
ronments. where stereatyped. repele and
pain experiences occur sess pate
that should repare youth fr ie ide
at just stoke the deep ists creeping be
Nowadays new generation fie ary incon
sinentcondtioonthe ne hand we nt sn
‘Sknowledgement other fsx
‘esto pay tention tat seau or and
support though national and international
inliaiertontheetherhandaseisofmes-
sues going the opposite way ate dy ad
copted.theesxeningth life quality andtheir.
healthy poyhophysinl development

There av, example, parameters and re
quieren through which producing ik
fre environments which even inthe places
where happiness should happens, provide
Confined mierowerldo any ut standard
tions of play. Today’ typical playgrounds
bre amsinenans fe, aged arcas tht em
phe safety more than eal thinking,
ma resting, hopeful investigation, or
“Ari adventure (Sloman 2080),

Here he individual and group centres
is limited or even obstructed by hyper
cute devices manufetuned by Indy and
required bth y regulations and the secu
teed chiaens

Inthis contest cons tering pont
ss exploring experiencing, Iunching eit
ing string something new, se darned
and the ality to discover through inter
‘tion type in childhood imited by
rales crested 1 reses adults ules pro
viding game action ta ae mechanical
indallnsting

ie note how nowadays ia
games ber ange le ae neue
can typeby represent the es option
to ensure the maximum sitio of sich
‘tense and precationary poston ta
her protection pete als
fome responsiiis.

Mewadsys à comideable amount af dus
meer show tha th os cortes
ingumesandıhe ek stain playgrounds
leadtoanetableredatininthe development
young peopl abit.

‘hela aie mdmténonous pente
experiences, besides peuicing the parho-
physical development cases à significan
detent ofsichenprenes fat develop
‘he social shilsf youn people (Cerio and
ear zo Healy an
Accoringto INA dt shouts ely
linkable 2 the Lek of physal development
together with he incpaty to eoprine dan.
ges ands veer cres fom 2009.
‘The Cardo Gavin Sandesck cf the E
Serve hs shown inten yer the
surenghofchdren aos ely 2456 (Cohen
Lor) wii in Gemanysomesare tas
end agit and grado don
éco (engin balance manning
unirgintheyoungersegmentsofthe por
tion bou oo cf idrenatendg choot
hae-acrdngto the pudimicians and de
tow secure. postura def

‘Bren Intels abies (pein. math, ab
sat thinking. era) ae compromised
Andthescsumeneesftypkali adi dees
eg toa ventenage.

Im such a scenario doctors and sociologia
age in defying a conteo case
of cena behavioural problems - such as
sation self harm violence and ps.
simi be inadequacy of relational and
tectestionalenvionments addresedto chil
dre and docena.

"Therefore, how insta profesiona and
ines can work to the region of an
ea ofinhakting publ pue in which wet
faye ad empty costo he comertones
cfhapynes?

The experience of play

Fable spaces, especial hot dedicate to
childen and adlescent ae ths conceived
‘hinking almost echo tem respon:
sis and concern of union and

(On the one hand ino buy copy
runs by compares tha sel pet cost
er than pre hernie to sume
Lea iy on fases en the eter hand
ents fe in Rowing hat someone as
eermiedthst consi ps ep

ple fel so umbl 1 conte te een
sound themthat they fc cn peeing and
ctrl ther chien. They emange
ther cien because that iste ne ema
Ing sens ver they can emcee author
ie One 200.

Inti way playsound hove Become ver
rotted and, sometimes een cel and
edge. whee fees ior penta fers
moi often coming in than of gt
ting ot Chien ae ina by aul es
‘ha somete ke her wonder why they
siculigotoapiesodugeras.

‘The ik is destrping the seal capacities of
place of whan happiness where chien
hose ives ate there cicursribed by
ge sali rein, etic gin poverty,
social sá, ec, ean come together |] aná
Andıheiromn level amongst the mix fat
0 im ways that they cannot anprhere else
inthe ves,

Farm playgrounds cold pert
good hubs publ spaces whee po
ee oe ndovertohng eu. nd end
Shpandgain sense ofeommuni.

Asthme shows playpicundsan ect a
Secas vals td and tons The
peint ane of conce and any fers
ms fini that song ete
tierce enable ae
ese bss gene not upp and it
cach the everyone waches cat fr hiel
Ais teresting ok at Scandinavian un.
tes Nora im pics whee pan
fe training grounds for sc eos
caes ae response folle chien
(alert lso) Tis condition cé yo
supervision erases patents that an alt
Isalways watching thee chile socom
fons kids ty eng ehem know that they ate
being montoced st anthingths Bonos
ecu Insuch atratng atmosphere, pen
feel they can encourage tei cient be
salen (Salomon 201) scoring 235
altas ot tre in Sing ways
retest yo ene bt rar ang
{5 provide them the slo fo mul age
iendhips tobe independent faethe pos
last aan thewaptoncen

re Poa Lara, Pag ee, Bes, uy

Panico intresting isthe werk of Ha
genZchar Aiktéker ln Trondheim, when.
inaor.cheybui a Cave forthe Bb
Kindergarten using upeycled scrape fer
cell com, The Ii playground designed
bs

twee Square meters cube ha morph into

den rom two to Be years old à

ters can lave chtis before en
ing no ark tunel where covering
Smindeofereve and spocy spaces
Tedingimtointemalorganie rooms Kids can
hip ech thro overtake he slippery tn
els sondsting to secre lation paces
whet their oe cant E hend by pants
case ofthe deste propres the bull
ingmatesl Romer point fie prets
can dieu go inside, but such à diff
Les ensure thatthe playground’ really
Place where Ki ae ot als ins them

Sethe ability take care ofthis
‘rther important quetion emerging kom
‘his analysis that containment ian longer
ble Sluion,physzal and concept

bares hatote verhrown in fovourtoan
ie ofintrgeneonal pacapes more
than playgrounds = that coherently meme
swith their suroundings, She specifiy Is
3 precios design subject through which
ches can play a relevant sell ce by
ini memeis in people roving ev
live teroralexpedences, Norwegian
che TYIN Tegetue provided sn Im
portant decinatonofthe aforesaid approach
in Klong Try one ofthe Inge and sles
informal dwellings in Bangkok. Klong Toy.
Community Lanter ea plascape set nan
steathathadBeenused sa andllbyinhab-
ans afer he Is oft use ar ace ld
‘The arte a combination of many bo
ti dsg and concept anden

ofthe tue lacking in the te including
ew hoops for ast. a ste frp
ances or publi meeting, wall or ki.
ing and seing bth inside and round tl
edges ofthe playgecunds (TIN Tegner
ná Skeid 3014} Five to en yeas od ids
described ing drawing, their dal et

me her expectations and des fe the
ee public pe. TYIN architects rie
the pesisenc inal graphie Musica
of stokes mpreeiing sunteams they de
ce that the poet Should have provided
Shady ares in place where sun eh
al on sues with tg het ware. Young
Pursuit panicpatedtothe prof
Imagining which Kind of relationship were
needed inthe new spaces: fo example their
drawings showed à playsape used in his
etai to rato that make the obong
Building with he central courtyard usb
ls 45 meters height 10a Two wosden walls
permeable towards the setae ered to
simply the climbing of chilien who de
Tight in eahing the higher hoe wit
ing stair The whole buildings usb by
iss ly aeabut the same elements pet
fect othe need fads torbe e
sh gee bene
Sais ages temporal qual the spaces
‘fCommuniy Lanter where evry member
ofthe eighborhoodiwelome,

lourdes

InBurpe depth reactance fay coun.
‘es ike aly toas y o eto yong
ner lion acepte andre
piste po y capote les
hal eget sprint GP.
ss nm wa of malig laa mt
‘aban pace. With appropriate al pub
intercalan emirenment can be in
ed a workshop of en where expe
ences Hows while people val nd choose
chen many eses pe th bete
other ned and expectation this one
ins in comm i which ne me
apemers tablished on bw Ting together
Berefning by mural défenses Spontane
cues. ump and freedom of ue
gs are relevant calc toes proving
ppotuniis of rtanty in which normal
and nest experience Id o is
covertly ad happinesshnghgesues.
‘Sens nd th the unesptedconie.
quences generated om In Frvagio ses, à
ine town inthe Beca terry cds
che ring to European standard,
rod ona green parcel f 1300 square me
tint anew bling neighbourhood
(ented around pressing pava ta
nom of geometrical elements, debes tre
ses charateried y ti pei spi=
«bula Thee arnes cbpitocimb pas.
oso hang in order 1 oveake many tle
legs here chile can supa their
Tints Performing experiences ice
compen and graying In he same aa the
Spinne atures canbe ued by ads or
‘hei tring ad Snes strand by D
cal stas a supporto shape exhibition
imi simply by ing tempor pane
lot orbe pathway acomporono
reds planar sen define lala
providing wide range of tons where be
Ing tgebe aloe ot with andsape.
Cancer to Re used by al to scale
ring chiles ly it fla hype
‘whee Kids can imgine frail landscapes
and stron. thanks to suggestions rele
ly sree. Pre seating in an ban Bi
ing romo magia an exhib spe fom
woking cut plying thee sno indetin-
Sep onthe we of spre aly Emouable con.
sion Cies ae elite inveeschtine
‘hei own aysoinhaiting the park Emb
ing sn eso eig not aimed to spatial
him ut instead temperate the space
Gere.

Conclusions
«Architecture ia política el and cog
tv sytem that can enable she publ to
ces complexity building lie capa
iy for political agency and ations local
seals (Cruz 01)
Despite urban renal spaces fr young
ele have been invemigated and cried
Since the 704 stall the same charter
His fas yeas ao esi
The chance to experience psc then st
day is define by game manufacturers that
mostly otr single purpose and not con
gore products Asmallamountofequip
met general fished o allow Shot
ame low complesity actives thatinduce
(id exercises and games without mains.
tives
everest isla tar acing the design
of plhyprounds, new generations of pros
Siena can experiment innere way o
reconnet youngpeople withubuneniron
ren see a à pce where sharing exper
Once and sergehening personales
ter interdited silenced by ar and
prescription can hardy be understood and
respected by inhabitants who will more
nd mote sur the Lack of opportunites
‘hough Which meeting up in a muta and
happy coince
‘without a prope poly onthe see play
At il be always more hard nd chances
to fer social shill and internal rules
common sense and mutual respect. no
ome will provide or mains of inerte
Sly and unprediiliyto approach and
toselve-maybeincelbborsionwithethers
the natural ande of people to negtite
rissa dama luting and emerging ten.
Sons will mule more and more eternal
Contilutonstobesmecthoxt
Iistheteforeuigent to give serious thought
to reconsider the regulatory, carl and
design potions, with which, in the lst
decades, urban environments for young
renetions have been designe: probably
feodtepinning couldbetakinginto account
thot elie demands courge, endurance and
Streng, but we continue to underestimate
the space of len or taking ks. en
Joyingthe mulation danger and nding
things out for ihemsees» (Lady Allen of
Hustwood 8)

1 Seche dpi pale Chane
Mc ase les
Lino encens cl dy
pie rule elo
Stet eme nd ately
nd tened cts
et eo ede Be
‘Senet ih o ee.

1 Mas poeme chest et
en) cd ch
dément er barbe oe
¿pay incre Clr albert.
Len Ole Ku on. Ped
Nib ded sepa pre aie
era an Mo
‘ten Eon área ion
Penn Galen Patsy
‘eran le feat,

y Bane sk est London Ring
bese and lemon
Sung soe > ee rend
Uae rn Eng

References
EEE Ban Stine Yo. Mat tte
Aa Are Tune Sells Change
fp Maer Pes gh Cen L
‘tte sor ening Uneven cree
vate aq Sup D Une come

ey pls Cdad Cool Sn Maa
nie

Bisse, Pages © CE Une one
San
Sims
E
Ko ra ded Ro epoca Bios
NON “
ea
St Ant ie res
Bde Me and Anne Na go eso
er
Sen
Beet

nee, Mag À 1
de ARE
D ro ma
eee A Oo Ra
‘ot de oer
Shae ene ore toe chk
Precis

Ele esd ue dy
SIN topes Ane Ste 0
inv ho Pin gene Ri
Sk rm He se Sind Sr
Mel sve, Te Ds oy
ade Spe rn Oe
Sy Eee ei ed ween

ita

Trigger the everyday public
space, experience the

happiness
Ling Chen

What happiness is?
"eyes happy? This the question posted
to various people ll sound Chins By the
joumlit in October zz. TheCCTV $ pro.
gran iting Grass Roots Hearing Voices
‘he People” Brondested the election and
response ofheinteniewsin amuliepinde
elit special which prompted a wide dis
cession about what happiness in China
What announced me stat no mater what
answer people gave: st almas ate
Tooked puzing aná ben offended fist
time, Bren the famous writen the Nobel Prize
Winner- Mo Yan pave the answer did po
now whether ashe happy ct seems
tha or mos Chinese people they do net
now what happines fo they ecto
press what they fel the happiness

aies based mv egresos
Happines ls estimar complicated
concept be iden, though thee are
So many agencies giving fern happiness
report every yar (Hell 3 2013) and
Somme equation has been given 10 measure
the happiness (Kahneman, 3999. Pople
ong to understand i by clase or
Taking ko the quality of public fies
nitrates which dec lead this
conception tothe urban eld Acts the
al fr people to discuss thi ue cam be
considered asthe repercussions ofthe 1908
ná 290 end finshed so vales a
‘ompeiive parameter inthe ieretycom.
petition and the dese t find colons to
the challenges posed by the environment
(Geht ae 2013 No matter how, the
cases and condition ofthe happiness var
iessignicatyty people and diverse
inclure and time, hstraing te ann.
degrees pal and ont

However, what wecanshae i that app
ess i 2 stable mental or emaonal state
re up dy the lient of the dire
(Grin. 986 Novick 2979 something
Bey connects with the pesonal fling
and ebsteswiththe whole social condtons.
‘This stare can expli the phenomenon.

‘hough the material con sty the ned
period of ime. however, the defien in-
Side cant keep the flog stable ad wll
drop int the much deeper äsappented
‘The sendy happiness can only come fom
the table veya ile and the keep on >
ing relationship with people. Or in another
oc ithe or the sci which di
rectly Influences the feng of happiness
ot only fom the dist stimulation ofthe
use eneirenment but alo by shaping
the personal inside, The nkage of the
malin and shaping progres ston
and speech, à way of communication, or
An expression and feedback system Brey
Speaking. smocth and accurate expresion
and sstaiabe and sed edbeck con-
Ste he ss ofhappines a hs system.
theexpresion plas the fundamental olas
‘isthe stag ein,

The Che Ara,
‘When we transe ur foes on expretion
vue can properly explain why thse people
vob had ben inemieed locked psig
‘Theirappszance showing they den know
how to express themselves. seems that
they ak the bility to present thei ling
by languecr spech This lemma station
comes both tom Chines tradions andthe
worldright now

From Greece time to nowadays, human be
ings ate aura be consideras pola
ot ca animale and the ideology ha the
Ihumanbeingeanusethewordstoshow eit
opinions no materinthe Ago crinthetel-
vision programs is instinctive. Though the
Speech ls nat ays considered a the only
say fr expesion ad it varied significant
eos he rent cultraltradtion is
as been extreme emphasize’ Especial
Under theteendofgebletionandcompl-
tion, the ie and communion besame
much mote ey on the wots or symbol
‘The lel and direct expression especial
ly by the speech besame so significant al
became kid of mark or ace man.
However in Chinese tradition the speech
the directly expression ino always con
Stress à good réputation, In Tas Te Ch
tng here ae o many phases ampli the
permicioanes o showing ones personal
Ay tothe then, and highligh the enh
ofthe lene Such ae “He ation fake
Harmony semaine” Not ony in thi ancient,

book theChinee parent nowadays till
the phase "speaking and acting cautiously
to edu their chilien Which made Chi
ese people or most Asian people ae sup-
posed to be shy bythe eter par of word,
Ast dliinthed the chanel of expresion
blocked upthe way fr Chinese people
feck achieve andexpess happiness

COnthe ther hand withthe rapid urbane:
tion and growth of GDP, the capitalism and
consumer peared and captured China
‘These wo complicated social nd economic
tem and ideology ad ben cried by
the experts fom so many feld in the pas
few decades in the developed werlä di
rectly or indirectly caused the pigchoogt
Calchangesof people. More concentrations
firent values ates than he product,
dvenisement become much more impo.
tant than the function A wide nace
ve been spread among the crowd. people
always asking themselves "wha this per
Son that ever means o me which hs the
double quality of being a woraciussbiorp
tion in elf needs ad the block to thee a
lime. (Sener, 1977) This hungry fling
encourage people 10 ask mete, and mare
they fet diappeined, the les happiness
they achive

In this dilemme condition seems that
the Chineses expression and fll cie
ad been competed broken Howeve the
apps as nt go eri weld the
ity ily lie and social activi some.
times beaded bythe ther pat ofthe
world How it happened?

Digging from everyday life
[Although the spa wat already in the
snes of eating “imaginary need and
the everyday ie increasingly colonised by
the commodity and bence shrouded in all
ind of mpricaton fetishism and don.
ation Mare pete, 992 Theevery
chy fe arc she a ofthe weak witht
feature of everywhere inthe everyday sa
An undercuren to negate or tansress the
dominant le of capitale (De Cate,
me 192)

Lyebaweensiacendsaigs
In China een nthe megachies Ike Bejing
Shanghai or Wahn, we can en find aged
people dace every day in the square, Chi
ese people al quere die

TE

Bst on the investigation cried out in Wes
han 2013 emite square er tian
open space hs varicus shapes and with di
‘verstyofowershipwhich an dapat least
10 people to dance together. should nat
a every Le sometimes a tret come is
enough ean be inthe park on the bigstage
in ron ofthe shopping malorconcet hal,
‘under the vida or simply on the iw.
No matter where the seis the musi
feet element othe dance And
als this etoedinrly oad musi cause
tremendos socialise and wide diesen.
out ths phenomenon.

‘The recono how tis ai happened is
vasos Thetooearyetirement age andthe
Id of in the stewed enterprises ra
sion cese the majority ofthis grup of
people who between oto co years cd with
(ut work and string the Beaty pro
lems. The memories of the good ald days,
no matter into te page reed with the
county (Chen 207)orinkto shonin
once during the Cura Revolution in
Spin people to ge together and chose the
dance a lingusge The government ado
tes people to do more exercises to keep on
healthy Chen 2007 gives people an excuse
vo ight against he authorities. No mater
what ety the ease is no one can doubt
‘hat her dance a pefommative and phys
calappeaing (Wang 201.1 mater where
‘hey at thelr civiles bay tact pas
sy spor Lower down thee speed, some
ie even make them in in her acts
Nes all dancer sprite the andenes.
nd they even cones thatthe efforts they
putinthirdancelsreltedwiththe amber
ofthe audiences (Wan. 214). Despite sing
dance aan fective way of ding exe,
‘hey more cherish tay o show their
‘easy and health condon tothe publ
‘They use their body language to expe
‘hemseves, just ike their words Bel in
ge. but young in mind: the setting sun had
‘oundless beauty ie

‘The muse they used normaly 6 finger
oping pop muse sometimes includes net
omg, nd most oftheir dance base on the
iso dance nied with a tof opel
mens ether Ike theo sho one. The
teat content ofthe song always bout love
Anderenyda Me thing withotanyertieal
of deep thinking which not comely con
‘idee solar brenda ud pu

ie That the weak pin where people ho
igh gains normal riu, As they
consider ths Kind of songs is nt ee
and nt appropriate for everyone especially
st her However In my poi ie,
it this lowbrow and grosser mus break
the wall between the pre and public and
evokes peoples expression, Oe the muse
‘estes an tmosphere in which people an
atom rather han tik bythe dsiplined
si ie Not only for the dances bu lo
the audiences the mie transform the si
Jen publ apace toa space vei and fall
coflanguoge nd songs.

Laurent cemento
At only he aged people who usualy be
considered asthe ones with plenty o times
to waste the teenagers ao have thelr way
to express and achieve happiness, For the
teenage in hina one ofthe mos popular
scies in ae tne copla Die
nt with what happened In Io headtreum
Japan and Western counties. ited by the
lick of ACG industry, the cosplay in China
Jae ls special chatacters the
situation Japan ha copla is main an
And performance, the coses in China
lays have their own group and perform
wäh their group. They ad some personal
comprehension int the final characters
spdstoies rather than present exactly alike
the ain. (Wang, 2010) The mo com
on way they ate dealing with he original
any is at plc up few section and abi
them with ther comprehension 9 make
à new one, This fes also made taking
splay photos cutie inthe urban space,
"athe than inthe phoostudis much more
pope. This activi connects the world of
Ave andthre dimensions and alo inks the
personal everyday life and thinking tothe
pub

Base onthe survey in 2013. there are more
than jo places we can easly recognize, In
the han arbore where they take their
cosplay photos, by reading thei ial phox
tos on thelr websites. The sites disbued
even inthe diferent te of thei. an
ea nature as with Ike and nen is
torical dirt with tonal bailing. à
Buropean tle comercia see rus an
skondoned for or school Generally. à
group is composed of eas thee pesos,
Inching str adressen ora suppor staf

and photographer The grp conte sable
rsimplyenledonthe internet or even meet
in any even simply on the tue. Noma
ter thrcugh which wa. unify group is
sot always problem, The wage ie or
One hosting I à hours including desing
nd makeup.

Limited ty the school time, the activites
frequently happen in the weekend and
schol holidays. Before the shooting, the
cer normal investigate the ste re
week before although most ofthe spaces
they have lady be ute fair with in
their every Me. In tht invention
‘hey tying to find ira angles and eses
elements which match the charter and
an connect the two words They als ped
to Bind a pace fo dressing and makeup, a
they teat the proces state is unsuitable o
te shown to the audiences. Dislike those
pls who take weeding des photos the
cosets ae very welcome people total pho-
tox However, take the pots of thei make
ingupisterbidden ven youat their ends
or pra members. Their makeup and cos
tomes ley draw 3 ne between priate
and publi, and transform a man whe lst
‘heirs to play rest nit Got
semen 197)

‘With their performance, with thet simple
uncover some absndoned schoal or ae
ai sete, the forgot space have been
Shown in font ofthe public with tally
diferen appearance and feelings. sharing
len meanings with dife group of
people. By corupying the decorated high
‘ha and dancing in font ofthe initie
Cthedaltelongs to amalh even simply use
the KFC space fr makeup and doing.
‘hey blur the prepretorhi ofthe space
and showing the corey of apa
retonlytothemseverbut tlle audiene.
SS When they ae dressing the kimono and
Standing ahead ofa Chinese tower the time
and history became ews as hey ae ing
their way te Show the conection between
the fret symbol, The mos important
things happened daring the whale ate
thes ls they pic up their bility 10 express
‘hemlet and with the help ofthat they
‘ee diferent people and form acceso.
unity which can shape and dife a any
time, And from which they can continually
chew the feedback and fil temen
Snordertoacheve happiness

‘he vide tempor pie spe we cated

Life dys and,
han e famous fer night market, in
fenced by is typical climate conditions
nd the night market rations. One ofthe
ros noted ove talks bout the if in Wi
han which considere asthe best reference
ofthe quesos ifn the iy ale Sn
no talking about he try happened
inthe night make. canbe en ll around
ly! and gives people special the gus
ras aplatfrm to perform and show them
sedes pa Hike the name of the novel Lf
Su Yo can And varies kindof comodo
ties selling the market without ee prc.
Normally nice bargain can ep you sve
Tet 0% and make finds with the sell
Archos who ute tee dy ithe
night markets traditionally provide refuge
for them seeking to make ends mest in the
ig is (Ya 2004), and give hem away o
express themselves.

Neal ll nigh markets ae original bot
temp ones Bsc onthe different slo
‘hip withthe government management it
espeieneedthte diferent peda The ist
‘he before 203 ithe spontaneous forme
tion pere. The people who have low in
the rudes who mantto camions
money to support themselves cupid the
Sidewalk, sometimes eve the whale set,
to sll good. General, their sect
‘sted around 0 when there was hot o
char others andende
Various materials have ben und in their
excuptin. Goods an be pat inside a small
pedis or ist psked ina package made by
sde orcuains Mont of ibe hey Js
thelr gods inthe package onthe ground
Hf the site have some leveled up panes
those pice wil become avery good exi
tion places. Commonly, Lamp ae wed for
Tigh, And for thor old ones, they some
time tle the chet rm the publi eles

eut le ste gts Thoughhis
Kind of night market proided 3 ivid space
and a convenient life fr people who lived
round the mat station alo caused sr
‘us scary problems which reg made
the goverment desidedocntrlit Dating
the peric fom 2009 10 201, the govern
rent lated some ofthe markets and con
tralled the ste by set Inpectos, punted
‘he ells and era theta ofthe
reads However the night markets sumived
during the contol period. they switched o
ome the pl

denies ought against administer br
several ess wth diferent ways, the vend
ess ab nd that the abl sling environ
ment and proper management can benef
theirbusnes and gh aint orne
‘They began to note with the gover:
rent and invited commun section to
Jen the management y peng tent which
Tewardwith sible and sae lc. el
tively space ande protection The ight
maketa toiethid prod.

No mater in what period the ght mar
et isa temporary commensal and public
ce. By sccupy sidewalls, ret, and
quae with diferent material especially
Aly necesi, peopl expand their every
‘iy ie spice. And with the night they blir
the Bounday ofthe private and publi and
welcome even more people tojoin Without
fae price, rain welcome so the comm
nition The set occupied by thet
Bean easily be wansformed ito vivid ie
Show plat bythe night market Some
times this uansformution alo happened by
soup cf white cellar workers who sponta
ely frm night running group. They
running and talk to eachother sometimes
Stat people who walking dogs meaty o
ibn their conversion and cree à tempor
ce publ spe

re net and became much

AN these actes perform segui in
‘vera lif, wich thei spatial and tat
hate asa weapon to aver the mba
anddegeeezeroword system Wie adap
tion of poe e const à world with ba

which not so complicate with multiple
meanings to make people confuse or only
ave exclusive way of understanding ruled
bythe authors

Learning from everyday lite
These everday life expressions deter
y finda way to walk xt ofthe era,
shih sao the wap Chinese people lapa
for centres. The way remedy those weak
net ofelary and direc ation. a mare
humble and ambiguous way of expression,
Through this wap people rom all ge lv
ele y uncover occupy and appropri the
tational publ spats ike sets, parks
ndsome leftover spaces in ordeno express
themselves. Tee persmances att dt
ferent Kinds of audiences and cese yes
cf communication, which fom the whole
stable em of expresion and feedback,
“nd ad the way to pines al tran
forms the ban pce bckintothiorigina
form a place of tanges, el Tamm
Mu tn awl fll of src who de.
pre the designing and building work rom
tery human being. gives bak the mean.
Ang ofurban space as asefeonsieus process
nd waste real of og eis of gone
ing decison’ Peoples use theirway to build
‘heir we space (ty) which pls with
the worléwe commonly koownandellah
rate their community to make a ma public
What ele we an recognize from all these
spontaneous expressions? Dile what we
‘omy think the expresion and publ be
vir they are frequently and tempora
Ex the are untere ndelforanized,

in al thote expression the boundary
e used to ick to between priate and
publi elm have been comuped. The cor
rupticnofthe boundary beste dilemma
sustion and stimulates the expression and
happiness. What tempo break or Blur
‘he Bounday? is ten Like he muse
fer he dances the makeup fr the cose,
‘he night forthe seller snd night ner

Anexperinent er apace
Basi on this inspiration an experiment ha
en cared y my rudo loin Won in
‘he historical ares, We sie some colori
ropes ballons and stools which hd private
mreaings o define some pacs inthe ide
walk Simply by bound the ropes between
‘he ees tee level with some blown and
filon ana pr cos atcundthe set
tees randomly. During ur Instala. the
hued passages slowed their pce andthe
local residence came out oftheir private
use to se and sk what ws happenings
‘We explained the ina ie on the tree
aná comer laf publ space to hem.
Although they were sot fly undentond
and ou practice had been party disated
oy some ty inspector There ae quite oe
o people especay cil came ot oftheir
home and begun o play in and around our
spe, usb chale we fret ding
on the stes The space used tobe cupid
ly cars became avid publi space with
happy talks and laughesFeople expressed
‘themselves inthe space and feel the tem
peral hapines, and we ae quit sur f
happened frequent. the expresion and
feedback cl on be keep cn andthe sure
happiness willbe achieved

Acta, what ve need for uan publ
cel sal a ige, which can blur
‘he boundary of private and pubic apd stim
le people toexpesthemelves This tg
ges something an happen fequey eit
Should inthe vesyy Ne Andthe every
pue space ere vi arges estee
ny kan suce people nee tous every
a should hove amigos characteristic
“nd which can e ele nd simula people
te expres Only euh this way people's
seltexpremion can be improved the com:
munition can happened. the sendy fed
ck and sable ing of aiment can
bleed the happiness cane and

1 hs Cot sienna
nr commer ees
CET pda en
Sone terre

à me vip hei
Dandy inside

> Tomi nord anda
Anden bal ecc nd
oa bam oies
Lee e ep Co
cincel mee
Face) Sy e e a

4 Fee Ubon treet
sistem ind
a men
oso Rem meet
menta Sr ponme pl
se ennemie
Egin cin ey seta Ms
Frans ar
y dor teacher

+ opi pame tencdo
rine. span mt
pp loser
Dino reprise
Fa Prairie
enla ho
made nun

6 Armen Cane Gane any

7 QUES ness
Sama one

& condimento er ess
‘san me ache aes
Se hy dtd
br era

pe te:
ee
Re
secrete
=e
ESE one tc
Sem:
ernennen
Sn
ne Eee
en
Fou foal pane enden es
+ [anton Bo Pete er, Cata
ios
ee
Benn eet hs
o
ENT me mn q 9e
EE

re Kp Cl ene eng hss
bn

Nac cp myst md ae
Bane a

ET ty, Me Fal te Non Bb
angie Ac Dee sel med
{hn sn as ey rae
eb nose Be Ray ra
Ma care in don Bc Mem AD,
‘Bi Meca ML) Te Mr Am
ae

Public spaces design for
urban regeneration

Giulia Chiummiento, Federico Orsini

an an urbn o londscope projet ora,
public space influence the perception of
happiness or these are nf influenced
y other fotos or conditions (climate,
mood, ete)?

‘Beyond the Modern
New Urban Quality
‘The stan growth, that has characterized
the sta centres has compromise the
habitat in which the human being develope
sown essential activities indovina 2005)
The emergence of sc sues, e segrega:
ion and Inresse of social inguliy xo
nomial sues, acominueusincres inthe
cosampton of resources, environmental
isc. a ar pito lo of bode,
than het land hype! isk te
Sseclyome the contguencesfhivun
control expansion

Fart thete uc are sey related the
Modernism uan win. Is tent,
thatthe Modernist approach te 1 solve
pr of the sus related othe nineteenth
century industrial development (as utban
thin ving quay, et es lo ru
hat the proposed schien as urban zo
ing the des of the ue, the buildings
rations, he exigencies andariesion,
ce) ledrotbeemenence ope sndeqully
sesos problems.

‘The genera deteriortioncfthe urbane
rents qualy evident pad he sto
urban publ spaces intended a the con
cie system of open spaces between the
aiding Sagas (Gel 297 that fom che
“eos tan lve the necessary quality the
ce human aves (os faces.
safe. comfortably. lesb. et)

Approach for

In the same yeas, interatiora sine
research tanto analyz he reason ofthis
qual los These importan studies give
Fo tothe human being. and hi dynamic
sod multiple eigenes, the sole of being
centre ofthe design invetigaton, Ecos
ing in para on the comple interaction
times ham bong tod coro

In particule these sube, analysing se
ea components ofthe urban environment.
for example the selten withthe cara
cos, 196 Venturi et Brown. 185 Inge
Sell, 2006) the dimension and the shape of
poli paces (Ge. 3973 Alexander. 1977
White 1980, the elton Between the i
faste and the publ space functions
(ham. 2971) the sty win perception
(lynch 1969) theconsequenes theta
pollton (Nice 2978), et ty to define
(iferen approches o overcome the ints
ofthe Modernist del. fn the ight ofthese
onsderations we san deduce the complex
ln atthe base urban environment and ts
control and why the Modem, charter.
and by atedetonal approach Gage
2018) dido understand the environmental
complesity AS a result of the general ine
pc to undestand this complex, the
Baden movement dda deine spropi
te tcl o contol, frouing the ees
fence of new eses (moreover caused by
the concept separation between human
hein ad environment hein).
More cent researches (Sahm, cos rel
1, poop Zarái, 105: Zumthor 2007 ee)
Investigate the concep ofenviconment an.
Wing the concept of perception to under
Stand the reltonship between the human
‘eng a open tem of mip senor
connections and ch environment a ar
ence Thee studies consider the ambience
a à complex sytem defined by physic:
componeatlight temperature sound to,
piece components (hormonal ner
sin. sensorial apparanı, metabolism,
ce) and cultural components (experience,
memory culture. ete), and bythe complet
Interaction father component. Thi ap
pros, that find fi efeences sith the
Previous studies of Mee font, Seren,
«se. considers the human being ae an open.
system, interacting withthe dynamic, non
near comple sytemofthe environmental
components. The publi space qua à
produit alle iterations that bllsthe
Sblence, between ts components ad the
huma perception Remtheseesearchesi’s
extremely lear how the "perceived quality
strong inisenend by the ambience and
in particu, by its genera tmosphem. Un
dentendingtheenirenmental components
that afec the space atmosphere, means 10
conte the quay o ubli paces,

In addition to thee ties, anhing the
stan environment fem à perception point
‘of view to define new methodologies fin
tewentions recent international researches
focus en the concept of urban envionment
through the lens ofthe landscape elegy,
forundestanding the way ofcontoling the
kan landscape relent cuco ope
sth the eet fa song urbano, e
Sppess neesay the struct inode
ion landscape (eg enatrlation sat
fs) within te urban environment and
the application of new methodologies and
Grterention approaches coming fom the
(log conscience (Morin 2007) These ap
roches come fromthe unta cclogy ud.
Fes (Oum 1963: Commoner. 197 Mice
978 Gist, 107 ee), that consider the
ban environment a an ecosystem com.
posed by bitcal communities energy Now
(Coming fom sun) and materiale cles
Interventions to transform the «cose
Should echehe qui between these
componens.

Im partit fom these audi is posible
to Sate that the landiape, intended both
san intervention methodology (temporal
dimension ca siem in ele) and an
operative strategy (natural surfaces, water
system, ete) could be à useful mitigation
instrument (ating to wach the ela
among the terme ofthe energy balance, the
seater el the material eel, to) impros
lng the general tan quality

2. The Public Spaces as à Tool for
Urban Regeneration

The show lasted scene makes ev:
dence ofthe emerger importance of public
paces to each urban qual Mang ofthe
environmental social and economic! e
Sus afecting our lie. could be arribued
tothe log and uncontrolled urbanization
ces fie st century.

From the Jos several tsetches ty to de
fine new mehodelgies to conte the ur
an complexity, proposing intentions on
the open paces and demonstrating at these
spaces could beessentaltemhance hero
‘etofurban genention.

Sting rom these considerations, fom
he os, several public administrations a
Barcelona, yon, Copenhagen Zurich, et),
implementedstaegiestoguide publi and
prateinteentions on than open space,

TE)

with the sim of increasing urban quality
ndsolving social economieslandenvron
renal es, fllowing the international
community directives fr sustainable de
selpment

naine several intereing cae sae,
toying to define best practices searching
fromthe whale iternational panama 15
pile t obere as these intervention
‘hve ray increased the urban qua. i
less yon, Copenhagen, Zach tht have
rade ct the public space quality a general
he fo the whole ban tante
ion present nowadays high quai fl,
‘The next pages wll describe the bes pre
ies examples, undeining the environ
rental quality ofthese projects and thea
pted took bythe public administrations. o
sieve this qual, The thee projects wil
a desert by tte diferent dimensions
ston policy and envionment charter
tis, spl design seis and schions.
and Ls adoptedtechnolgiea devices o
id anew aban amespher.

3. Comparison between Several
European Experiences

13. Bore, The S Jun Band a Be
pie Fin dpi Aro

Barcelona one ofthe fist European cies
‘that started during the os, an ban eno
‘ation proces, based on the publ space
(quilt, This renovation process started
her the Franco death in reponse to the
degradation and general poverty sue that.
characterized the ey ving that period.
To ind solano he urban degrade the
cy administration defined à transforms
tion process that inscved public and pr
vote Financial sauces, Tis model could be
defined nowadays as the Barcelona model
Deben, 2007,

‘The city trnsormation could be sache
sine imo four phases. characterized by a
Aierent se ofthe public and private finan
ciales.

‘The fist phase (19291980 stats with the
adoption ofthe Plan General Metropolitano
(4976 that deines an urban tentation of
the itv iy and fis publ paces to
Improve the any level and deine new
relation opportunities. This phase ls de
Sed by the wrk ofthe Oficina de Foye.
tos Urban and several achtet s Sos
Morales Acebo Bis.

The second pase (1963990 ty inked
tothe Olympics Games involves aer put
cofthectyand provides an triad sub.
‘aban renovation, an infrtnune upg
Ing asequlifcation of abandoned india
es (5 the dodo sts) et To hiere this
target and contol the taneformation, the
sdminitatondenes publi emprss OL
SA VOSA AOMSA)and mixed publ piste
empres (UIA. PORASA}

‘The hed phase (29930) characterised
by an intemenion, amor completely pri
vete that ims to nce the indi de
element ofthe card involves whole
retropelan ae the DB.

‘The las phase (Rom 2004) characterized
byatersitrial program and macro projets
hat inst define ane ciy model thtcon-
Sidr the whole metopaitan region and he
and ape tha eines tis ge etsy
All thee urban transformations are cha
tesizedy are tenir to the pale pce
‘qi, From the eration ofserer pub
spe pro wecansbieneaneergent
trend ha undies an innovation ino
the den preces Ifthe in proc were
Strong defined ty impevins sure (as
stone brick or cont) responding to dur
bility crite, nthe at years wecan bee
Iowthelas projects trytowse more and mane
peras sus responding tothe rena
Platon process exigencies,

‘he Boulevard Pasing eS fam designed
by Lola Deménch ia good example ofthis
meen tend The pret thinks ap of
ne other Beulen defined bythe
Gerda ln. Al f the project improve
the sure for publ ses changing te e
Ton between car and pedsria. Fr his
esate tee ton reed suring
the sustainable mobility and increasing the
spe fr public fami. AÑ the imenven.
on futon rgenetion’t developed sing
Tandsape materials as tes and shrub mas.
eso inegred technologies aed stone
vegetaon sue. All hese interventions
Increasing the environmental andsecial qua
iy improving thermalcomfo ar plltion,
swe plete) deste anew ntc
Smcsphere that makes more spd morecom-
fone tho spaces,

Brom thi example emerges how. nowadays
the attention forthe envionment qual
andthe importance ofthe rl ofthe pede
‘ran ste atthe of quality interventions

33 Lon The Corfo Raten and te
Toner Dino Frot
*Thelyonwbanaxesoeches s municipality
and 1.200000 inhabitants. rom the fo the
municipal of Grand Lon stated alge
arsermaton pres ire the qual.
Sy ofthe whole iy. The main tet of the
transomston process st define anew o.
cial and environmental equilibrar nov.
ing lle an ares asthe historia eas
ofthe cent, the semi pesiphery of modern
expansion the abandoned nds are,
public and stuinfestructus. The mod
em ban planing approach. characterized
Voy he functional paria 5 replace by
à more contemporary approach that focus
on environmental quality. aces and
poble.

To achieve thes targets the Grand yon Ad
amination constuts new fics (5 the
AR Unité des Abre spa) ha. col
aborting with several Univer Depart
ment and her specific pressions (ss
Landscape designen, mi e) apply an
medias approach to cotrel the
stan complesty his coltcraion ring
tothe definition of sve planning ins
ment (Schema aménagement des espace
publique, Fla Blea Plan Ven Plan mr,
Plan Pesq, Fan de Vgéniaion, et)
that devignthe new cy fon.

[the Boe of these transformations, the
publi space plays à fundamental ol,
35 connective tisue, playground, nat
aan space, becoming à suppor for
the urban regeneration 8 showed by the
CConflence Renovation, an abandoned in
url ates of 250 ha leete atthe con
Muence of the two rivers The regeneration
process sts in 1998 when Michel Des
ne propos new intervention meth
dela, overcoming the rigid paradigms
of the moder planning and defining a
strategy of inition” and “a process of
volt onary oscupatin, that ting ad
‘vantage ofthe urban fragmentation, nro.
use "new gardens and temporary pack
that allow the urban regeneration without
wating the “big projet, According with
this approach, the wan transformation
is defined through the lndicae and the
open space projet. This system becomes
the support for the future interventions,
introducing the temporal dimension into
the project process (Desvign, 2009

Sr

Ze, ve Boks ns, Saeed Pas e toy, Pan ra, qt

{evs yon Conte mico tages arth te MO a te sre fae ate

to e Dr ah In

The aim of his sstegy ito ntoduce the
way fr a environmental eli that
<micipaes he slow big teneformaton, o
fering his vea. new publ paces ding
the while requalifcaon pres. pai
vias the maserlon designed by Design
ver banks requalfeacn e followed by
the contrution o temporary natural pla
forme that define a new natura nds,
er this fit interventions the masterplan
‘hows a tural pat, by green and water
pall sus that willbetheinfasuctre
forthewhole ars interventions

This transforman. process shows as
rough à design approach that comes
‘hetempoal dimension ofthe environment
< 3 pnciple ofthe projet, is poste to
encourage the ub generation proce,

33 Zieh MFO Park and Cher Fas ox
pl Program
‘The administrative surface of Zurich I 92

Jana with 370000 inhabitants tha, consi
ing the whole metropolitan ate, rach
the number f 1.100000 people. During the
Lat twenty year Zurich has ben bjt

several urban transformations, that have

cxpanded the urban Esprit. Rn of

requillfcatin of abandoned Indus a
e renovationofurtoninfasrctures ur
Ban densfeaton process ete, have modi
fed the image ofthe ey. that nowadays
appears not only as financial dit, bat
bo anew contemporary setlement
sei a high publie space quality,
Al these an te

developed through the cooperation between
be sujets that inter the bling pro
‘estadminittion cies cual ci
tion rome le became put ofa empl
process of pación and informaron of
het plies The publ mintton
Playsanimponant oe earth process
of tetera, oranalog Iterations

mations hve ben

comes. equi fsb plans infor:
ing the sakebolders saning process of
pain, ec In paul, the Park and
ble Spe Of toe ofthe pli ator
tre involved nt the design proses ap
Ping à continuous experimenta
technological update,

Int telat years the New Cee sone
ofthe as that hasbeen draskaly tan
formed, achieving interesting rents of ex
piment Int the pen pace desig In
arte MO ne Oct Prk
term amples fthoetrns

Winner of an international competition
won by BurckhadtsPanener and Ruder
hal Landschafsarchtekten AG in 2003,
‘he MEO Park appears as new ban and
scope and define a new atmosphere. The
projec s defined by a ste sucre that
‘multe the volume ofthe pe exiting
sal building. This structure negras
the pub fuir (as nine trace ot
public pasoo) the publi lamina
pm. the natural elements, defning a
mes open public hall. The nature is the
main character the climbing plate, a &
apporte industria abandoned buildings
grow onthe new teal rucar, The green
density transform this Suar in an ban
teal oes, tong inteasing the bio
divert eel ofthe ist.

‘The Cele Parks a neighbourhood pak
made in 2005 by the Ole of Paks and
Open Spaces, following the projet ofthe
achete Zulu, Seippel Schweingnube
and Hal Rabah Landscape Architets.
The pak tha has an are of about 17500
quae meters I thought sa large mult
ation are with space for public events
(esconcest) neighbourhood untionsand
several playgrounds, A very dense grid of
new tees (4m) characters the ner
Serien. The plantings rhythm central
Print of the projet, The choice of such
morphology space (Xm) ares fom the
need to make the park unable already at
the time of realizan. fat, these tees
describe a continuous geen canopy
he fit yes of realization, When the
{tees will grow and tance between them
won be sufficient to make them comfort

[hy sure, sme of them will be moved
ints other ar ofthe le to green the
ble spaces,

4. Conclusion
‘The hon erature review andthe described
te studies showed atthe regeneration of
the public space could be interesting way
promote the difusion ofa new uban uy,
From these anaes we can make ome cm
hive considerations.

Fs ofall the desced examples confie
‘what we can din erature when we read
‘hat publ pue intended she banco
rection system ofopen space, ol e the
Suppen of thom inervetions aiming 10
Improve the environmental soll and eco
omic urban quali thi sense indeed,
the ope spaces ster sed within the
whole sig seem tote the perfect means o
fie ura qua duet ts pest im-
pct urban scsi uban eii,
‘ub heat island, apelin, water el.
energy aloe

he example show ao ssthe kan quality
could be achieved only during the projet
process the designer consider the complee
fy ofthe unten environment In this ene,
seers 1 be nece to apply alte ap
proach tosnalyealltheenszonmentaleom
ponents and contol the eelatons between
them. Toscheve the el ec
to adopt an intedisipinary approach. con
sidering the diferent sil and dining in
terdisipliry working groups a has been
Showed into the descbed caco ses. This
rthodolgy allows to overcome the linear
approach ease eff) chartes ofthe
Moderis Movement

Te se ie show Sly ome good pra
esa could be split impr the fee
er han gusty and t contro the desig
proces: For example he projets are chat
“Stelaedbyasrsgatentiontotbelandespe
mens a esse green surface tha are
{edo define new nar amosperesinide
‘he ban os improving the me time
‘heenvrnmental quay and fr this
favouring the we ofthese paces Puthemmore
‘he pics ofthe Cee Pak (Zur and
ofthe Confluence yon show asthe temporal
mens sprach intros hy nde
subes allows 1 ink he intervention in à
erent wog is sens, the poet of the
pen publ paces could be the supp or
the tue transmis ae become
lingua others
tion steps (as happen note Confence x
paren) could e thought omideringthe

eli withthe whole happens into
‘he rch experince, whee the publ pase
came anim forthe ae ane
formaron without eng ary pol qua

‘Those examples show only some of the por
sible sage applied tothe urban taster
nations and ages same possible at 1
ie pus pce, improving the ein
mental ban ql, and fi the ap.
option process hr ae he Ai tp

enter open pe ito human halt,

ecssrycendiienincrderto ma some.
‘hing happens, beat something happens
use something happens[- (Gehl 196

References

rece
ma
Sees
SRE es
=
BE np meter
u
= RR
Sem
A m nam
un
een
eg
ee
PRE ro
SE D ee
ee
en
mn
BEN
ame
ponte creais
een
en
u
De figure
y smnmsene
En
EE 9, mamma sun
See een
"Venezia Bd Chuva a
iar era A eq
E
rile Sher en
ee a tas
aaa

A place that makes you
happy: challenging models
in public space

Fabio Ciaravela

overview
Brom 20 alan and international ns
pen andes lover he world ve been
talking shor FARM CULTURAL PARK 36 à
‘ew way o ake cul, toi and bs
es wile met quality of life in publ
Space FARMis placed inthe 35000 habitan
nara inthe Agrigento province which has
been oa engtime(andtodyetilinmany
cits pr a pclemat: place The pce is
‘hanging radially Parra Imagine and per
ceptenbeth erm inside ande.
Inspired by Parisian ai de Tokyo as well
25 Marrakesh Jemas elfnas market the
Dect i working in the histoial center
into a cher of semiclesed spaces which
ave a spontanecus urban autonom Nev
that the spit of the prof speed in
ther part of the city encouraging to ide
‘sur andeconemieal wave, Tat implied
3 natural realisation of polis spaces
ik the main hy square,

‘Using the idea happiness in that environ
mera FARM and happy activities crested
3 facinating contrat balanced between
decadent south and shining international
rbananteenten.

What Los interesting in FARM ie the
esp in which Andes Brei and his wile
hinds Salva ae lightly touching and
deep gastioning fundamental themes
felted t contemporary puc spe ik:
management (Carmona 201) les of ar
caultanianhetectpia 3 way to sche di
«hotomies between paie and private pace
(Dehaene, De Castes, 2008), he vision of
Muse delipeconsumo” (De Carla 2002,
relie between economy, art and culture
(Caneey. 200: Florida, 20005 ar asa vi
tea ee 207

The strong Sal commitment of FARM
CCULTURALFARKinimprovingadepressed
town is acid witha business activi,
mainly elated to sal estat, Nevertheless
sachet, designers young cien ac
thee participation is demonirting à es
practice that filling à eat void let by
poble administran

Think today cara experien rely
articulate People wish o met authors. es
dance, ive aanuna cut atte branch
(Claus enc that in acho these def
nikon her ia negative meaning especial
Iy forthe research approach bat think we
allbeongtocurtime
InDeCariosdefiniontheneisanegatveae
opel. bu think Wb et,

“Thinks can change but sight now atreve
cour places ae charscternedy these sp.
proaches

‘king about FARM in slo with ther
models think the question i abou ie
produce Maybe would! make sense,
maybe nt,

Participation and civi values
FE Urban oil of hetces people
that have been changing ene nis fom
‘he planer paint af iw ot the power oe.
In any ease fom anche, fs fom eme.
perspective, On the contrary yous tht ao
common people a abet the same and
‘hat happiness and emis ae inte.
Wiydoyastinkie?

AB: Were so ed tothe wid 10 fd
rome fromeone comes ing hewhish
‘otansform Favara nto the second tour
path in Agente diri, everyone lso
that.

Blok. when we did to ain 010
fling old tiling smashed down Kling
wo young children ope and pls were
‘Saline and moved tha they would ble
to destroy sage par ofthe hive enter
Wessid we have goed projet And ding
we cd sur presence ct of what we ely
sréiketoda,

hat hou be relly normal a achi-
en should act something fr himself bat
ls looking atthe eters Instead that los.
casta

“Thishouldbe currar

AG Nov ding à pjs need to an and
uns in Sey where. fr instance, he
fen process of elias ben developed
Send Whit kind cf difeene do you find
been’ and FARM?

‘AB There e wide difernces been hem.
InGibellinaheyhadagrest mount of money
and a complete may to work on the
terior But lo they dist crate any rl
ration with and been peopl. The sme
problemi related ther poet in Sel,

Ce
erwih many people Withthemwectee ak
Undexchangees had pee.

Happiness and transformative
potentiality

HE Yu are sed to goto other pesto al
‘shout your pret and your experience.
What & you think peopl would ike to
nom fom you?

AB: fel im an ents cain mayte
tring hope Thinkabun when mused sy
sha Fovrshad chang posi mean
why anche pce shout ke the se?
Wearetiyingtocommunizatethatachange
is possible, while fom ancther side we
wo ike to explain that int soso. You
veto join digence now how about hat
‘opi. together with economic investment
When gy come o me and sk if all that
we ave done posible to make without
money Tsay" You need money, maybe à
Al amount t at And you need mary
ther conditions well see many people
los king whee to stat bt I ean help
‘hem relative There nt unique recipe,
‘no manu Every ime the project ast be
Aileen there mano im,

Fe: Dons tis ltd with happiness?

AB: OF couse My happiness for instance is
telted to familiar stmcaphere, healthy
ais But what fa te sme to you?
Whats fer you hppines?

AR: 1 dont know era. Im sue its
something sly mise That why Ido
‘understand how its ling should
tea good resto to change à publ space
AB: There close lation between them.
For instance yesterday Tue been fr een
ate in a work place with no sees to
rc sand igh. wa geting ny Spe,
and publi space have a ret infuence on
eal and gay of lie, and in away ae
related to happiness, As you know ve
Between Fav Gel and Rist which is
Kind of Bermudas triangle of ugliness! 1
now exactly that to spent your time in à
Pesan pce good or everyone ile

FC: Do you think happiness is related to
"hope when youtalkto peopl?

AB: Acto 1 think the mest important
ect you at FARM is not the happiness
rues And when youcame into eur pce.
‘Theres nos dct relation between staying
in cr pices and be suddenly happy Better

1 hin that everyone whe come st FARM,
once locks around thinks so ie possible,
then wealfhaveachance!

_Arivigin Fava fom elsewhere. and aer
‘wad loking t FARM you think habe
things ar poil onto places where
seunimaginible,

Then youthink tht you ae able odo tha,
and vert

References

Sieh animate
HSE
on come
saab ee
‘ena Sime) 2. ma Lern
ei
E mare
BE ue am
et ee
rca RAC Valen pps

The Happy City as
Multifactorial Synergy
Mara LodovicaDelendi

A happy ey isa geen cyt
‘stainable and let, with pats

pénal beauty in which to elt oneal
Is asocilcy ond uedene
The study published in the ntti eur
vet cross checked aa
Symptoms o depression ani rs, and
tite dat revealing the quantity o eg
cion in ented se
Ton between the greenness and wellbeing.
scion yeseatch on sca sata
cated out on more than 500 residente in
229 cis eval that people ling in asu
Cab with les than 10% of green aes (ee
snopy) are more incline 10 show symp
ample poor person ving ina poor
tat ina ste tat uns through the Chun
reg Nicolet National Forest more Be
to e happy comparé o à westhy person
Tring in a sub which e mea ut at

mental esk

n with the natural element
herpes potently of the aura le
rent hae aleady been widely highlighted in
hessteofplicesofhoepalistion/ecveny
ofall types. in tying to understand and pro

1 ave lend analysed ow the ies
inthe natural element as pat fa wide
sytem, but alto the enjoy
tl presence of aime line ido even
Shon tel tenia both on a phys
and peyehlegical evel. have al

o ome dvi

the ene

sch a the presence of
‘hey element reference and esting point
Provided with sess and meting sess. Run
Bing wate, special ha the pr

inducing onen in the envi
eher wi senso of wellbeing
espe who cams

Ba happiness dos our attention from

an are where, in paula

nes on à physiological and envio

field tof dally

rmalty of effective improvement and

he continuous “harmonising” action of
rie,

ial living in the

certainly become place ofhamanl-
‘thanks tothe presence of plants sen

Soil activations the bey of design
lso and above all an cation or

design places that crete happiness? Happ
require emotional ae

a praióig rely toone's own expectations
inthe worl i fundamental requires the
individual and thi an be
chained on diferent levels om play ı

pare create
expresion ofones own being

nies forallthis ames Millman
Bas aught us that here no oul app
nes in man ifthe sou of the werd with

ate ae

cores of fundament

impor be balance of
and therefore fr his hapine

À hop
cy e sustainable city that elves with
ur and not gan
A sosinableciyissuaiablene
relent to climat changes thas

rom tt cae: tages us rain, Sn ta Boca, Bos Ars at, arb ight Abu Sn anche Cane: Gans,

ration system of the urban heat sland,
swith widespread and pervading presence
cf the vegetation apparatus, such as green
roof een wall, permesble systems for
the bsorprion af uric run, snd ml
ue areas. It is a city which fours pede
fran paths and avs, slow maby and
gh tansprttion, and makes i possible
to mech work and study paces with isle
aná pedestrian greeny.

Aappy cy can aloe sole ig. Rit
recon fc tha sound and gh ele
tromagnetic waves (music and colo) are
capable penetating int the og as
‘es andinterctng withthe ell eating
‘leetrochemisal balance on à plyslolgial
level and improving the Hola Fone
tions. The use of cour in cour therapy
and rusia mse heapy has very ancient
ii andthe therapies were ted up
tothe mos recent cen cache that
‘ested thera Albert Sent. Oy yi,
‘he biochemist who won the Nobel Pie in
197, covered tha cous stmt the
production of diferent hormones and en
pe, Dennis Gabor, winner ofthe Nobel
Frias in Physics in 1971 confined there
searsesoftheRusan biologist and medial
oi Alexander Gurwitsth who originar
das ofphotonc communion: inthis
‘ay its ascnainedtha vin ells ne able
15 ran bolgial information through
photons Light and colours an th

ent ment forthe ananan
em and are abaibed not only by thew
‘al sem The logit Rupert Sheldeske
ces ing mater need hire
vibracional frequenciesintesonarcewid
(sch other and in harmony withthe matt

refoebe

sn a

infernal input ofthe moment
with which comes contact, sen
Toh caracte may and ary
vc ring ng mater to sd arg o
Use harris and wll dene ap
tie ney fe onthe celta wl fet
eng and sans and eue te
‘idl a lo Ins way, ls yt
‘understand how nae plain” can be à
elie for.

‘The happy iy is therefore a chy made of
scully harmon sea (pedestrians.
ops but ale of chroma health
seis that not only take cate ofthe introns
at lo ofthe public ae such a res,
parks, gues, et stop pints such sein
tons shopping centres andhousing units
while paying artenion tthe pychalgial
Sect ofelours

‘The Cromoambiente project has alady
reed diferent projects that include ches
atl Interventions for the environmental
armonitton of nero and een by
implementing the ey physical efits of
the diferent olor ware eng Therefore
interventions ofthis type could be included
inthe design of publi areas both in the
cfredevelopment of deteriztted aes. nd
in new designs. Even the new tee planing
Interventions have a colour effect which
fills underthe atu sen withintheen
vironmental colour therapies.

‘The examples ae many fom the coeurs of
the advetising spaces of Bargas, tothe ey
four fr Proline and frm the ab
“ab of Bala in tan Cartagena in Color
‘ato La Boc in Buenos Ares Copenhagen
Curacao: Guano Baran: Manara et
(picture even inet yet refined tete in

tewentions of Cromeambiente ised on an
te study an the py ho energy efec

A the study on tos which may make
cy happy ss card cut in Sete and
us bated on the rain between design of
des terre percale 10 the pede
tans an social behaviour To extreme
ae rechten fom the etal ued Ego
the mast “sive ide witha high concen

ran of small ned esters oppor

iso eden and igh lee fiat
‘emulation andthe most native” pad
Tike log rey monotonaus wall with fw
openings

Studies confirm the eff of design on pede
sine’ behaviour When facing an ative
fade people tend to walk sewer and stop
for longer ime enhancing in this way so.

lation, trust toward stranger and aa
Tab to pay mere attention and give Info

ation Inthisasea pars laberstry
shonen how the improvements sugested
forthe instead and paces flowed
the puter prviusy encumered in ative
gan eth presence ren scheu
reand sevice conceived for pedesrins im
proved with envies patent ad those
Stoppngtotalk ch.sbenches te inedro-
‘delighting tcyle sands ad beer hop
windows and psy of shopping simple
‘Catering seies rubbish binsandtemperu
stall Intermon the happiness apace!
ls improved by Insering the pateras se
din the ste jade: Sols els
totes ley diver heal hopines and
conan growth of mal entries given.
by arog presence or “ative roda and
“he rire bit environment ha al
Bee tes.

‘The ros design eesti to build ine
sind environments both in high and on
option denshy anes toctee mins
Ail ode and deis with a der of
tense and dynamic uses an these principle
canbeinerportedinthezsning elton
Sointhis view the aspects ofoca stain:
y becom priori forthe happy
À dc sled withthe ides of "heathy
aha ihr, inthe sense of ycho-
pial and perceptive welling that cor.
les the iy with the possiblity t ely
‘Se pes erwidesred cal a el as
sport tives andl gated games

‘hod Md snd eh
vel Wisin Mon
asco rene pa
encina Moe nope
danna
eee
Md ano sre
eco Mes Mor
es
MeLokavesbeend pg dps
Snap anse Lande
pa een PD hes
Bogado rum ln done
delo mes nm potas
‘eee solo lorena
pelscuselspevensen dem
Ende cando
nel me atermin
enc maso der these nd
perecido) Rte
Pc Lamon
Een many do
Inch) Dire Mose
e]
A

Happitecture: Zen,
Otherwhere and Space
Design in eThekwini, South
Africa

Jonathan Eakins

Introduction

Objective

2 Research and identity the primary phys:
ica and traditional design elements
hich hae been found unenaly to
Contato charatrstion of poe,
places and buildings as "happy and ex
tendthehypothesstinhide stetion
‘the metaphysical qualities nd values
which fet uremetional responses

2 Suggest an alternative methodology
for planning and design of public and
private spaces of South Alcan ees,
‘which includes broader panlcpatery
pren, a pecplecentred approach
Showing espe for cultural and be
tage red responses to determine the
nate of shaved publi space inching
the Zl principles of Ubuntu!

3 Propose anew profesional dicipline to
‘be applied within shared space design
and place making towards “happy
environment, Toke called pbulnte:
te this can be anses “Happ
ect” (English, Fectecur” (il
ian) and enheuncture (French;

+ Draw a lnk between “Happtectre’
and "Others (the mythical space
‘wthinwhich peat acitetre andy
“design our, fedofthe constraint of
tine, place andthe ved for pies
on

5. Bringasmileothe ipsofreder Aer
cl me re tlking aba happiness er

Defiitions
(Harry force purposes ofthis esa. de
fined asthe emotion which makes one want
to dancer sing ojo whether one es
pable ce not) ts nota be confused under
Sry sieumstances, with the dy technical
term of tified op comble
“Happs” terete the result ote.
fully considered and peoplecenied dein
which makes those exposed to it want to
ance rin youth

General though i ths Ena sen
(miele eit shown (mo to
{be pi he) an ee td
wil most paty oly with ter is
poned she tht fet of hark
ee

“tee Kalin version Hopp
secan which geenly ete with oy
Fa amies sing word ening in
espana enicltin ad ue dancing
Fa rip augen nase, tata
independ

“feet” consis the reach
ecient of Happier which na
Ponte beth hppies and wet ing. The
res i pot puerto pate min
Spree tug das oe pn
‘bon home and sometines tare.
Salle i api inthe is
Za ato which by atte à
leader om red anderprate won
hihi ctor fied sty do
dinceandsing and demon.
ete apy ad any, Dion and
Abe Toi piotenre

“rer an ancient Za phish
ence, dnd forthe proses ofthis
apr othe "sac of ope express
Empasion, jie report. dni
‘sony and humanity a te ters of
Colla maining and sengbening he
Smmuniy ee eons stats
3 huma eng ened to condi!
espe digg van and ep om
the member lie comuni

Ge fay Ja Cay 9 Pam
and Pais y) Ll aos, 26, 60
Bucky).

cals
Propose amore crie pilstophisal meth:
odolgy for Urban Flaming, Urban Design
and Architecture in South Aiea which
draws roman inclusive, people certe. cul
tural emotional tue mythologies and
metphysal approach, o shape and fsk
on shared publi places which make people
happy Ths isi det contras and op
pes 1 top down planning and design.
Which eds to clasica or overly roman
theming and master planning” proces
Such pratces ate curently led by
‘Town Planes, Geographers andother built
environment profesional in most South
African cis, leading to many "unhappy

TP

drole inapproprate and rapidly degenen
ing publi spaces

Online

‘Applying à metphysal hd way star

ing point tothe design of paces, and thus

naling a new multidisciplinar and con

Suite approach which led by specie

Human mythology, begs religion mem.

y and emotion wil excluding neither

romane and subjective raies nor ls

sieobjective and functional concerns.

2 Reaching and criguing some ox:
amples of universal ult” curently
Applied in the euch for ati
‘shared places and communities.

2. Reviewing some past processes and at
tempts toengage stakeholder nelly
tion of improved publ spaces in The.
Ion South Aca, andthe cutcomes,

3 Inti an stan Ikortry proces
‘ma inner ity university campus to
explore the perception. ematlns and
‘reams acting indivi! responses
te shared spaces, and t conceptualise
“Happiectare” as à discipline which
tapeintothe mythical andsubsonsicus
resent guide design and development
of high quality spaces and buildings
whichevakehappines

Approach

In ston to primary suvey and research

work undertaken inthe chy of eThekwin

(Durban South Africa in 010, this paper

des ont pincipe sore

+ "Otherwbere” theme and legacy ofthe
sth UIA (Union of Internal Ar.
chest) Congress. which tok pise in
Durban South Aca in August 201:

2 Reben Fri seminal work Zen and
the Ar of Netoreyele Maintenance’
oca.

Orhenshere
"Architecture Othrwhere” war cine by
the organes a the word to describe the
real theme ofthe sth Congress of the
Union of International Architect, held in
Durban in Aupst 201. Not tobe confused
swith “Architecture Underwear” (whieh ia
erent exi acoger), the Wes of
Architecture hehe” i open t indi
vidualinterpettion A descrbesthe myth
tal esperes of the baten work

which we sly nether see nor consider
Iisthespuecccupedby elements we tke
for granted, bu which may be holding cur
seche together such a the informal con-
tutions ofsueettrader into à formalised
sine soceythefonstenandneglcted
pockets ofthe city which ark ear: the put
Tiespaceswhichaefullof promise ha ned
focus andatentontotiethemtocureqully
neglected heritage and culture which nl
ther undestood nor etre repented
inthe sity,

Reber Pri
Sober Pesg questions the ned for a dc
slontobe made between e demie ln
cal and romanicviews He sugges ahi
way which xcldes either but enables
rietaphysicl elements to prevail incoming
12 new understanding of eso, value
and alt.

He questions the bas of our undestand
ing of technological solo andthe un
delving clasica “selene” upon which it
‘ele, There se spy too mary phenom:
ena which cannot be explained thcugh our
Sei knowlege which bed purely
on arational rest deteminedby Ace
Tins, We hae tended o gles the power
cfindgencus mytholgies and non-western
philosophy A change of thinking is needed,
Ssilketred nthe following ext.
vat’ ro wth co that wt
coated an el u wh nates othe
ri and he hm. Ad se des Bnd gy
‘hg: que and es hated tte
shit repli a yeu band
atonal at tat yeu xpd tent fa
nae stl 5 eal fein yp witha
hin... Newton meted anf re.
ee What edn a simio xr
on freon hana gles.”
(iia, 199 cial 1974)

To begin the "expansion of essa’ there
fit has to de an aknowledgerent of the
universal lea flows,

1. Primary elements of Urban Space
Happiness

Licor akoundsastowhst porter the
favoured ingredients for baking acceso
“urban spe cake À desktop tud reveals
comelaions secs counties and aston:
lite, with general agreement onthe ele

ment leading to stato” spaces, and
suggestions about proeses for sucess
place making This paper doesnot intend
tocritique these das all but fers an a
temative cus and stating paint develop
tational repondre publ shred puce
es. sich may leat diferent cucomes in
(dierent areas.

Many sade allude t the eed fr shared
spaces tobe “owned” hy thei users, and for
place making to bean ti undertaken
by communi often st their own co
spd Er ther own benefit À teure ve
fa die ei nthe web pager ofthe
“On TheCommons’erganition which has
very wel cooled à number of sho
papes into à single Puma The desired
haceis and functional abres of
such spaces ae uniform, and del with the
‘Physical rea, but d nt capture the prt
ofthe place othe "ens let The com:
tons approach is cemanly à great way of
building community echelon but does not
ces rei sde the role public
pce 8 mine of community bere,
Sent and mythology. which appeorto be
essentilcomponentsof"happy” aces.
‘The it ofthe conten information about
cel publi shed space contained
Inthe felling Uist comple y Jun eh

“TWELVE STEFS TOCREATING ACOMMU-

NITY COMMONS
1. rotstion om tafe

2. Protection fom crite

3 roti rom the elements
& Apleetowalk

5 Aplizetostopandstand

€ Aplaetosit

7. Things ose

E. Opportnies fr convenaiont

>

Opportunites fer play

30. Homanscalesie and senil

Opportunites enjoy good weather

da beset quay”

2

ahdthisnsgh. adapted frm presentation
by lay Was Senor Fellow st On Te
Commons

Placemaking & à malificacd arch to
Melanin, dig, aed managonet rable
ac Pasito ein a, sting
and ag gots qe pele who le,
ek and play in apa ace to dico
ey ach and apts Ts maten à

Aensedtoente a comen vise bat plate
"Trevi can ee quip into an imponen.
Fai sae beging oh ral, do.
alle prove at cn mie) big
dones toull sac and the pele whose
Dem... anand ew eu coments
are ba oy has become so trad
at rum solidos sede have à
hance tee es and aspira ab the
cese lal. lc making reas thigh
1s by sg planes, Agr, and eg
ren ha tome kyon the habe ekg
communis nana es gl.
Inde gol er gl prnl Aina.
Thefts lingotes apa inte
A ple who, wrk and play na
ple

Thisgvesussomecluesaboutheprealing
concerns abs the design of public spaces
nd diferent waysof ging about improving
‘hem. Thee ate man efeencestthe need
for stalehalder engagement and insole.
ment of tected peopl inte development
Sad spaces However theres ver Tile
veis on th ned for ultra! her
tage tobe aculted within publi pac,
orar any Hnos dawn been specie
Cal diinsions and the potential for
aboli and less tangible elements of
"qual and alero guide the shaping of
sce,

The Campus Libor proces described
in Section below. proposes a way to a
css and include these elements in the
pale for plac designs. There will be no
Smile “universal shaone as each design
proses mat be by definan Ion and
commit pei,

Fil sec ae stay rom South AL

2. Reviewing stakeholder engagement
for improved public space in eThekwini,
South Africa.

eThekwini is à metopaitan iy of over
sm inhaitant,sinuedonthewarm. sb
tropical east cos of Sout Affe, eme
ingthe Indian Ocean. isa harbour and hal
iday cy constng 8 vibran and diverse
cultures Le all South Aes ce, <The
ini suffend fom apartheid planing and
istying te nit backthe tom brio ek
ey bath phil andemetenali

Despite this Durban (eThekwini has been
named inthe Mercer Survey athe South At
"ean iy withthe highs quay fifi
designated asa New Wonders She and is
number onthe New York Times Ist of sa
PlaestoGoin ors.

Surveys
Fate shan design bated studies were
conducted by the eThekwini Municipal
iy into Public Open Space (Pai) in 300),
Sand more general nuweys were undertaken
ty the South Alcan Council fr Stemi
Research (CSI) i 010 ito the use and e
sponse opatks within the municipal rea
There is generally no participation fom
ses or other stakeholders in the location
or development of these places and con
Sequeaty alow degree of “ones by
Communities Tis may well e he reson
for many public parks having degenerated
into wastelands threstening scury and
welling which sometimes resus in cal
evident calling for them o be raid.
Inf 5486 of responder () werecaling
ren pblicparkitobe fenced off The
seryoppotteofa"hapy’ shared. accesible
sndveleoming public psc

Balmes Park Flot Project
sing from the sume, plot initie
‘was undertaken bythe Architecture Depart
tment ofthe eThekwini Manicipaliy a u
‘wer akin 001 BahwerParkisawellenab-
had bur under lied pi park within
middle income reside sub lose to
the cy ente Residents, pak users cal
nee. pct interes groups, ol
slang chook cub and churches wer in-
vitedtos seis ofopen publi meetings and
parte cn soning eerie or.
improving he nature of thet pk, Owner
‘hipthe space bythe people wat resid
during the engagements. and all were en.
ured to think creatively o conte
tothe’ Community Brief, A blank paper
Approach wa taken, nich tothe suprise of
participar whomweremoreusedto being
told by government what hey wee gg
‘than Being sd va they ate

‘The result mas very poe, and stated to
demonter other eden, sty oils
nd pin that shared space creatively
eed, can ad immensely othe quality of

ie a wel sal cohesion within neigh-
bouthoods. This approach has staned toad
diss the question of csv and "pe
plecenzed” design in eThekwini. as well
Ss establihing stonger commun owner
Ship of public spaces. However. the project,
Aid not Lok beyond the cias physical
components and interventions needed to
mod the place tomeet the nee and sp
arcas of the local comm and gave no
hough to the intangible elements which
cul be incorporated to improve scale.
Teton and extend omnes ofthe space
toabroader range of residents Ths is where
"Otherwber” opened new doors.

Orherwhere
Legacy projets developed for the ash UIA
Durban Congress were specially aimed a
inereing social oberon, and "aking back
the ret Ts was pued by the concept
oftetenwhere’ which sated apply cul
ture and hera and Indiv] emotions
tin ret level Intervention sponsored
Fs th program. This hi was facilite in
sine pat hy the new elionships formed
between atrs musicians amis che,
poets con and engineer in the iy,
towards generation of shared spaces of high
quality, which would appeal to te oul of
racer iors. ae mish ast their
esthetic ei

Werks commissioned in the cys shared
spaces ange from massive murals painted
On the pills of ay By ven, pain
Sng elect contol boxe and indivi
Inspection covers with depitions fra a
ica settings and a proleation of pocket,
Parks“ and sculptures within every neglect.
corner of the cy Whole dient ofthe
y changed charter almost overnight, as
‘people began fel te ely ofthe own
ship of the main seth, the parks, the
Beschfrat, and the spaces between bull
ngs which had previas been dominated
by eas or sub reserved by one group or
other Briers wete broken downthrough
this eve.

The inne ty environment has never been
at happy a ding the week ofthe congress
An Ages 2014 This ge some imptus o
Initiatives to change the planning method
egies forthe ci

TP)

3. Proposing an Alternative Planning
Methodology

"TheDurbanUriventy o Technology Campus
Labortoy(DUD; Blue Skies Progam ots
he Un tes Cntr URC} of DUT has
subiste an opportun fr the eig
“Campus Masel oh seemed ander“
‘Squdthroopherpeinentto Sada ens
ru ina avale
{aisle fat ernment

Local ares Colors whichweks
in hy Architecture and Uban Development
ha proposed eo andere approach The
ine provides opportunities dents
sedate Saleboldestocepess thei dss,
rams and mios to guide ew ere
‘Senshi between bilängs, spaces, systems
dance This st ie the raton
‘high uly" ertoppy spcesonthe Cann
pus Vies pct there and ames reused
arab non threstening comunico
to est anowes beyond he superficial, Re
pondra ae enccuraged to dew on apt
flag reams legends mythe eur
sl deny omo and ther own erige
intheiranswen.

Responses willbe analysed and processed to
provide a Space Happiness Index, This in
ex wil ete he metaphyseal experience
to physi elements etes Layouts and
systems

‘he Campus Library opens des fr dis
canin prb myst ad bere
vine chy environment and forint
ton of charters ting to api of
pise le lion, tradition and emotion
to epguid butenvicament design pote
sional werkng th yin nding a phys
cal sion ofthe environment best ted
to the welling of hos living eng.
srulyingand paying wititbe cy.
“Thistntnive goes wel beyond planning and
dein, and as 1 integre people fom à
vee of kn diferente pos
Sons Ie tes and sc conos within
An ender to understand and cord the
lays ocn ad eli “hap Sse
inanimate poe contested a
cher and nee dipl, which 0 be
led Hapetum‘

Otto soy ec

Conclusion
Tabula isthe salu werdencempssing
happines”. Most publi spaces in South
‘Niesave sadly neglced and anything bat
apy. There ae the emepton bt

ae eye preserve of mre fent vi
tor riens This doesnt conte o
social cohesion, nor improve the general
ay fl of all South fans
‘Thelin, ha adopted the vison to be
come by ga the mes caring and liveable
Sky: Ts connote achieved within unta
Py pli spaces

South Asan ces and ul puces could
do with an injection of abolir
Pepe th paper at pain?

SU ailes que
Sean non
gnc Moda e
Seman piden pt
copied In ah Arche
andre meent
cin Coba
cert
ipa ne snorting
Seige nde preston
Seated being cate and

‘kon entra snl aed er (er
Bishan Dubin es New Werden
RCE macaco Mere
sul dla aus,

sean er
rente onglet
cp else
Pe

References

a 00) 5 Beni Ls Yu a
RE em Goer
Soho Sane crus pat

+ Beko let Res pels Gore OF
En Dan pue Sie por oye raed
Pc rh rin patched

= HT coro Cts pe andres Mo.
An

wg Ri yy) dm me Mare

Haren. nde Mets (ped

Ron Melo tad res Bn

The satisfaction of the
environmental requisite
for the urban quality city
as strategy of planning
to regenerate the
metropolitan city

Delia Evangelista

Introduction
Being gl the comfort ofthe person con
rected tothe sate of halt of he habit
‘hat surcunds him the quality ofthe en
ronment it Becomes the central theme of
the plis of development. Wit the term
environment be does tightly intend the
(Soleil habitat but the whole habitat
in which it develops him the oat human
three a the bul environment, with
particular tention tothe swing andthe
expte ofthe natural estes in the
net

The morphalgy of the ch is act
solved inthe lt centun cen in cong
‘ay and convulsive forming metropolis.
sith zone urbanized very va o regional
‘mension, where ferent metropolitan
‘eas unite him and they amalgamate in a
‘ontnicus envionment bulk of gr di
These complex conurbatins introduce
erable ery, thatthe recen develop
mens ofthe economic and environmental
ish hae set even more in evidence what
Presence of dead silent ban aes de
fended bling patine mised function.
Simi absence environmental como.
vil Härgeolopie in ease of exceptional
meteo phenomena
"Theenvionmentaldepradebsomessoso-
ia degrad, in how much the human being
resulstosrongly be conditioned by heel
Ings used the habitat in which ale

‘heparan gen quality ie mero
tan cstesaisfacton cere

The today cy eurent agreement as
ccolegiel silent sytem with evident
functional spatial and environmental rt
cal wth urbnized ass wey vat tor
oral dimension that they unite him and
‘hey amalgam in an envionment built
continuous fret dimension.

As ban econtem i undestood he ee.
to morphological level the isufient
percentage ofthe open spaces hat the ce
erben quality and ii. These new
modes of urban perception underline the
hive of transition that coses the concep
ion ofthe ey fom indus! ey 1 co
Toga

‘The ares with ges ii individual
cs inthe vacio at totally representa
‘hve mainly fom the indi ress or par.
silly disposal intl situates in external
resto he uibancester inthe rotates
cours or basin of water, estay e
Source fr operation of Indust) machines
Ssh the dispo of waste process and that
tently they esl total ber paria
englobe in sesenta dic.

‘These same dais, ben born for org
rally entersning the workers employed in
the Indus today completely anse
andthey result tobe you deprive ofsutable
Infasractues, united to environmental
comen ofthe buildings and the spaces
open of petnence because ofthe eenewed
favetional demand

In them, besides, lacks infrastructural ate
cen underlined snd technological These
Sree estas residual areas to be clas
‘ified defunctionalized, showing with
evidence ala oem of the places in
‘which the only morphological references
ets space deprive sffancionthst they
“determine some rel wounds inside the wr
ban bss,

Inthe coer ofthe border of thee aban:
dened esse factors re determined ore
covering the quilt ofthe urbaneroytem.
‘The valid sactral factor are water
round sir and green urban while the fr
for ovemtuctrl to them connected they
ae the consumed energy the acoust pol
tion andthe understood information 8
tive han the cine.

Aselements ofthe city ein considered to
need, you postions in the strategie.
zones, the brownfields sts become cea
Sons 0 bat god practice feneronmen
tslretnining

These voids ae ofthe ral tific land
spas of varying dimension, residual of
permeable ground inthe elation of road
Connection or bowed tes, in which it
ssited to aspontaneous and messy ema
tralnation ofthe pet

Often the presence in thee sons of works
ofprimanyurbaizatonitincteasesthe state
of egrde andthe risk hdrgecogil since
enough works of dain ofthe meteoric wa.
Les don vi. These esse defined there
fore edu a vemindes or fan au
tural ign orf funtion product junta
‘The idl ares are cloro therefore
2 not faetonal resida! open spaces
‘hei genesis i original due to iter
seotons of primary and secondary ur
Famizaon in uncultivte pren reas
orto apicultura use. They have an
‘regula form and they ae often pos
tioned 1 sheer or among town toad
onnetons, Inter or intemegional
of dit sevice residential of new
onstruction or destination dias
tenia They cen represent the oly
een space inside whole residential
(niet they dont haves ep plat
bu introduces an uncukined and ar
td vegetationtht llowsthe at
leyes
2. il open spaces de funtionaied
their genes due 19 the change of
proper deinston use ornightoring
axes that youthey have creed aso
cial and economie mutation inside the
lub abri. am ofen demi in the
‘brownies sts inthe sad comme
cialentersandinthe cy pars aban
Aenment They ae charter fom
Tinten vegeta ths ides the
puted pen spies and from an impr.
ad uno se ofthe sme and
Abel to work ofthe weak bands
the population andthe young people

‘These two categories of open spaces repre
sent in the morphology of the comempo-
any city the pli space destined residen
vial ites tothe sociation ofthe diri
around the industrial seas orto the com.
terial centers

The environmental degrade, due tothe lack
cffunetin ofthis space andthe consequent
fate of abandonment ft negatively inf
nee the oral nd eroname spec of the
ii.

The environmental ea it mainly go
en by the morphology and y the poker
ofthis space. Being len productive seas

TA

ding the extreme me

fond Indy ela ome te Np it Bra apt Et

he impermeable surfaces nt alowing

sky from the inhabitants of hed

al sbconigurtion though 3 technol

nidos sha tes money ef

reunctonalied the spaces hough the e
edo industrial buildings acordngto the
necesi iemerge rom the active she

ity through

‘withthe plonger that ype
grade ring he and mitin

ame wefuncionlned through pris

ce making ate:
manufatued anicks, tring the ates
ological diference thatthe impact ofthe
industrial presence has sufra

Theopen pasar control dog
from atechnclogisl upload through perme

he loorngs that act in operation of ther
¡generation ofthe wats of statu, with

‘iit of parking Lt with orings fe
ng and permeable that dain the water ain
the owetngfthe temperate pereived
hi laws the creation of places for anew
ban only.

The hy becomes sustainable if inept
inbalanced way the cust andthe center
ding a connecte fabri amorg the if
rex. The new conception of ecological cy

mii restoring the urban network of the
‘The functional mist educes the nsesty
due moves tothe ob andthe satisfaction
teen ICT and new technclgis they su

The town planning must free a rte
planning. In which the two levels ate com
ected bal etopoltan srenphening the
publitanspor of the comme.

The va reia! spaces rv to be, §

‘heir genesis branched on the urban ter
"tory and their re pla and maintenance
they forthe owesing ofthe perceived tem
perature operating a areas of ain forthe
management ofthe extreme meteorological
Phenomena mon snd mor oque oto
urls,

+. Thesty thems compleayenhatibe
manson ar ccd Scenes
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[bi drcentuctere heemetten
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‘hal done

Landscapes Recyclable:
New forms for the project
of the contemporary city

Francesca Fasanino

Recycling means put ick ino cela,
ote waite mei element tht have
Ton value and ot meaning ifwetrytotrane-
the meaning ofthis term in hectare,
en get a completely diferent esl de
pending on whether npeeeation or sy.
ing

The seycing. unlike the segeneatin,
works neceser onthe gapandonthe et
ue. Witte aim of giving anew valuetoa
produ, pice ofthe ci. toalindsspe fn
Sword, eyeing “new parie who
‘sues an aered sens towards the
ciones In whlch we Ie, whlch Im
volves theless of tans, even before
the disciplinas approaches.

In hi sense eye forces ut tink
madcaly the methods and approaches
whereby we interpret he change and ty a
htc, planers landscape achecs to
respond ts demand. The ri as high
lighted the inadequacy ofthe tools used to
dite and made ugent what Serge Latoushe
calle "eseful desing” though the theory
Pr

He agues that a eal change of perspective.
ces to bald a socia of sel gowth,
ante red though the ral progam
‘systemic and ambiics of the eight Re
kite, sede, reste reis,
else reduce, ee recycle, These eight
imperatives interdependent tiger ave
ur ce of decline serene and sustainable.
[isnot program but alevelofconcepton
ofthe ides Howeveritsems that thee have
moe strategie ole ofthe other he eva
ion because gies tll the change,
‘the reduction bese takes sel all pre
‘ial commandments of dere and seus
case le ecc see to the problem
ofthe city and the ere now consumed
fiom decoy and nel, deprived oftheir
dentin characters Bt the am of
building apesceful soit of decline there
location can net be only econo Flt,
culture the meaning fe must egaintheir
tential anchoring

mets sans |

‘The kay word autonomy. The selection
‘hetefoe plays a central le in top con.
‘stand rial eprowth, nde vided
mos immediately ito a pail program.
‘The dese sms to rene the od formula
cf eclogite think bal at ely Re-
Lect the economy and if is. significant
cendtion of sustainability. the utopia of
reste implies 3 abl though, today de
relied oly stating ro te tenir
À 3 practice ha allows to reduce waste, ©
Timi the presence of ware, t reduce the
cst of dps and contin those of the
ew production, Reycle means in other
‘word teste new value and new sense. A
her ele another ie. Therein He the
content propulsv reeling elogia a
Sn ht pushes the existing inthe nur y
ransorming waste into prominent figures
‘The innovative aspect of the comtemporary
condition resides in considering stp
policy for architecture, for the ey and or
Tandsspes der. The paradigm of re
ir I oppote to thoe af the new con
‘Suction anddemoliionthat dominated
period of modernity, but not tal The
practice of eying ofspaes and urban
ies an not be implemented with technical
steectypieal or tational instruments Ev
cry pic sdevery xs vin dire
Project We could talk she diferent trios
sed on a single intention strategy A
statgy oreted to the increase in qual
Ay and environmental landscape in the cy
sd. the ater hand the ersion ofthe
density ofthe metropolitan incon suck
‘sugested by Renato Bechi in “New ie
els fr achtectoe and intrstnctue of
‘ect and Landscape “the fit publication
produced under Reseach FIN eel who
an to investigate the fe of yen of
‘he indsape from the analysis ofcogiive
rchitectaes and infeastctae ofthe cy
andthe courtside on ourtertony.

“Thereftence ange the new way design
ing thearchitctte pat ofthe landicpe not
‘he tents at while the tenor. ashe
poles out Rens Boch ks architecture
quant aii, pesinence over ie and
projet a authori decision ale o es
Ish the competitiveness among the paces
caga the author’ signature: the des of
Landes, rather, on the contrary seks
to grow od together to keep changing con
stanly 3 the lndiapes change. Thcugh

the highlighting of wealth unrecognized of
brownfield sites ietifstion of urban e
seurceswasted ou ec tte waste inthe
tentes. spices, architectures, infos
‘ores uninhitited. abandoned, never used
ch serps fon who ask ehinking
ofthe projet that generated them. And sill
the same sd ofr themselves a “ra
erat segle, Th implst develop
roc andmodelepabe finding tion
nthe eating lines of efenertion hat an
radially rethink modes con Phil
nd manual extng sectors and ooo
Jete cvenseconsdningte value ofthe pro.
ny o log time neglected Landscape as
sutstatainthe design ofnew eles fi.
Interest the
¡one ofthe review process the landscapes
of abandonment. eig ofthe exiting
snd the city and is mental. These three
tral, often bites and sometimes paty
cverlpping, pt tgeher the uo nuts of
term post production.

‘The ft who exploed with sade con
stanly searching the problem of "wate?
nd the ap was Kevin ch in Wasting
‘away Ghalin edicion Cuen 1999, which
opened the theme of wate” and ware
the biggest problem agains which the ge
Vale world would hove un shortly thee
after The importance of dying the pore
Isinthecty was tete wit ebay
Kevin Inch nthe les twas Blast
Vote Opportunities that the reuse of abın-
ped Lad. such as lay stains, fences
ox Hvetck ses Alluvial ould ge to de.
fine ane rer the contemporary ly
nein hose year urban became se
‘hat in orderto deal withthe conter
fusta voids generned by the shandon
‘ment fomthe isposslofntualeaue nd
Dex needdto vale he changes made by
man o the environment though à ete
shaljisofnairl siens,
Henetheintereinaheisues fchange the
decline reos ed tothe bit of acom
tinuous stand ofineenigaton and nui
pinar study that today ses the highest
expression in urban planing architecture
nd landecape

eta sed by Kevin yc yet in hi por
nome back mare fous, Wasting Av.
“rap unnecessary ina random mint an
suggest new forme wile preserving he p-
thos ofl meaning:

Inflows thatthe sbandoned y ipo:
ote inthe popular imagination a à pase
for and degeneration oks real nie or
those who want tory their and inthe de.
sign using these materiales base 1 ep
feta ely will natural mice that
fs offeedom and danger

[Ws an example the Garden House Ballin
le in West Oakland an open ir museum
cof works old a made by the an and
ner of the house that bears hs name
Mare Batkwinkl,recyeling the erp cot
lected here andthee forthe neghborkood.
In fac, at he tod in an interview with the
New York Times, came from England in
West Oakland in 1972. The neighborhood
was degraded, mot frequented by pros
Cuts and criminal his house cos only $
10000. nd iter attending accuse oleae
hetechniqueofmealbeguntomakeuse of
esse round himto cheat today are
the works unique and valuble By the tiene
the diste was redeveloped and place of
shundonment and deradtion has become
Sealy ssidentlnelghbshood wher,
were 9000 mate il cupid by the
arden ofsrp ton.

Once again we can ee the rin cetaintheir
symbolic value, evocative, even more #9
‘when the weakening ofthe sense of pur
pose fr immediate human allows greter
freedom of form, and als of mental recon
‘The ndscapes change om one function >
nother ate sbandoned and receipe tke
few frm, turn to previous sates, and
sometimes ate changed eve.

‘The remains ofthe sucess phases of 0.
upon acamulse andbesome par the
nature che Lndabe Lndicape changes
cumulting debrisofhinone.

‘The decommissioning, abandonment and
desncion ze tthe only generto of
wat sol Thee ae ues nt well cepted
¡never community ld, but essential >
the ger tertitory.

"These include the arangement of people on
the margas foci iis oferto
housing. social rehabilitation institutions,
pee hospital. equipment thst
ave some direct tect of Aitunbane (mo-
tons quam, heey Indust ep.
ment soap (Lindl, incinerator sewage
cults. serbes) tht we voi and yet we

ependonthem

Yet the decline in nature ha a strong es
thet appeal: Js think of he landscape
of Soke on Tet, dramatically shaped by
col mining andthe production of cram:
iss it appeared with wells, moustans and
ages bre The mid tersa entry,
nother English county badused up much.
Tad but fom the end ofthe E's most of
it wat ecovered a open spaces and forest
‘The cones cf débris were temedeled andr
Planted walking andeyling rote they.
Paced the ol allways the land recovered
today provides an open back and a pew ur
ban form forthe cio
We know thatthe landscape etimately
Tine to cur subjective reading and ult
that he envionment a i of beste
emponeats ofthe ving. thatthe garden
‘isthe dream try and the collection of
‘he best polla project” With these words
Giles Clément in His bak, gudes, nd.
ape and natural ens opens the section
dedicated he ci recyclable in paru.
itis intemtingto note that the thot of
the autor fortes on two funtion o
the thape ofthe contemporary the it
concerns the absolute necessity of pling
interior verte second eld survey o
onstruction sites of the tre ithe ie,
esse, hs acquitcn ands hundonment.
‘atime when wewitnes the take the rm
of forward thinking of Kevin Lynch we are
‘Showing how the ite coloca us etm
tothe mater andtoaskurelves what tools
‘we can wet give bark tothe environment
ná therefore f the ondsape and garden.
what we subtested Recyeling becomes an
Imperative or a scety consumed the iy
woul then be reeled a compromise be
seen ephemeral architecture and stn:
be arcitecur transformed into garde.
Toten toa show "preto io
ph ofthe sues object of my search, you
Should quickly mestonsomeesxperiencesot
rietropltan es that imprenable
tified ofthe problem. har implemented
ages implemented and attempts 12
Solve the problem, which sil can be con:
cerm.asexamples om be methodslgial
Shdtechnolgia
Buttwoclaie aion should belntoduced
2. the us of wate and “waste hare
Since determined the new Lanicape
problems identifying unwitingly land
res not previa considered the

rss of cumulation of waste, ofen
feending several hectares, sometimes
‘with accumulation > regular “waste,
though often without a lar ida of
ernten ofthe waste, sometimes
even with a lapins which
then led mote teeny tothe famous
theme ofthe’ land fie Campania
and. more hated in aly and Europe
“Thee ares conste "new tentes
Landscapes negative, to which we mus
find aliens.

2 Thetheme ofthese sea though
ral perspective ht ofa new landscape
drawing “able and reusable by the
people, mst necessarily pss through à
theme more Technical whichis ltd
to technologies" reclamation which,
in pa, aveo do with he techniques
radial calle” Iandsepe* wile
Ina it and ager quant must em
ploy techniques based on chemical a
pets physical nl ee

And this ta messe of the complet of

the challenge hichcan not be fomgnto he

Landscape Architecture, o Tandis pe

st bt a we understand in tee dierent

Femthasimplyosented"asoralment by

recent developments dispo with peri

ing seba reseons and and a

[sof the end of the la century the deve

pment of lexical expressions suitable to

dsignate those particular ypes landscape
that es fem improper use of the terio

"es andthe wast of natural eses as

Increased sigan, symptom inten:

cation of election, conducted In beast 10

iles rather heteropeneus, on thi

sue of pesing cue,

In particular the expression landscape e

Jete indies beter han other ain

fatundanmentofpomiens land compro.

led by appropriate use tes are fen
in diet contact with the places of everyday

Iie, and often iginte a sch comfort

cor severe forms of pollution that resul, in-

tb in their tejen by cien Sim
art what hapenstothe waste themselves,
in ac, ine collective sense in thee lind
ape ancre negative consetstions

Sethecally ample, dituring and

dangers te plcesto avid where isnot,

este pass eventos be.

Conversely they represen srmegespucesto

sta tegeneralon process colegial ad /

or prometen tie fr eure: ae l.
‘imately Landscapes actully decido qual
A ba ds of petete disotered.
he tte often oftheir origina qua
ties, die abuse to human ac
is mor or les legal that have depleted
sources. ote leds to else of identity of
[store landsspes, the degradation of env
ronmental quali, the fare to met social
needs "sand the disposal of these activites
bete mining production ooter- thet
allows (or teams) the ic of these
indices cherie stably concesled
which sche fit essential step for there
‘Covey With egud tothe techniques unde.
lying the redevelopment projects of these
landscapes which f couse des nt stand
tthe ultimate end bring the ares interested
Inthe orignal sutton you may experience
‘dualtiendof envention and "rene
Inthe fs cae the project becomes an op
perunity to work on te comas between
ie and nature, emphasing I and es.
ttemizzanéle eidg any temptation
asking of miei; resorting acentstion
of tems frgoten or lire by rule,
the applction of thie approach has the
Sense to explain to users ofthe Lndicape
sere the character ofthe st, In he cate
ofthe socalled environmental retratos
were. the tendency of mature o resume
Spontaneously possesion ofthe troy is
in some way helped, stimulted of course
rot without transaction design and shows
value afeompositional wet definitely
lower than that the previous cae Ultimate.
vil inthe fist case isto peste with
minty formal inthe second you pursue
sls that are decidedly more structural per
epale, moving will à pepecbe “eco
logia

‘Within tis famewerk he prie of ey
ling is propeted at a mode option or
the transformaron of andcaes rected in
“new landscapes more than entre more
‘han tying to wesublih à natural condi
tion orginal now lst fever, this should
esta setae meaning tothe places
‘hough sigue of reinenton®, Recycle
Iapdstapes refed means then move be
tween memory and invention, technique
designed organ autanable environmen
tal condon andthe choice of union
‘unpublished, configuring repos (lua

spd or concepts) between the elements

pe Fain als At Cini (one recon)

lead pret ant hose produced the
csivistespensl cre dera and
mu one maybe dde mea ultimate
den the umpeenth venting inthe sched
tle he nde

Since the his ithe century nine.
ing number of dsg experience has red
to reel expedient Anton mp
sonwith an exising probleme rare.
fm ae ofdecine A pardgmtic ee
À thro the anf, andeapes of dorer
nd contamination, which ae bl by sc
msn and propre byerng resting
‘he cath what ti ot ble to receive and
inst itothe natal gles The pecs tht
teresa places nt pusuethe esa
denofthestein ante Computes) to
recia tthe ses rento conf
pond that hasbeen depired fay

pret bythe pbc hg the ad
spew phys chanetriicn
Dostothelagesurieshaceitisofthee
pies. path tendue ofthe mot
immediteandebvins it lisse
let the shape and texte ofthe bite
would net supp any Frm fbulläng
seen forthe phenomenscfgsfxms
‘ion inthelomer yer
Bybee Park Palo A Calma ia pr
tof reclaman ofan aa in fot ofthe

Son Pci By ely ud nd The
ici! nd ap that chere
collaboration between the study of An
camada paint Hargreaves Acces

and ains Peer Richards and Michael Op
penis, has some features tht ae now
commonly accio with the puts sel
ined Und uch athe lack of eet to
trunkednew planing inthisexe eng
lg be Lager of ath tha coven the
frase and damage the ros any te ould
act mse hate lal: orthe
presence ofeorthworks anclas at e
fetos Land Art Tetra win though the
parto dni amumberotprimendl lies
it by accua and ping a ev sio
ple clement ke itl mounds of ah wth
Ernie shapes embankments in propa pe
Ese telementsrfaly arangedtomaik
space, which ae fred seee poi
‘Tanne that 5 redaminaıly horn
ardt shadows
Unite ihr pas made above à anil
‘which out ates fr erence
‘onalasties-sich soc reece
in li ovethe and ya gb
Mb the Bybee Fark proposed
2 pare dedestedtothereapprepiion by
‘he avia andthe fe enjopmen twist
tors Tissunceontbepan high
ght dert eve open some putsofthe
pro inwhichthestmetersin modeling
sample provide thatthe atureths il
amp the et nl cloning the ew
but estenialelementsintrodacedby man.

An approach othe transformar of pak
ing spaces andl dame oppo is
he one adopted by au Noguchi andthe

study Architect sPannenipin!

Fark Japo The sea of about 80 ace cur
rently cccupied by the park is located near
the lake Moesenama, a medium rois
thot wae formed in the Bens of the ver
that divides into two pat the cy of Sp
per, and until 298 housed a huge snl
municipal waste Strongly backed by the
‘sculptor and designe lama Rogue (1304
1988) the Moeremama Pak i designed a à
Tang sculptune at the ban sale, consent
wäh the design vison oft author who a
ready had several cher times dealt with his
‘ype of apreachthe topic the City atk On
the death of Noguchi which scared shor
ly ae the preparation the genera plan
the study Archie 5 Fatnenhi becomes
the ole ner of the project executive Be
‘use ofa design proces ha paul
rouble he park opens tthe pub a
though nt fly completed in July of 998
and wat Anal Inaugurated in 2005 Inde
runs promensde tht intercepts some pls
Uelements sateredinthegreen such ads

hiltoppedty appramidlsructureinsteel
tubesoreventhe Play Mountain designed in
1993 ranather publ poe andever Some
ofthese elements ar habitable, such = Hi
amar sor of winter garde inte formof
Tange las pyramid that housesinside shop,
restaurants, exhibition spaces and sce
Spots, others such he fountain Funan
Sea, paul spectacular What emerges
strongly rom thee flies is aston pay.
‘which stimulates the visor the dese 16
espere them et onl visually but male
ing use of ll the sense, demonstrating the
‘ality fhe projec and config Hops
bios place inhopiable bth posible and
cesary to derive sable paces

The opportunity for development and inves
tigation ofen issues are nt aways.
such atthe deny ofthe pice andre tech
niques of renaturtination of pa of the
indice eased were fundamental to my
recent tip o Fra in Lisbon, whee in
the month offune 2014 wasinauguntedthe.
pk Rela das Nason study design PROAP
ston coordinated by the Tandscape ach
tect Jo Nunes. The dea of what cold be
Called "ecpeling nat nda
dates bat 20). Original the tir das
aus wasthenamegiventotheontructon
ofthe alce bei that King Don Manoel
uit wet cf th ew yl ple,

In the eighteenth century. the Bibeln ds
Nas was renamed Royal Arsenal Naty as
resul efthe reconstruction ofthe center af
Lisbon afer th earthquake of 755 In 1910.
he sured the name of Naval Arenal Le
on andthe‘ ace tothe ver Tus was in
temuptd by the constuction of the tic
ss Nas Avenue, The Ribera Das aus was
made up ofthe Lips shipyards Oceanic
Fortouese empire especial fom here de
pated the ships that were celebrated for the
gen dires.

‘The hitoial importance of the se tay
is Highline by the revelation and thei
tegation ofthese elements fs (Arsenal
in. the wall ofthe basin sepa ey co.
partial bred and potently determining
the character of the suce contig the
process feceton ofthe Rei das Maus
enfin an aide ofwilingnes to e.
ah and spropristene tothe pice, an
‘tablish the letemelationshipe between the
emironmen and rues

‘The architecture ofthis space ofthe Ind
ape ofthe Riese ver Lisbon there
cs contre proces tht ination
to being ble to generate anew ele fife
for à compromied environment sony
from the natal componen, sas an at
vempttocedefinition bu spaces designed
to emplasis the ned fr spi ce
‘concept, that of exi which eo
aed withthe recibi, undertood in.
this ease a the “pporuniy to develop an
tude that roe the designer and users to
swords preter environmental sarees and
roue ition, The ul sche eh
Sion fa pat of the historical and ctra
Panda of Liben through the incorpora:
‘Sonat afew simple sii nd natural ele
prestar low youtemphaie the spect
landscape andenviroament ofthe ste.
Theory character ofthe pace andtheir
vecmionto aecommodte the al th
‘of thee looking fora simple and rest con
‘uct wth the river Tags have prompted de
signers o take à design approach based on
paul careful ef the Mori com
Sins, an a definition of vocabulary of com:
poston elements omthe teil tthe
ace no tar cles wile

Ia so e orale sh Teto
Eds, ol Sorteo
‘Bacio alt rng as
Marais Stang 00 ve

Seb acer anata fe
Spandindeyetels ACNE Re
Bet

Rn asso Bld The

Newtek me US opens
so nr
al ru 2 qe

Mange Capo sor Lackner
rai 7 CA EDTTORE Rome
FA son redness
Beer mono
AS
Melnoyeterinmactiys
end as DEDO

References

ment
se
Bye
EE

afin La y Maro 2013, Buluwalnd The
es ete
a
ee
D ne
ato
Be
Meso ja april. PES DEALS

Superelevata Foot[Prints].
Recycle, reuse, urban
happy mood

Sara Favargiott, Jeannette Sor

Farsestanoavtinandeia moment dot

a aan et un se

che nace ancre lect ot
(Calvino 1983)

SUPERELEVATA FOOT[PRINTS]
Onthe 21 of September z0r4one ofthe most
Interesting spots in Genoa = the indus
‘hipyarde ner othe Ancient Harbour as
been temporary opened tothe publi For
one day this ares stetched between the city
andthesea te ny par ofthecetal wate:
ron ofthecy that hasnt ben transforme
bythe convertion ofthe hy of Genoa Ino
pubic space, as become the that fr 40
natation tha connected the Indust
pat ofthe city toi contemporary sours

SUFERELEVATA FOOTPRINTS) was the
ame ofthis event wat organized by the
Race Genoa Lab ofthe Univesity Gene,
in colaborion withthe Municipality ofGe-
nos and othe pre and publ asocio
nde the most pra uban
Snfastuctne fh ity: Shade Spades,
‘he highway sunning betwen the cas and
the hitrl center of Genoa Organized in
caen ofthe 094 ein ofthe European
Mobily Week “Our Suet, Our Chie
the event thus feed the pos o ex
peine this hidden ine compro Between
the and andthe wer In he Shadow of the
Sopracevata highway mingr sensizshe
ren on the lance ofthe groundinthe
experience of publi pices and highlighting
the aby of eines to imagine new une
fer ban spas. or one dy the dream ofa
continues than promenade along the city
‘co iebecomesteali.

SUPERELEVATA FOOMPRINTS) has been
alto thought as a call or projets open to
publican peste ete eines aan,
ches ats, enterprise, communities,
copeativ societies, informal groups su.
dent and every form of pre ox ple

TP

Everybody ws ined 10 paca in the
consi ofan urban performance with
‘sens and proposal tha woud expres and
const a once manifest fe there
ie of urban spaces, This performance
ind one day o experien, communis
tion experience she and dseninat the
do à posible atte, Theselced propos
ls ranged fom temporary ban fui.
inersieinstulaions to soca playa.
performance and happening. Bey group
fave sealed one "Footprint Mane
whose shape resembles the segle sy
andtha have teen personalized using dife
ent materials, prob wasted or reeled
¡teles gypoam. sand hipping pate.
coloma Each nio wa easy to tn
port and was mount ad demountable
new hours these manifests became tem.
poy estallan express a concept
Interpretation or shan eye,

SSUPERELEVATA FOOTPRINT hs ised
5 Ra and International Universe!
woking on the contntion of «Recycle
Marito”, hundred of searcher, dsg
em students asien, and people who
‘ae om aller aly tore he installs
ons andthouean of chiens that cul ex
pere ruil par the cy tar belongs
orhertradtionbu has absence.
do public wee or oe day the are ofthe
Ancient Harto and the seais promenade
weefinlireonnected andeeningane skm
Teng pth pente publicandelsedtove
ie

High evel of happiness could be registered,
from ny pany. Alca area pre,
the Budget was minimum andthe mier
wer vohnter we can Sy tht al those
‘who crgaiad designed, pomated.anden
perincedhe even were present hapay
sith th result and no complain has been
sen,

‘Websliee thatthe onsensusand success of
theintiativecan e atihunedtothre main
sspese tee inredens for happy urban
Fi, the event hs been rele in anaes
which is uouly pte ad indus and.
‘hat as been dosed and opened o the
publi or à show amount of tine. The op
Posty décorer hidden pats ofthe iy
aime mised andinte ete exper
nce ofthe whocouldenjoy tronc

Second the pice was rie pat of 2
much Inger vision forthe ety and ua
it of lif. Sine the preparation forthe eb
crios the so yeas ater the dsovery
of Ameria, the Colombiad of 1992, Geno
a invenedintansamingthestes onthe
sec in publ space, The shipyards
der Sopreleas ae the only mising prt
to comes the eat and the wet of the oy,
‘hgh rl entes SUPERELEVATA
FOOTPRIMIS] explo this cena, pre.
seating a vision ofa chy that porns ts
Inhabitants and makes them protagonists of
this proces change.

‘hin the insltons and the whole event
set series of ponte for à place which
suple aseo she in Genoa br hat
nly has ene function. which i indus
hy debts foreas the posibili o move
the shipyards eee and conven ll his
est something design anew water.
fon and so on, A dae fr this tensos
thon no set ls not lea yet whether
this wouldbe forthe bes, nevertheless every
Sunday the shipyards not used SUFEREL
EVATR FOOTIFRINTS| showed how through
temporal if made. low cot and live
tion mall mesingrandusescan best.
tobuedroths place The temporary eue or
rua reeleastheareaisusedwith core
pletely diferent purpose roms original on
be deployed aa sete focas posible
fare forthe diemisedinfrtncture ofthe
in Genoa in hist als elsewhere
In Genoa as in many the ei moyle has
crepe nt only 3 3 tte fr conte:
pony whan development bu alo a new
paradigma vay ce which vey
Exeontibate,

‘The allowing paragraph wil feos on the
potential of adopting teclea a clive
Sieg happy ban transformation. a
À netos aches, municipal, tan
developers andinensinaprocessofchnge
that usas an chatte iin of ee
dion meanings and quatestoexiing
spaces The relance nd consiency ofthis
pce and something hstcannct,
Beunderetimaedanymene.

Recycle Footprint
In tems of usan planning and design e
cyelecambeintended a procure
capable of tggring à continuous texts.
on ofthe anton sytem, a med fr

higher apd thei In bet the
‘hy doesnot flow an unchangeble og
al bur ithastheespaytoregenerte
‘self om within, to verme oni cycle
ad is dele by rite hal, This
pres of einterreuon, of finding new
meuningsand fom frcbecee or dissed
tartan Inndcapes, hs interested many Bu
pean ce a the lat decades especial
‘hove turing fom an indus economy o
à por indus coe, Raed on tous ser
‘tes cultor, and infomation, In the se
of Genoa thinking abut reel the cy,
Jandicpe, and arhhesture, mean o lok
tthe ne longer ud indus beige se
stent ight and eclogia intratmactr,
ice inthe heart othe cy. The project of
Infastucture, 5 Mos Riel underlies has
‘ntl now been conceived sa medium fer
developmen: necessary and sult on
ton to esate ubonbatke and prove
Imetopotian qualities, Recycling cbse
Infastractarls instead à rent operan
‘requests locks the extn condsionst>
develop new portant andes for
pS

The Recycle Genes Lab group led by Mest
Wich the crpnied SUFERELEVATA
POOTPRINTS,hisconductedapreliinary
survey to define the rl impr al
earl opi, Th resting image shows
coli of osoled india lings,
nfrtncunes and faites that have been
cased by the abandonment of spre, fe
(ons or economic activi, Thi lentes the
iy with an unexpected rage tht must
be seul. very iy has a ze imprint
represented by the amar lares volumes
nd ant that ve been eje
Spd than can be vale tough thelr re
se. Sa the theory of eagle can beato] or
the city development giving new meanng>
predic new alot those par ofthe ey,
Building and ope spaces ta hae lied
een made but which were abandoned

A more seno terion isto be pid to
the abandoned mate of the cy So ha,
though the activation of «new Le opel,
Weil ngende new perte aude tothe
titan design The Laboratory i developing
ne development model that estore the
ae fopen ces ahays een sh aburden.
tstherthan recur,
Considering them sanunban aa there

"These guide the interpretation ofthe aban
dened nfstrostaes scoring to diferent
sues. ces than and regional
plans serials, new ental mitigation
And environmental compensation. Those
ita ae abran! information that pro
vide the basis on which develop designing
Stages and sons atthe same tine they
rat be updated acord 1 the come
hier fom the ether phases ofthe re
seach proces,

‘Urban Happy Mood
Ging ack othe thie possible ingredients
fo than happiness wecan say recelo
implies the other two = the akuten of
new senesto ae the elation totime and
‘the pararon to am overall seg and
vision of change Reel devices ae indeed
racial temporal, and ste specif oper
ins, which cfr an overall strategy fre
cgeling usm landscapes",

The pric of cyte implies that specie
interventions corespond to speci aces.
[As Ri pts it we may speak of dierent
tacsrespondig 10 one eg of iter:
vention adapting the uban and indus
holete heritage to contemporary need.
improving its environmental performance
sing social interaction and appris.
tion and suggesting new economies it.
nike plan or states resemble a of
proceeding step by sep giving immediate
answers to contingent condition. Specie
lass of intention may became oper:
Aol devices capable of activating these
ei. even for few months or year, im
pork the corona) and qual
kof suncunding and suggesting tre
‘ses and meiga

Ryan le nes implies the tem
peral variable e. thinking abou design in
terms of ie cyle and transformation pro
cesses For the Reel Gena projet the in
teva and neglected pues ofthe cy be
‘come te place in which new actives may
take pice, emerging urban nd ape ih,
connected con make anew esl in.
fratrutue forthe cio This faste
may have ies of tiation, functioning,
aná tanfrmation tha are diferent fom
radios] ones, determined by chiens
thes by thew ofthe tot ca pro
rote these interventions, y the ety el,
shy the natural transformation ol

fea and temporal prcee over time, The
riet of eye therefore suggest build
‘sions rscenarior that become step} o
testdeviestht may erplcaedandimple
rented suggesting new methodologies and
Opportunities offered bythe exiting cond.
tons. The te suggest progam which is
eye pei and ime reed ng ttm
amer canbe modified thragh short
term projet; mul ele devises tha are
Tighe red

Final the construction of recycle devices
so implies sch aspects and contribution,
teen more thin inthe cave of tational
tartan design projet or planning Reel.
ecesriy stars fom existing condition
‘hot can Be highly connotated in tems of
remot and identity but lo be particule
y dia because ofthe degradation that
years of notusage lead ta Reel is well
en and not lin practico every
bodycan understand appropeate and being
forward a spontaneous collectively shared
price that ight kn is probably ae the
nly poble ae fr sommunltarlan
police and urban planning all ve,
‘Thinking about eying devices san ove:
llurban strategy, nel means to ce
ste a etion between processes ofinfomal
appropriation of urban space (ettomup)
nd tei visions that ft uns
pasties mechanisms of apropriation that
sre nat contemplated by general cy plans
Sndthat can nevertheless eich the quality
of public space and colectivo experiences.
Geils gardening ‘gal erchadh and
fuming teta, or ste pk often pro
uceinnoration within the Hidden spaces ol
hein shadow testing their x
‘ence nd adapting tthe aan space
‘The vol ofthese atte and spaces
cam be itated by ea ations. Ryo
can indeed te seen a procesal project of
ttanstermation an operational device that
would re plan Genoa urban mobil and
publi spaces,

Urban happinesscan te ound inthe ico
cy of new emtions a well inthe sense
cf set that fair and liveable places
provide but ve lave llo Past do wit
the fling fbeingprtfthe peces ofcon:
trbuting tthe cretion ofa eter place o
livin Aste purpote of his Benne high
Tigh, memingsatced to the bat een.
met Become modified s sci als eco

one changing patera e some
cexgmisatin and solo (Knox. 1984) Re
«ele à very comtemporary atte, that
as the potential of transforming invisible
plaint lvesbleuiban spice

1. Brentoainedy the RECICLEGENCA
LAR Deparment of Architectural Since,
Fiche School. Univers ef Genes
<ndincoatoaon with the Mania
Genoa Amis dliaSopresta
Ancien Proteo Accion of
Arche Gea Royce al New fe
pel frio an land nant
snd cher (PR 3012015) Bent
Kindedby BAAD rh
sit Sodetrop pgm 042015.

2. Te arpas cli Week sg aimed
mera be way nl abut
‘utanspaceandtoerloethevelsisship
Fee indus and quliyofä The
ours sega "Our er cure,
nées pop to te they that
they watts vin ennemies

3 Motelnfoarionabouthe a
projets he selected nd end projet.
Sndthe event are lb onthe
lowing oficial website po,
feetocecon/supererainprotte.
Sepenlestawerdpeissem.

à The projet have been lied
byacommiterotmenbenst
the eye Resear Prt the
Maria Genoa the Ami
dalla Scprnterst Ancien and
‘the Proteins awison
Arche enan ih ued be
comp andthe

5 Theevent he involved students os
diese from allan andinterationa
Universes Univer UA Venezia.
Universit del Sud ent oleo
Mina ec Torin, Univers
degliSudidi Genova Univers deg
‘Sto iRomsLa Sapiens Universita
degli Studi NpsiFederotL Unive
{gh Suu Palerme, Univers dep
‘Stoibedterane gg
Universit deglstudi.tannunciochit-
sara Unies degli Sud Camerino.
Unive dels Blesa Lbs
Univer Hannover AAC Burela,
Lebanon Arc Univer ein.

6 The shot marie SUPERELEVATA
FOOTERINTST «ietedandedhedty.
Andres perdi. tees the urban
‘pein andthe happy impresora of
the peopl during the event vides
babe st thelr ne epee
e ip

Rss M, Teil asomi"n trae
abr stride adds Le
rar ete y Cod and

R Msc Ara Roma 204,

Then hs born sorted Most

ist Res xno Mined On,

[Albeo Be pra So Pope

Chi Cat annette Sr Adi

(he Super ok Beste Art le

gel Federico Bon Ma Font Gla

(Guts Gla igs, Var Manin,

Davide Malan Siva Pe Alla

Rowe Minen Asi Bisnis

9. Reyeleisthetiecfancngeing
In eee eje ha ik o
Ian Uaierstiesncdigthe
Foculy ofArchtectue of Gees and
Seveninernaicnalpurne asthe
Unis Universit Hannon,

10 TherlevtedeadctGenoatonecfthe
main el ete the cy A previa
‘Sid icone the cy longthecoatine
Anderer heoldtown the tours
Commercial hour Since many yeas
de ae can acornenildete.
The eye enc a propos avion
Sp iur thought rel

Sa Pia Bye
eno Pom ae Fa
In Dadá: Danapine
Tai eitedly Mest Rel and
Joc Schroder Arce Roms 014

12. Seeab Jae Sr, ale Devkes.
Stange peine” In rhe Grom
Tan jets ete Mest Rs
andre Sede, Aer Rema one.

polie Tan
elangele Genova 202.

4 Ric eye Forint Imprenta
“ain Age aor MnCl
ape Arte ait la
CA PasagpiseibedbyS Marin
U Sotanel Are. om 2013

15 Ris Me Te fs ac In paar
nb ctr deabbande Lei

fra alta Conadiand

Res Arana Roma 084.

There is not a continent,
country or culture: the

agreeability in the public
Spaces is. seach of the

human being
aria José Gomes Fetosa

Urban Regeneration
‘The hie ar not endy he places where the
people live, work and study, Easily The
ust go futheron

‘The man isa physical anda psychi begat
the same time He neither only phi,
nor only pics The equilibria is only
fetched the human being gesto d stv
‘ies that ook at these wo par

What would bea publ space of gully
for our 3 continents in counties with sr
esters?

‘The pace where ch one feel hat led
Iissoulof peace dal

search and sui the inner pace fame
ina place tht prorcke me thie

‘The uban space must speak os own The
rot mast be atansfrmer forthe sen
enter wich a rhythm and there 1 low
down mit

Then atransormerftorofthespacewauld
bete own project. that achieves the we
Nevenbels, there ae thie primordial el
mens of Natures the presence feat sit
anduner

ety sop to think Why in a park do the
pple go to meet wuterwherhera Take.
cero foutaln? What strength dos this
soe element have, that becomes an bist
feonteplation?

Inthe same way testing eth pled
seach human being fetches it These three
clement ae eses forthe man, ut they
eed tobe in harmony among them and
sriththeown man.

Such harmony integrated with the sete
fs the Beautiful Beau one that dest
mind having been done a remote pt
the modern ox contemporary epoch.

‘The important hing is that strate it
sera the ier andenteritesence

‘There i ot any county that have bigger
cor smaller purchasing power and several
cultures that dont fetch agreable leisure
Paces.

For example the Meroplítan Fak in Jos
ah Saudi Arba sue dbermeen the des
et andthe sn has a "perla promenade
that provokes a microclimate for ts users.
(One parle sverto this pola as several
coblqueand ply passes creating er
tnt sensations for xch person

Mesnil, there sr public open spaces in
shanty towns in Rode Janeiro Bri where
here are musical activin dance fr cil
dren and young people, penning them
toa heathy Iie and moving them away
from doug

‘Thepublcspaesareasonswt potential or
solution of many existing sect problensin
our countries Unhappily many governing
donot elie them,

À ban of à ladscaiog protect adapted
tothe climate, 10 he culture of exch cy is
able to influence the users perception In
Bears Park in Amsterdam there ae fr.
rte places that induce the perception
ofthe people who o there, For example,
there a wooden Belvedere ove the river
when the people ema ni o stand up
Trading or meditating practically in the
mile ofthe river

Countless leafy trees ale hi han In
other paces the users psthrough ous
ways with their em of che, and sud
deny they some store a sul, which
Detsade them to think. There ae so many
income son in such pak that, in
fe. san induced therapy. king all pes
pleatasıe ofhappiness

‘Thebes prats for people
of happiness wil be fst inside of them
Selves ertesch person mast rytomeet her
pate wy. The rain wl take pase
in seach of open spaces for the relato.
and ur. Each ser mus fetch it om
a A age groups shouldbe contemplated
seth pei spaces A prod example Cam
Grande in Valsad Spins

ere aleel

apy ses ae those wherewe fo well we
‘watt remain forever and would be ale
(sof the dy without and encon There
is beauty, harmony personal and collie
sition would be mal paradise
‘This eof happiness that ter im some
cig on the werd needs a coninution
hrughthewillofacl parement.

Such happiness hate users el inthe.
eee planned

sto am |

WWW. Waste Worth and
Wellness

Gabriele Fiocco

The compost bin asa value converter
Oarunbanemironment tly became theater
cf stream of daeanened, sur people or
med aos and monly cemented. Wht we
feed intead se pct of eran, hamany
sdshared happiness.

(One of the mast vider ie ing the
iy management wate, The wate ie
Sera one and environmental hal:
lenge andis ne of th mot symptomatic
mentsofagood mangement pubis
cele, diferen, wate dation ae
row undelspahe che des The emi
met caine, the municipal coffers alo
tac three engine and
nsuficeney to suport the cos afte land.
El Clin dose des edsingtheuse of
Pst moe stemientoconsmpicn, Thee
e several wap to due the proportion of
dire abo aking people to adopt
cangathing Mew. we fs onthe compo.
ne cn es real how this represents ne
the sing inks for the realizan ofthe
feed chan inthe cg. Wate can become à
rescue tis heeie important 10 remind
people owt us peels hetexsofa men.
reis ofaprunedtre cnbeccme nin.
ahablerscure forthe sitcoms.

‘has the compost hn under sap pays
nextel important ole, acting a ase
comer since comes va commonly
gh a wate (eles mate) into ra
terial (seh tesa these ae the res
Se by enhanced oa pope
ray change their eustoman andconssiate
say ofthinkingandconsquenty aig
Hence nowadays. vey ofen people And
‘heir dis sresfl inconvenient, net
practical and somehow tig. And yet, ask
Ingciinensto addin their houses acompot
ininotdetotansform their onan waste
(0% ofthe oral wate) int something
‘ful fortheisees, seems say os Bot
otto accept est ad ther volume
bn private space and pve anther thought
tothe owner fthe pase.

Bh, can we change this tude by making
the compsting a fun ty explting
ab pue?

ln 2009 the Volkgen company gave an
award 10 a group designers wh inverted
he worlds dept bi: To thew bin
‘he bin instead of ont the ao ahead re
ly beso hard Many peopl sil il to dos
‘These the winner presented fe the Pan
Theory Awatd comes. an interne sh
in which made sound the moment an >
Jevestrowninos Dutingthe experiment
Ina publ park rep that the bin
hend rg mor than the al 8e
‘ne they dit unto da The in Theo.
Sen that ang silencio
aay thang ree beac o eke So
Dav are ne pt rod a ro ci,
pavaogt amie

We sanenssunge nd simulate hisvinuous
ai in ping eens with an see
cally lso intra, an and apa
Fable comport bin habitant eter, ay
tte hihi ation nmakig publi
pcs aber pere presea ise
ds he fate th ls waste lt ine
tage can and destined th alle. The
‘hy diss, togabes wäh the ai of
fish and eignen, moy rezo beter space
with smart publ ame, sch as public
compo sculpts orpyme where pele et
‘ratvsingatthe smetie shee con.
nectedwiththecempost bin shakesthe ne
was pedinitandacelerteststanse:
tin ey Same concep maybe applied
lens playground equipment. Nado
‘he former examples being tte ina publi
{den Min ner e Ale suse,
Helping client tur wate nto the most
valuable Fier ofl for bei gardens or
Simply plan ves, means not only told
inthe and a es amount (and therefore
pay es) bot pracy giving suppon Er
Snactionwishavery higheduestional ale,
‘and moreover the bin elf becomes an op.
portunity o shares plant moment with
the pasangers. alone or with your children.
‘whom ate our fate and will determine the
one che plane.

Pret Coso Cae ee, afin and
pratealsersetetewaseone gr

Hem can pet more pepe mal corp
anefthirerpniewsne)

As was sd ber, in ander to ick this
goal we mus ip the problem, net wating
forthe ire imementien ox baying un-
pesant and expensive compost machines

tasting the inhabitants o crea
the usual proces of pony. providing their
hie wih nie interactive and seretonat
compos bins with a high level of sail,
‘hateonverchzensnto managers fast
part this va waste

The projet Comet, sine 208. à pe
iin Naples ly marked y the parar
one ofthe une omas popes ince
then, the relation of community comps
tentes in ander res ren
eas. publ or pate supported by the cre
re el of is and eigen Thee on
{sins te though tobe atte, wath their
sete form ast works fat and yet be
Snniguing3¢ an open abraten for under.
staningtheprcesescftranstormatonofthe
conga ater,

‘The compost mus be adil concern and
ot acommitient; withthe ily o arc
Andentiethe displ ofthe oran mater,
‘withthe exchange in terme of gift ins
feedings and seeds The natural elements
‘hat conte tothe transformation peces,
the water th su. th i the es he al,
the bacteria and ther miro organs, re
the tating point forthe design of new ad
al tue, bt mor than any ber
the conti of people. interms of move.
ment, testy and eae, which completely
"tants the compote in public gyms er
tie onset cones ridesforciten,
In ad once gan wil gen the cen
tlsystemofwate management makingthe
tien more and more edited amare and
elites

Other examples of tet urine an auto
mai plant suplir comport container that
works with the assumption oforganie waste:
Carol fr children with Integrated
‘mechanism fr grinding and blending pub-
Tie gyms connected to comport system:
multimedia educational point oran inte.
tive fiin ofthe compos contains,
‘Making inhabitants response in pat by
‘heir own, making them inceasingly more
cultured, concious cueste and sf auf.
Feist taking a chance onthe potential of
ven urban sess and dissed ones, ac
zig the inhabitants inthe conscious con
trol their tions al of hi to bling à
Veterano to se hare happiness.

Eten
2 Gabe co moment

TP

leat spaces of Cosenza tori centre and can

sy

Upgrading Urban Areas lecondionstolmprovtte qu

as Public Green gas to us “alsa
Promote People’s "Good ingcamimmeefügniuneieniehe wiskerdecdieiereitehen

Living” pete ely of ceri ion
A Cultural identity, urban green aras,

Caterina Gattuso,Pilomäne Gattuso

Architectures and historic entre

À pot aimed upgading atan pl

stor mola real fome eer Speer Sad ln sc ees soa

Introduction Tonotthhaldigssuncundngtiom They ake no

Inthe pun open paces and In por har fome

normes for pepita wit; andaechencheaceirdby emails. Daun, wich moy low rl

eee ae Mere nee nel Rae ou componen shoul be cat en
Ib ange formation and ets Innen el eoniering hem ar tor ft snes the may use en

Ser im, ing to man ad mor bete fapmenation ofthe uta hl suse wi human dies ad pco in
fon uch ga ave ben AR jem nd lo EE a nb

ndoed nd hie become anenpmaus Sudan West

sant not only the physical.
neously overtime daring pet, but alo the historical and environ

lg vt

places without identity and val, often ce- od han green aes orf
pied y vehicles ‘tte of common tre ah be pu
Recent anew focus on such ars has been in place by length val communi,

rowed wich slo doe tothe debt

This study ste an operational,
alsimedto enhance urban aca by creating induced to fequent them Such actions may
tion Ther imponame for gocdutanlvingis system relied tothe sumoundlng al alo stengthen the tie

tring mdcoreed anda ew clay aiming tecturesandontheuibancontet ofthe Rit. ringen

to enhance them inode to ente be conte The proposal efrstothe public sbandonment.

wellbeing or

city wich ere

Church of S. Agostino Santa Chlara Monastery Church of Santa Marla della Sanita

Church of S. Agostino

Th actions ft de and flr tiens

‘The ent of public pce strongly con
rested the architecture efning # ann
thelr tur, sch aletas compr dí
tingishing elements that make unique.
"enfe, ef to look fr conespen
ences between architecturesandubanspa
Sin onertoenublichreltonshipstha may
Ft in mutual enhancement. With his in
rin ew rerio be flowed evita
ine spaces were entiied They include he
introdtionof-yrenvelume”pnerstedby
‘he oral pates that could be esl ound
inthe decoration of the fade ofthe su
rendir buildings.
More specially the pret propose taliven
up spaces ty wing the floral par found
inte architectures nd transposing teen in
space by mean of flowerbeds or mall ren
rangement coming the same plats apd
flowers ientifiedin the ade
The projet methodological approach is
sd on an analytical procedure divided
1 Col menton ofthe Langue e

pred the

«pots shames and dcoaions

lait
2 Repnitenofthe lg pcs
Aowersthrh ants eye

Santa Chiara Monastery

Action e ping ements to grow
the eiii
6 Designoftheutan peng inerention.
Such precede allows coming ut unique
sndeiginalintewventions that will song
spi spaces enhancing them through en
Fable Sensory simul ike perfumes and
lous which wary depending onthe Se:
sons, visa taste and tale opportunities.

[the same time, act
enhanced thus favouring the ata
tours and nonsesidents

ures vil be lo
of

The case of Cosenza historic centre
Incrdertobeterexpsiathe method 3p
‘tonto Catena Kir cents roped
‘Asuiy examined cenainubiespaestsedas
"epics examples and characte by
the presence of igus bulldogs of which a
herhalten ws povided

In uno dicton the Church of Santa
ide Si teint sandeutinthe
ban bc du

the side of Vetete Hi an important ancient
few to the Beatin cio The bling.
ich scoring to sures, wat completed
in sa, fons omo square that leads othe
contrat and the bean fr neigh
Bourhood tal Bsn 176 Santa
Monster à et inthe Jewish Guster of

ho

‚Church ofS, Maria della Sanita

Caden the he ofthe tore cent,
It puente money boss the he mu.
seumandthe ch rag
forcultual events and exhibitions and area
cessed fom the sgunein font fhe Church,
“The Church ofSon Gaetano was bil in 165
ly the les Regula Tentes who avd
in Coser in 162, then Sld 1 the Cts
temiyof Our Lady of Suge. in 1795 ad
rise duel Besides the
o ande toy of Oat
ge the tesla het the Chucho

atte eras

Lays
San Fees di Pala Pals Amone and
the Church of Appsins ands the enue e

Coser mot popula i 1
The analysis ofthe styl fos and ofthe
drones ofsuc bulging showed that 1
val ptr were conta preset ad were
to be comidrd sei signs Aer en
fing the Bola! specs ofthe foes,
or their loss nes y mean ofthe ana
cal key a teanspostion allowed prog
Plating prof tat nad the cretion of
Beweis cot

been deed
Trisoprationenblestoenkancethedetty
clement

og the Species which had

ndinthe monuments andto

themin realy wthaview toembelisingthe
spe and making more leen ao in.

As à mater of ft the prince of ome,
pere and cols contrast ire
Rain stnepheesfvcuring meting and
Sing spaces from abandonment anne
‘that purpose willbe pee pe
pare a design scheme that may dee the
Furie esto che by ening pos
ile model of wisn pen space. Moreover
À should include ade grip, such a
a and ypiel sections wherethe ments
raider In th development ofthe ren
open should be indeed 3
nieder the comma mat
rising and auch ompaignsculdbe ceeds
et pese suggestions
‘trough union and debes ral, px
stv could be planned such a the
en cf ops ling produc fortis and
hard he enti symbol ound in
rmonumentsanderhoedinthe publi pe

Conclusions
Property nah an uiban pue allows
raping à parts demi which ex
Premed is history ad bythe,
Sorcunding le The interpretation of the
Components enables to deve sigs waft

ert oia dle that maes
‘her hope and insert epi Actions
favouring reception should be card ot
in order o demie no

iy of spaces through

Auhermem, weildegned ban seat
where rene can indie ple nlp eit
tete summer temperstne thanks tothe
Ising fie ofthe vegeta, and cre
‘he ie conc fr people stop Hence,

metiers nt

Life in between building:
Soft places in the
threshold between public

and private domain
Francesca Gnise

San i therefore surprise us that in com
ing to terms with imaginan man shuld
hime encounerd the shld? The discovey
of childhood is a clear sigo tht the scent
is fig kom man 1 e, fom maton to
imagination. Seen in such perspective this
double dicover indeed wandert signif
uneven fasting option mean hat
‘hilton ase pad being srkoomladgedas
‘hile: and childhood a fall edged orm
of if. an mega pan of ciety. physically
indipentahe and pal ping Bat

what es this imply. apa fi
round in imagination? Suey there
tty oferty onthe scene everyday
ie."

Today another frm of open spaces ae non
pu h we Let cur happiness As
Mase Auge aid non pes ae e real me
sore of our ine’ be refer Lo apart and
rlleay sico. lle pu, lage ct
‘ales and Say te complex kin ble
nd wiles networks forthe purpose
communications perllrtha ofen pas

the individual in coma any with another
image of himself. In the concrete reality of
todiys wood plces and spaces pes and
on places intertwine together 6 how we
an cer our pasion in Bing apar of
community? We ned ore burn reins
and moe space fr human rl. Feb
Ay we have to transform non places into
Place or elton, bt thi hanging ned
3 edvelopment of publ and semi pubic
Spe, Today there one Lage continous
‘ouside Tis Big space her ae backs. a
ranged well rot anditis temp
‘hat we more around? We have o cree
an encosed ban space in this emptiness!
et only plc where things stand but one
ee hi eat home hihi
amant thebig on playgrounds
Place inwbich everyone coule happy.

Since CIAME 5. Gidion ius the new
ane of architecture 8 à part human
ing proces which he caves taking pace
in al the counties of Wester iio.
and which he dsr the return tothe
Fuman esl andthe asen fthe igh of
‘he individual ove the ray of mechan
clics isa insight hates inclosely
withthe rich int the termal eter”
he wos engaged in a the ime. serch for
‘he orginal archetypes fr the prima, pe
sori forms hat be sw simultaneo
reemerging inthe a ofthe contemporary
‘ran guide| Bikenadiewatenton ating
TAME with an inspired sutement in which
Be deserts the com’ concep inte fre
Leon Archer open space on which tw
used the aero .promped by A and
Smithson, the street andthe resp
they conceived the set athe fist level of
publi scion afer the prat sper of
‘he home and hy simultaneas conceived
‘he street asa mesg place andra space.
Re must not bes mer comidrbut a place in
on right with which the inhabitants
can dci themselves à place that gives
the ling that you ate some ving
Semestre. The tre capable of dig o
HF ds ts own ei acter important
chantre regards esblyt provides
{hi connections between one plas and a
ter. In his wings A. Van Bj by
investigating how lations con take spe,
he coneies ofa lation aan inter
plc where ferent things can meet and
fos À Van Bok slay the apporta £2

‘esi hit Elle in the ating vai of
Urban archetypes it ans o esublih ban
coherence through a actual simil of
pat and whole sll and Lago the plan
for Amserdam designed in 1935 by C. Van
Eure, À Van Bok made a ml, flag on
to design no fewer than 73 playgiounds or
the ci. Despite the modes oftheir scale
nd abe. the plygrounds were mo if
ean 5 trough hese plygrounds tht
A Van ys search fra manic alter:
tivetoCIAM Modernism ittookshape. Te
small eset dedicado he veraz
if were woven int he negeted hoes o
ba far, formes subes of land o-
td on diferen kind of Lx made cu of
psonventona,unsophisizted: metals
foundelesetothe sit

In A Van Eyes writings and in hs ply
ground for Amsterdam, the child is above
A a human condon and the playground
eat the buldog, ner the sue, lose to
the house ut open 1 they the pace
for social lien, 8 one posible pice for
appies. So afer the end af the Second
‘World War the nation of publ space mans.
toentishitsdrifgeingutilitsenteme. until
the sphere of private domain skimming over
and outing the threshold bere pate
‘nd publi real, Whats rein ear
‘the inteduction of public space inside the
using ce what sew ia thi type
of pull space nowadays hs dite,
hist Healy that pares the way br.
Scontempazay syle of tiling and ving.
‘The traditional typology of loved Hack ere
ses act division Between public and pi
vespa bar theemerpngtension between
Indiviuly ofthe homes andthe clive
ofthe ouside world ends this new open
space an ambiguus character and ao opens
pe Block Faramsunt here isthe arches
toral action of the tranion between
publ and private This open space is anew
Phenomensn within the western talon
dental ick in several ways in ft
es diferent in ie, shape and achetun
expresa Morove ts new interns fly:
Cut and use would sem thatthe elation
teeweenthe public andthe private demini
hanging Fly the new open space implies
fundamental changes in hosing conditions
whole nthe relation between the home,
‘ns srrndings and the iy M de Sos Mo.
vals decos how th importance of unk

foxmpublispaceithinthe modem cy hat
lesen in four of diferentision of this
Space the weith of acy isha of col.
tive pes, fall the places where dy ie
¡eeson Poren in sy7owe know by Lee.
the that baby robes from network,
Boundurie and diferences, nowadays we
lso cat asotedgeinwhich s posible
to Bndthe fine grade nb onthe
Border line of oon and pate space
forthe simplerenon th the ces obama
deermines whether’ posible how we an
Stay near tothe Bulls. Foran instance,
the concept emipubli’ has à peedeser
in Dutch hosing tation in the typology
ofthe canal house hype balding has a
called font hous or et oon, font
door opening tight ont the suet and a
vate doomtep ate the architectural ele
‘ent ofthe interchange between the home
nd the begining athe 20 cen
tury abo asa teu ofthe inf ofthe com
Inge automate he quality ofthe street,
hs place ls been deteriorated consider
And Le Corbusier desibed a dramatic por
tra hy te inthe ario La ie, sping
that the sun ia ato comido However
tthe beginning ofthe 20% cent in Dusch
on design practice the set ws lav,
inch Brag ibn design was aso
the perimeter block andsbe set. Absa hat
es import to sy that the Second World
War dir destroy the modern cy the city
designed by the rls of the Athen’ Carer
(1933) ben ek So the constuction has
hs pew probe and that time the
hits had net theoretical Instruments o
seen

‘And Smithson during theCTAMcongress
of 2953 exprese thelr ue to cs over
then Chan nthioceasonthey showed
the pers by N Henderson regarding the
strc, and the relation been the set
nd the howe A renewed awatenes ofthe
iimponance of good publie space during the
turban renewal ofthe 19705 ed othe expe
ments the pubicorcllecivespcesin
the whan enpasion diri ofthat era the
same age orexperimentaton esutedinhe
‘new typolgy of residen etape The
19808 mart turing point in srhtectre
sod in paca in Roig the etch for
‘ew titty alo edo fous the atento
conthethemecf public spaeinelationtothe
‘compatiioncthe fade

Sothe new open space canbe een aan am
vero the demand for cine del:
ings Clldigspesons) andthe serch or
rewurban envionment,

‘What's interesting e he them of he rl
ion between the home and the set, co
led with the problem of density inthe cy.
‘hats inherent to this dicton on pulls
space The ati ofthe bling and.
in pac the elton between the Sm.
fll andempy spe pees entity this
space oftansition About thatthe cout mod
cale onde sth tatin point or
the changing rules in the Bock conception.
Is shape dimensions and lay determine
‘he chanter of the coord. The spatial
configuration ofthe place btwcenthe tree
Andre courtyard ofthe lite dute
Aion deerminesthetype fes
it become par fthe semoule.
paces and to have Saince fr the city
‘ta whole. This condition is cc erden
swhenthe coutyand tthe het ding
‘he rein tin tit stp the coud
hassignconce forthe utan space The po
achat and theft that le
to become à plc in its own sense depends
on determining factors ste ae, the pro
postions the yout ofthe couryard the en
‘tance andthearchietualexpesin the
connected bling.

‘The else tock ls a case urban element
‘hat quickly fl fom fur ter the Second
World Wor especial inthe Netherlands:
Inthe ely 1990 new lis appre that
‘conjuredupechoet atthe pastwiththe der
ence that thse hs ae puy cesse.
By gong or Hacks mi a internal space
cese to the pedestrians is possible 10
pt the rito ft ua gd hat
represents varient ofthe gi le On the
her hand the ste dimensions do py
4 cleat Mersch nt only echoed by the
Fai br alo by sightines The our
ya hs o autonomous meaning fom sie
and agade ar are determined bung
lines hasteen conceived sa ink between
‘th pale nthe pirate domains that are
y separate in thetemaced house Ian
inertie dirt ways pat
the interior ofthe dicen home or pe
cia feta che publi space In he mer
‘he counysrdis por ofanentranceequense,
nd an autonomous neral space with
iowa dei The our digits

‘self fom adhoent buildings though an
individual identity or image which drive.
snl omis architecture dnthistyplegy
the design ofthe ranstona zone both ne
side andeusideofthedweling becomes
integral par of the poet. The Netherlands
as à ich Mio of communal housing and
thecommunal space has always copied
Important le in ides bout le se the
chy ta what intresting inthesontempo-
{ary interpretation ofthe coutar ls that
the communal spe ls mere autonomous
snd functions a à butler between the pub-
Ie and private, The new cour ives ie
to anew hier elatonship between
dwelling an ey so the continous urban
space construed oftlecks oftenaced hous
ing welcomes an achitestsal ele between.
‘hot ofthe ck andthe individual welling
Messe some courtyard ae unquesion
y par of he continuous publ space of
hei Sothe ban ving aes pace inthe
collective inten.

‘The plan for Amsterdam designed in 2935
ty Van Bsern fee et of flection in
this sense, with 3 aque shaped Bock and
side about soom lng. Whats interesting
Sethe deformations ofthe rd rules gaint
‘monotony that made the modern city acy
of allenation and ofthe lose of the places
Sent. The western vation hs aya
imposed à ue ofthe ri with onhagenal
sole chartern by s monotony. ls b-
solute absence of variations, et think o
the romand canal others the
Benasence, the plas fe Enlighine-
rent: nowadays ths rigidy cles pat
Ini The bigest misconception regar.
Ing the rd seems must nip
Teadtomonctony anda effects repre
see. The pid works with extremely simple
Principles. almitedy sts down the over
les bat althe more exible when e
Comes othe dtaling ofeach st. The +
‘tonal closed block ofthe western le
tion imposed the sit separation between
the see and the enclosed open spaces
ese the Bldgs the modern berg as
brought the freedom ofthe bling espec
tthe lsckshap, othe blogs ef their.
diet relation with the ret nova,
probaly tens the wget nk the bl
Ings tothe street bat alo 10 gie posible
interpretaron of the Block form by the a
chtectualatiulton ofthe buildings fee

‘rom the iri imposed by the pid
Sri Finke with the notion of sei pub
lis spce isthe concept of the nt defines
turban elements not nly onthe bass ofthe
individual characteristics viewed within a
closed tem, tat simuhansaushy a
the position of the cation relive to he
elements within à ages suture Sa eh
ofthis space i considered spat of ager
{ban system and chat implies anew under
standing of lea and “ona, Centrality
becomes relive concept because ental
‘es and peripheries move dynamically with
fn the net and lo center and edges ofthe
space ae cominual envented The theme
ofthe et ao a design problem because it
Ämpleschehemeofanewubanıybassden
here patterns. Two complementary char
serie ofthe net ate: Fil ce.
ity, which describes the accsiliy ofthe
And components or element ofthe
networks the second poi is "nee
which expresses the ably ofthe net ink
‘Gp the individ lement ofthe tem. In
daban cultural landscape ofthe Cen
tral European metropolitan are the act:
ofthe asemblage and the cotet becomes
an imponant constate element ot new
Urbanity defined mainly by puters. So,
‘athe than the physical fer the morpho
copy othe net isthe demifcaion fuses
hat lee anew aangement Ar h ch
aigus or lement ofthe net inthe cy
eme at onnitestelfasa network
potentially defines acntaltyInthesstem.
Which can be a producer offset he
Teves ofthe Birth. The quality of the
location ea alto be evalted ln bio o
‘he postion respect the ther clement che
set Sointhenetthe concepts al and
‘rack gun another meaning

‘They dot hive the foram assumed.
der but coma cire new defi
fiom the demand for ace and son
nach mentioned above. So relevant =
tore ofthe flow ha is coming evermore
Important fr the shape of cur modern-day
van tens can only be eamprehended
and evaluated inthe topologial investiga
tion ofthe comes of the networking, But
ot inthe indivi elements ofthe et
As well ss wide scale planning approches.
projects on smaller scale can be important
alts for fue development of the ur
ane lndieape

So the concept ‘bl’ and raté may be
en and understood in relie terms a à
Series of spatial quals which. diri
gradual, fer to acess, responsibil:
ieandsoon

‘Th tres provides he Ley tothe tan
tion and connection between ares with di
een ins and aaplice ints
en righ, conste eerily the spa
condition fr the dilogu between seas
of ent orders the daly between the
street and the private domain exists thanks
to the spatial qual ofthe threshold a à
place where two world oerap Iterpr
Ing the thteshold as an intere means.
‘conceiing the kindof provision that gives
tse ta certain aicultion of he bling
which regule space without its fection
Being ea demonstrabe. The value ofthis
concep mest explicit inthe theskeld
a xl: theextance to home the
houses ate private domains then streets
the public domain Paying equal attention to
Being and sre lke ean tenting the
street not merely atthe resis space be
een outing blocks, ut thera anda:
mental complementary clement, spill
rgnizd. Probably th value ofa set i
mt fist ints dimensions and proportions
at ls in the way e uncon within the
casual

Au the stem of publ spaces in the
iy A. Van Bye rfercd tothe concept of
poljentic eso something non heath
El and above al neverending extensible in
resin tothe growth ofthe blocks, of the
ing The wok of. Von Essen atthe
Deparment of ube Werks of Amsterdam
ley expresses the urge of a rasch on
‘he ty by means of this new ideal, Whats
re thatthe bisck not only considered
Saconsttutireun ofth uibanconnestive
‘gue bt alo aunt in the sense ofthe pa:
fl visa and formal vals. The openness
Is by the sail pot of view the possible
‘contamination between inside and uti,
frome and bark private and publ A. Van
Byk himself wrctethat open closed.
and llw space toener_opennes prceds
very spaceaticultng activity. thus open
rest tendered measurable once prop.
cy second by means of architecture

Far rm doubts the comaminstion between
inside and outside by means ofthe atic
Leon of the enclosed space shaped by the

ling generates an amigos plc that
Is surely something collective in which the
‘alu of being reptesenatve becomes in
portant, So what in che won Blok
remals hidden In the open block becomes
y visible. Inthe Netherland eres à
renewal ofthe tational urban Beck hat
work above al on ew interesting themes
hat expres pomelo sen for the
reltisship between architecture and cy
the overall composition of the fea, the
icli of the enclosed open space. IF
‘the atonal Hock the consti unit
fie connecte urban tue the even
cfthe bein an ope one is not only that
at ako the constitutive unt of the ibn
pce intheciyespe

hope] averses few things tha dir
litle om what you bear so often

1. Thechld the cy andthe
ani by Alo ck

à Ron bye Ae

3 Thee hy ante
ada

à Adern cheat the yodo
chonniatonststsie

$ Tesla ante
cir alan

Public Space as Landscape
Experience of Happiness:
A Surprise Public Garden
amidst Water and Large
Blocks of Woodland

Juli Georg, Chito Constantinides,
‘Anna-Maria Visita

Public Space as Landscape Experience
of Happiness

‘ban publi space seta phenomenon of
he emy ist century ignated with
the public park of the midinetenth
century which were a considerable par of
the urban frie (Chadwick, 100) Uikan
Parks and open paces aways represented à
significant resource incites and were con
‘ered asthe best means to promote the
Iaith longevity and comfort of thei in
rabiar The belefhat publ gen spas.
ver inherently Benfica to the hal
‘of people aos fom a theory evolved by
doctor in the lt eighteenth century the
Scaled theoyofmiasma The then held
‘hot al dase wat dut ad ar and fos
teredthe ele that access to fresh irc
reduce the incidence of disease Open geen
spces,consequety. were looked upon
erally as the hangs ofthe cy. providing
physical he and mental welbeing. The
muet ofthis theory hasbeen fr eacing
and aesucceededinesablishing concern
forthe design and Layout of urban prem
ass a5 an important restorative envios
sent event he present day proving that
the man/nateslationship fan ancient
conelation that has always been seal
to human existence (Crmonset a 2003,
Rosen each dis find strong crcl
tion between aces to urban ren publi
spaces, pu, pleas, or even pocket parks
Anderes levels physical health men
tal well being and happiness, Landscape
Space has ery tal impact on how we el
The mst sing Finding of such Sade is
the ct ha happiness is mote tony cor
related to geen spe than socheconomie
star Al, pryshologits ae experiment
ing with new ese dust the way
Landscape and sees tet our decos,
emotional responses and the way we fe
shout es

TP

vdveleoning

negre
research and design de
eating hey Habe

[i tem oth tn rc tht cha on cnt od oe end gen ah

aston is lose 1 a contemp

I res the many mod and coke ofthe
shy. ands sure sperm and tered
Y he mue asc apeelements ad ms.
The proposed age Becks ofwodland bring
immens vale tothe overall hem, nad
ing from environmental Benet and pel
Falo be mor ble components fell
ir e aces lvls and hppine ban
wondand may contre tothe dt.
ane spaces hat people want inkl and
‘he kin fees that resents cant help bat
feleonnstedtoonelandscape aches ad
andere thon maire int
men

The seis of garden plates and lage
cksofwoodlindtecome arf body
space ling and fe. viemed eyondihe od
nay was ofseing”andcape and tached,
demie the walling experñenc, a pei
ratico Inigronectveguon wasdand
stone, utopan projet that may be a lesen
ferthecontemporay pro fan
design Color and eres cet bubble ot
happiness tut o since and wonder a
sy pora wher ven le beto
Teen the grip of he ordinary. regain fh
inte human species and capable and
rediscover the mua ways o connect with
Future and at cur own human su,
Such abus tinsel lod toner qua
is capable o genet erchartment magi
and wenden. Prsphaing Oscar Niemeyer
‘ements out be meaning of rhitctt
e can nue that Ldap achkehue à
‘Sout supe and the resin ofsentinal
places tha fer the git of happine to all
Human being Omen 200) Lndape
Archiecun I bet efetingon mars exe
tence one hrugh gate intention on
hand offer ordinary people theme
Sin cfrewnes asen fight and pls,
4 bosdesand between ray and fray o
ape heros ofthe dem weld and
reconnect humanity wih are THE iw
Tanscae achnetscanda nothing mee,

References

SRE ca

+ Simona Ma PEN 1.0.1. Tene 8.2003,
le plas Den pas Achte Pre
Extra

+ Shadi ©2196. Te Pak and de Tm,
testo tendon

+ Be Bonen: A sol. Te arte of May

+ aio Oe Perey hana es Wie
Singen

+ Mimet 0:1600 us oie Te Meas
LOT Remar den en eden d

+ Spe Me ors, man and fae ne Gta
Anns lay Red none

+ Whiten Spr 2009 Langue lante
A tara ces

of places indicating
time quality and urban
happiness

Barbara Goliénik Mars, Dajan
Morus

Introduction
‘The paper ars behavcur mapping a a
math and tol fr anal ungeopatal
‘ebtionshps and as sucha mentir
and mesure happiness of ples I plies
‘hem no frame of ine ali animent
approach developed a concept of mas
ing uly of Ing environment (Mans
and Goll ik Mau on) Thu provides
conceptual and prt! aer which
Sins to ars Ives af pes quie de
cy ad desees wih simple ya
mesures who ing our rales
Shdwhichreflecton atl ving ston 3¢
muchos posi
Invelationtoushanhappnes tht time gal
lity sement approach, aking into ecu
pice chartes quay fice or cer
{sin se (vy) and crain war (prof) ia
sly of quay ft pen for that ati
yin a pure spacer sequences of spaces
inet achive welling espe vi opt
möbnoteonsumptlon chim opinion
fees and edison ofsoms Hs basedon
temporal evasion of places and sale o
ses ectwenen of haman enironment
foe vin The mative i how to comet al
‘ie in cei ra el peopl mal economic
frames aswell talents ce
spol, and set up atime place cited
approach According to Mandi and Gl nik
Mans (ot) the nl measure ft qua
fay tement ie uty content KT,
wich based on previous aan fine
lues sono balance and tmeqaliy
balnee proides a spaalscioescnomic
tickpeund andshows whether segment of
populsionercenai yperof seen ein
era and how eemfrbk.

Time balances acaegrywblehi place nd
sie dependent Le. pole to ke cb
Listed when having defined a rofl andthe
longing space. It shows how comerte
the times feed othe user by hier li

Ing environment.

Ezonomic balance ls category which ep.
resents subjects incomes and expenses fr
necessary and optional activities. repre
sets a financial fame within which the
Sue i xl 1 be ble o perform ts
tt in a cenaln environment, Time
(quality balance isthe Anal measure of
ua provided withthe propoted mode.
Bed on pial characteris taking ato
scout the charter ofthe activity and
name station ofthe subject involved
in the stv it clas time spent re
gering the ste a such as well a the
Environment inhibe activity taking
pace aswel ortady spent tie.

Such approach elciéts backgrounds of
ses expectations and afanes a well
Ss experiences in places i dally fou
tines) as such I elation to that a general
standpoint of this paper i that quality of
Bing o any society gis with the qual
in living fr individual Therefore one
rust bear In mind that any intervention
in the environment mus see ls wer)
weil This slo means that when aiming
for some changes or (nee) development
which should sit ts fate wer wel it
ces o know thee we their habits,
expectations and most ofall the abilities
“eve wellbeing and consume the offer
‘ofthe resthy lve in lA practi nd
‘seul tool or dec or indes colestng
of some of uch at is behaviour mapping
(Gol ik Mara 2021 Go nik Mansi

spd Man ons)

Value of behaviour map for
interpretation and measurement of
urban happiness

Behavcuralmapisaproduct fcbierestion
and too for place analysis and design ot
‘he seine. It ws developed by elon
al (970) ecordehavour a cœur
in a designed sting. According, spat
features and behaviour ace tbn linked in
both time and space. There ate some fun
damental conditions which ned tobe met
before an neording of behavior ean an
eis necessary to obtain an accurate scale
rap ofthe avs tobe obemed, to ele
cine the pes of stein and dealt
shout Behaviours tobe observed to hed
‘le specif times and thee repetitions for
cbreration and to provide a system ofr
‘cording coding counting and analysing. >

rater whether low: orhighsech recording
sppreach s taken. Such behavioural maps
record peoples behaviour inal spt st
tings and, by tht talk the language ofr
sein design manner They offer gest
Potential epresent behavioural patterns
Se visual dita and ese at toward the
seconiliicn between design and esearch
inthe Beldof planning and place design. On
the bass fome actual behaviour nape e.
coded in two European cites (Edinburgh,
Luba) che paper shows how exiting
Peharicur maps canbeusedtovalustethe
quality o existing environments as well
the quai of environments 1 be deve
opedin desired way andy this represents
base fo interpretation and measurement
fusta happiness. Thee value for inter,
pretation and messurement ofurban app
mess ls especially in their billy to show
how simulations of wes can be arranged
for checking the quality of proposal us
ing principles and characteris of usage
‘psa elton lest rom preso
observed paces.

Toshow value fbehariour maps at 3 toot
which can provide indicators for measuring
tartan happiness, their powerin airesing
soil and the sara capacity of paces
the paper discuss behaviural maps as
serps ofthe actual uses mapped in ple
x using repeated observation a diferent
days, times and weather conditions. Such
value ofbehavioural maps represented in
empires nom edge about dimension and
sta requirements, especially for some
nat active use, such as ball panes
in park and skateboarding in squares, and
ow long ty pate uses uch sting,
right celte them, 3 wll how tm
‘itor atve relate fo bot longs en
agement In addition iur how
Some sais can be contigusun while
Some ethers require buffer ones betwee
them for effective use. On this base he po
per examine behaviour maps scheciliss
for qual places.

Bepested behavisualobsewation resulted
in Some common poems of oscupunies
that appear tobe comelated with panico
ar spa layouts and deals Behavioral
maps salas show actual dimensions of
che environments for one or mom
‘ies and show how design gidane an be
red bated onthe particles ofthe

cae study tes and is, Her ie the po:
tential fo using information derived fom
Behaviour maps analyse for assessment
and evaluation of quali of places, and by
‘his sessing and intrpreting urban hap-

Spal quate of seins and thar cova
tas topasivewiage

Any of diferent parks shows that acer
thin atl defi such 33 comer or 3
ath with diferent degrees of transparency
fe not the ultimate chs to sul ou
ancy per se. Group oftes some promi-
ent single res or any her objets can.
ply aeravial role, What mater asp
Attcution anda placement of uses in à
place relying on a certain distance om lt
eis elected example in occupancies.
distance least metes ay fom teas
patent edges such 3 tee Ines an pa
says ofthe patches, predominamy with
ut tes, congegations righ up spas à
solid edge, whether a step slope or bank
andinthe ares of male groupsoftresot
follies. The result alo show that even
the Im path e huge not anos
Jato unless any temporary aniulaton is
viable uses such ating ing down
ae es key to occur See igue 14 show
ing empirical evidence represented on the
sembly behavioural maps fr Tob, Lu
‘jana Princes Steet Gardens, Edinburgh
and the Meadows, Edinburgh (Gol nik.
2005) Geli nik (205) has als fund tat
he sie and the shape of awn in pak re
net pate crucial any pase ce.
pane bat hey can be of rier Impor.
tance for informal ball games, especially
playing octal

When marie take na art and ake
nw ai ty ing eve th
regnitoton

The importance of spatial anieulaion se
vel. especially in places where there are
net very many feat elements of past
definition tht sot only physical spatial
“efinions that might diet uses nacenain.
Spalcecupany bat ao that the presence
father to sceraindegien en prior
this fonetion as well Manly ger gsoupeof
tive pips canal places ná,
Jn doings. create oom for themselves and
foxothes (ee Figure 13.

Cmte nna fer zo and ris
sis bawenszeamishapefapatch
Analysis of the puss showed (Gol nik
and Ward Thompson, 210) that spatial a
Sue he elu o pail eceupaney
Actes, especial those Significa for
tre group games, form patterns buffered
ty vols, in several que retable ways
There se to sigan types of butler
ones tht diferent active, Tongoy west
teed the buffer between an ede, whether
fel or rompan, and ative users CO
informal fatally and bers between à
numberof ajacent active groups cecupying
ire entre Ge gue let,

acs cara by ngs ates bask
entr pon ada pao
Toile he festeype(hebufrterween
an ede, whether solid cr transparentar
tire wen), compet groups of informal
fetal payers ar key to require a de
tance oft est am om a inner transp.
cnt edge ich a rein path Aci
forming lotr and rales groupe such à
scupleatfibe player re elytocccupy
Space closer to a nner ee. eg les
dm som a at forthe second type (les
vee a number ofajaen active groups
cecupyng diferent tente) the min
um ‘common open area between activity
spaces quite dico deine precie in
terms of suce ae, since the activites
taking pice depend onthe size. shape and
edge gules of green patch However an
‘Strat form which can dec the mint
um aii butler space commonly ned
den group of sti ice of
om ras (Se Figure 1 igh),

fete ones har sucre and de
Adding spatial characteris of places
hrs and y recto fom that
nthe conducivenesafplaestocceupany.
this example of Brito Square, Edinburgh.
Shows haracerain aniculaon of place as
‘multe suert be there and seit
fortheirpastine. However certain nic
‘ition inl did nt ensure optimal ue.
‘The sie shape and veel arcas of
‘he sable spe were of key importance.
For one ofthe ual kstebosrders tons,
hich consists of approaching an elested
Spal element ch a step, in de o

jump on slide along andthenjump off,
the necessary al length of step required
needs tobe at Teast sm The adjacent ae
beforesuchastepshouldallow askteboor-
ete approach t along curve of accua
Tin oft last somindiameter ando under
takeviruallyajump prepantionjourneyon
fat sm Ths plat at est gm
wide, atached toa long step would allow
sucha minima amp preparan journey
(Gee figure Diet

When addressing usagespatat elton:
‘hips in more details spatial configuration.
of places becomes important. The examined
se ho that steps which merg no Hat
platform ar essential elements ha tract
Satebotders but the merged, Aa ae is
cil o enable thei ul ue, Pia
traces of actual active, represented as
phil information onthe map ehe
the inner structure athe elective space e
‘ect bility andinthisway address sp
tl capacity Eglpmen su as bes and
some other ge sroctures, which skate
boarders Brought to he stage, evokes tent
environment (See igre DE)

Farther anal Shows that the gure Bas
‘ot any tenchesbutpatsiationinsitingis
remake. Composantes areata
tivassiting places aswell Thisexamiaton
showed als that ster and border
‘ctu eco environments do no ener
Zap. Sites are searching for sheeid, back
covered lesexpsed res, and pices with
tow ofelher arce Liege o actos.
[Although the intensities in pasion at
Trio Square, Edinburgh in any longstay
ossupaney on cold windy adondy ser.
con (int map in Figure +) in compaion
toawarm.sunny weekend fernoon(econd
map in Figue 1) is ower bath maps show
similar Behavioural pater of occupa.
People siting were monty occupying the up.
per sep in the pts where broad planting
beds enclose he square, The dtibtion of
vsesrecndedon le enlyaternaon during
‘theweek (third mspinFigue 1 whenthere
wee no skateboarders around and people
ting there could have cue ay aque
Inch ofthe sine, shows a ima pot
temofpashe occupancy withthecther days
(One may peut at iting angen
crnedge ws not erden atheskenebosdets
permanentes mig

Places dally routine
The examples above show that spatially
speaking. optimal seings for siting and
staebouding ar diferent and that Bio
Square saccesfaly serves bth activites
st the sam tne, They slo show diferent
Concerns adrsingtime secs of ocupan
le. condi to à me ocupan, rn
Say stn re mor common to occ
‘onweekdysthan dung the weekend Time
inc end for diferent times of
‘the dy eet that atv Lg ates
such as rollers and eto are
‘oul parce in on an afternoon, >
ater what the weatecwheseasthey might
tot be sen ei in the day The common
{tof beton and beni mapping
Shows up aban tte way of searching or
empirical knowledge bout time usage spa
tl eleinship II a comprehensiwe way
felting the evidence boa ‘whe, ow
when for hw Tag and wha going nin
place Moreover, mapped physical dimen-
ion of esther temporal appearance are
seen apte which cnrs
the din of pices and ou become away
cof negetiting landscape fos andas inst
mento manage aly rines of pices
Moreover. respecting the fame of ime qual
li asessment approach the sole o bear
four maps in relation to urban happiness
gees Beyond aalsing merely peoples en
sement in open spares The fous on the
“bet pends onthe viewpoint chosen nd
theses peer When paying stentlonto
india onthe suet thencommaste re
in foes andthe suet presents thee phys:
cal environment or comer. On the other
hand when the et cum srl
sole commutes sin ous, ts urund.
ing becomes recogised she conte ofthe
studied phenomena

aide sliding over diferent sales and by
this accreting the focus onthe sj
to be cbsewed ls ls posible to dass
how behavourl maps oe vel ocean
Sea can hep Interpret Behaviour fsub-
ject kom ancher elated per Forexample,
behaviour pate in unes as discussed
efor, can help to interpret Healy of
(cal) tunes in the Stet ae of
the suse Simla, the lives yn
map fsuch business lo one of the be
avis ofhe quae. cf pen fp
lowed shape dt

Suchmappingcanbeappicableonthescale
cfablock aqua orevenanentieciy or
Sowa, Via such behavioural mapping tis
possible to address the capacity of paces by
documenting imetbles of working hours
Frequencies of peak cocuparcis, and the
Tike, for both. spontaneous or programed
‘es. Combination o diferen obsereaions
in dierent sales and sources (og pat
terns people shyt fatness
esse and services ete) can lead to 32am
prehensive simulation of a place and thus
address urban hapines 2 thoroughly
Ss posible Bren more, to information
‘that influences behaviour ofa cera place
isnot always directly visible, Nonapail
du which backgrounds à cenaln place
Such as money Haws behind the business
ina place, can be mappedand therfore
soil expressed, However uch stat
espion of places reflect some physial
characterises of paces which can be ex
pesed or messured by Behavioural mops.
‘The plot that the Behavioural mapping
approach enables us to visual primary
onsptil da (eg. dead parameters
cf users in places economic efficiency. fre.
(quency ofcalural vent ete) omthe mapa
Sndcan refers lsoontime quality dime
Sion places

Behavcural maps a srg of behaviour
any studied spatial phenomena ate espe
lly effective within the GS environment
‘it tol which can convey data sete:
fenced diet scales and enables gan
ston of dts it viso and aly.
sis. These characters of GIS place ta
1 highly valuable source and environment
for spatial simulations and therefore aso
tool or measuring eects ofurban change,
inching urban happiness.

Urban happiness indicators
The paper concludes with speculation
shout possible indias of urban hap
essin public spaces ested time usage
Spal eltonships and suggests thee ey
Apec fiche environments quality of
time spent and baton of uses.

fete mira
Seferingto tb above examples from chap.
ter examiningthe effective environments
for slateboaeding in more deal it has
shown tar it consis omo adacent sp.

sth event pace’ andthe vuppementary
Space: The eve space Ihe actual space
through which the activity is installed in
the place I represents a poston which a
person of a group of people engaged in à
particular aetivy cup in a place. The
supplementary space isthe avaiable spice
stand tothis person ora group of people
which stall enables the complete st.
lity to happen fll. As the event space is
nec fr that city tobe nte into
the poe its supplementary space ade
es ls sic saying In 3 place Both
Spaces together form the effective pac of
An activity The same is tue about spaces
for playing fsb! and spaces for siting.
There important to understand the
spatial aniculation a a necessary but not
scent condition or some kings of us,
In ts respect the examination of pcs
through the diria and physical di
mersicns of behavioural patterns in them,
asbl a discusion about what thee
fective environment ate and how imply
their importance and relevance to design
patie

Quatyftinespent
‘This indieer uses time as the universal
expression and mesure of quality of i
ing. elects the assumption that quality
cftime spent indicates quality of living en
ronments and that quality af time spent
depends on that what a person can afar
“nda à common denominato fr eva
ton of quality of living environment
de a messue of good/bad time (Martie
and Gelitnik Mar one} According to
Marui and Golitnik Manat (2014) there
à no absolute messre of qual fling
space. Quality o one space may be defined
in sean to ancther known or defined
qualit: Parameters of quality depend on
purpose of space (tan amenities) and!
espace se Something ha s impor
tant fr one user may nt be as important
or ancthr or may not apply other user
st ll Ders time spent in certain space is
‘uated s good (he bes) bad (the worst.
tr something in between. Accordingly. ste
sion with time iy wasted with sale
fiom soos sation (complete isa
Aston) to +2008 sarita (complete
iron), whee 0% station would
mean that wer indferen to time srt

Gncetsinspce.Inguchvalation pose
ly signed percentge ofsatishetion strane
formed ino good time: negatively signed
percentage int bad time: the rss indi
{erent time in certain environment,

cohabit purs
This indiatr represents a combination of
both previous indestory and ven to co-
rabia of uses, addessing also inc
Sirenen, rom cultural, inclusive o
pare people o compatibility of and uses
Sapin and defining ty i

In this respect happy cities ae cites with
minimum time wate for thei uses, They
present places where resides and other
‘ers ate able to qualitatively spend their
tine, Pathemnore such ies mus enable
as brad spectrum of uses as possible eg
Considering people ag. sc renom se
‘tons thai group Impaled people t=)
tofillyfuliltbeir needs andexpecttions

Sole ns) Pe pla cs
Son pica om mal ba pal Y
cg atracan TO
ieee o Caley of Ao Ge Wat
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SE and Wr Thanpion € (201)
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md me or

All just for fun nothing for
fun. A bridge contest in
Piazza Maggiore, Bologna
Luca Gurdigl Stefano Labor
Laca Venturi

Happiness from playing games in
public spaces

He ogee thatthe opinion ofthe people
fundamental in evo the quali of wr
an dein. we mus accept the ds that the
judgement comes fom personal sensory
experien, nt always Bitered by a soph
‘Sted thie ute, Neveteles the
pPeeesperencectthepeopleisfundanental
ingivingsucessia publ spa A ces
fulspuce à place where people are haay
nat leat comfertbleto ge wih the aim of
ng some ations st specie times and days.
‘The senor experience elec ther opinion
ofthe ple

Inthe Lt yess many un ation in the
sold weresncentestedom promoting ini
tives that would change the perception ofthe
Space the goal of abn designers it re
ste sucess places. the im ofthe projet
Shouldbe toakertheexperencecfthaspace.
Noeover notdertogiveamore detailed and
quite nterpeusion ofthe cy. th ana
ys fa place shold at be chum
{oie sede senc, which devs fom
ls phyial geomet, but rather ead xt
‘trough the understanding of ls fonera
andsymbol factors Asthe promoter ofthe
workshop on "Happiness in urban space
_undeinethesgition fs place changes
withthe sockty The reaningsfabuitent-
ronment ste modified a social value ce
inesponseo changing patterns of cies
one onritton an ee

‘These experience canbe very fret from
ne place to another AS Relph (1976) en.
feet spaces aspuce o tion end
Gn immediate needs and pres, and as
ch as ales developed structure.)
‘his sete can ay be in no way un
derstood ss cet or measurable ther
tens and dreions are experienced a
(gates of ear rf this way otha and
‘renwhenthete remade expt path or
trlsthey ate known wihtheirspeimenn.
Ing () Ferepive spe Sal the rs of

dret emotional encounter with the spaces
cftheeamh.eaandskyorwith bul andere
stedspucesn,

Many than square (rized have ter con
dene at come fom history, special
incldBuropesncie Ingoodquiy sas
general condition o comfort or pese is
permanent Architeturehas had ale incre
ingrese come places St callen
eating à well dimensioned and conchided
Spe the spe ofan hori squar has
ly dimensions tata be mponedtoshu-
‘man eile Sres ae conceited or walking
and gig. It eesone ofthe ley
the ces a square Bncrmousplaa ae
It aha scsi or human stv
rather they ate Fuel jus for many
rads Besides. achitetureis mos ofthe
tine th es of tansfomations, the su
ess face needs time oe complished
Mos conemporry architecture as cated
suggestive spices, sometimes very comple
fps through nice looking alias, bu
these bjt are ot lay capable of ene:
tingle and ates y themselves
Segre the architectural contrmaton of
square andthe quality ofits sureundingar
het. eses tomate ains
and reis to improve qua The pa.
‘lcontes and architetura scene shoud
meinthebackground her these everistake
ae and Haynes can be generated Never
theless ssgusresaretypicausbanspscstar
people gathering. under happy or unhaay
Ssumaances, her is time for happiness
nd time or geie Both series are not
usb bt pl From this poi of vie,
eres have only the potential 1 become
Places for momentary happiness in other
word they ae places whee people st nid
inating transforma gener sun ofeomert
int a moment se y.

ha is happiness, and how felted
to games? Happiness tht fing din.
ued by spataney and les which
bring eileen, loves and mystics together
‘Three senal rent experiences which
cree in the malm of ply. According
o ink the gum ie the “aio yn this
perspectivas ih gal of architectural design
Shoal be cdi to play. acide the
added games ha oi bing y. This
À acompte heepng the practice athe
spi of game at every ae, introducing the
technique of Radar whith ont of paying

swith oman and resting space ford and
fie spaces Spon shouldbe game et only
show (ten ovis and vient ike oa
‘apines typical of idwho play ames
with cher id in comi, The sure
his on. The ¡eno pare reed o the
nef cones, competition architecture and
conan pere fellow the ale com
peition Quoting Han When prizes
rd fo the et plan fr ato hall era
perd fx the et tadet ina ashes,
de would sem hat the desire 1 smite
Invention, o detect tales and to chain the
test eu enough Nevertheless behind all
‘hese practical obectives thet always rks
‘he primordial ly foreion ofthe contesta
such impair dci ofcourse how
{arte see fuse ules has cutwsighed a
one pusionincerain historial nance,
Shen the cy of Feen ln 438 rg
ind à competion the cathedral deme
‘which Brunel won ut of ute on
Veran But we could ha accio
ous workt functionals

ls ther anything serous (Conrad, or
aed) sled to the es ofan acest
game? The saying “AL ust fr fon nothing
foes meanstha the reat fa game. con
used under decency, lad toa rtrd
social meseta hardy community
of people. vin the sme experience, Fem
this pin of view, place which asumes a
goed sand of quality aaa where
this social message haste petty be
titer delivered. The stronger isthe massage,
the songeris the uly othe ple Cleary,
theres certain conta ya tard sch
synthe delivery the mesg.

‘This paper ims to een aca ud that
onsite inthe xls ofa event in
the main suse of opr, Pizza Maggiore.
‘The event, made posible by some othe at
‘hort ofthis paper wat aon day content or
the consution of ses fterporny sad
toad bridges inthe square

The historic use of Piazza Maggiore
Piazza Maggiore ha fully demonstrated the
bli to include diferent meanings and
fignlfestions or the centuries. ated
In 200 at Pac mar o platen emis a
market pce where people could hero.
ether The squse was theresa of one of
the mot important urban interventions in
Medieval alga,

pt sama | 7

‘The sim ofthe intervention was to ire im
porancetothe plaewherethegovemment
buildings were placed the comune bought
Some small poor houses and demolished
them to make an empty space. The square,
8 € appears todays the result of many
‘tanfomations hat stated inthe XI cen
ty, wi the sim increasing this phys
‘alin alo symbolic centrality A cent
that sll seed

area Maggiore ls probably the Biggest
meting pint in Bologna. under the statue
E Neptune and in font of the fade a 5
Fetoni, the Basilica dedicated 1 the po
on ofthe cy The square snow surround
sd by the most important bulldogs ofthe
ly. The oles isthe Plato del Podest.
from 1400 whish ecupisthenomhside of
the square dominated by atower Tre
delAreng) with the sound of its tell A
few yess ater the pala rues bi
eno when tame cut that the over
rent vedad new spaces This building was
Called Falso Re Enzo and the Flas del
FodesEcametbe Plazo Vecchio. nfrnt
of Flaao del Fodes there ls the uncom
pleted gothic fade of the Baila of San
Fetroni. The westside of the square Soc
pied by the Palaos Comunal. known as
Palazzo Accus, To the eat side pos
sible to find Paseo de’ Bunch the alce of
the bunks sade that losesthe square
Tike a wing was designed by Vignola and 1e
lied at the endof XV century it served to
“Segal musk the poor constuction that
vere facing the square, reipesting the exit
the small sets ofthe ancent roman
tol ologna. The continuationofPalzzo
deans is Plazo éllArhiginnasis CL
alien fom the mispeled word pdb
alee that original hosted the University
ná te sil market

‘The inal shipe ofthe square wat clined
in the XV century its an Lshaped space.
‘whet Pizza Maggiore sony the eta
lo par in fon ofS Peon: in the eter
atin font of Plazas Ars, statue
SE Neptune was placed bythe pope In the
XVI cent, Pom 1600 1943 Fara Mag
Gove wa titled aferthe King Vinorio Ema
See IL when the equesrian monument of
the king wat moved to Gardin Margherita
Fest yen the square was Fed
public diSo and aherthewar became
Flora Maggiore again. The central pat of

the square i chaacteried by singular
este platform named il Gresentone
ui in 934, when the square was full of
tfc nd hosted the trama, The visible
damage of some stones ofthe platform was
Provaked by an Ameriantankon 2 pl
1905 dy ofthe iteration of thetown fom
the German cecupatio the peces stones
nero never ere besote hey were con:
Sideed an store prof the war. The e
‘moval of the Crecente ha ben the ob
jest of event debates br i lon pace.
Inthe XD century andthe ah XX comu
the aim of giving a monumental spe
ance tothe wholesstemofsgunesandsur
condi lowered the quality ofthe spe
Bor instance the act of detaching Pazo
Re Enzo fom Palazzo dé Ranch = he two
were connected, diminished the sense of
enclsures the Crescentone sel was never
‘convincing sation In the os the square
of Neptune was pved with a diagonal gi
cord to old documents, tht showed
3 diferent confguntion of the suc
the intention ofthe architect Comantins
Dandi was to seite people to Fama Mag.
fete. enhancing the connection ofthe two
ques

‘The quality of he Para derives ne only
ty ie buildings, ut diet by the place
experience ofthe peopl, Tedy the square
ls always fll of people during important
funeral and commemortiont In hito.
the square as used or every Kind of even.
In ende to emabich ts cently for the
cl and aminbtrite ie, in this place
stags for capital execution were erected
Spd witches were condemned and burned
On the other sie, Bi and tournaments
ofthe knights wer ganized om #250
‘he end ofthe AVI ent Im these st
ins balastades were bull on the stats
168, Fetroio for the women and under
the plato del Podes places for men. An
enforgetable cicumsance is represented
bythe vst ofthe emperor Charles Y. who
ame to Bologna between 130 and 159110
te crowned bythe pope and send à con
vention that sted many weeks The Bog
ee peopl prepared a wooden bridge that
Connected Faser Acco andthe paris
‘ofS Petri that the emperor the pope
spd the dignitaries ould move without be
ing btheredty the population repulse.

Info, fur cet po the main square

ses ley omviderds space fr decoran
and respesabiliys Velende fa) prove
lento ales qual en pr ene ev
to de Sere Lie da alu mal ent,
Behe min? sto estara in Or
are aesaae one ant cata
ia Chiesa Frei veo la Pase ok
Vitae cl nnsiposigtca suo
lara data Chis an dea
ta cone al ne meno aac Al,
Capra eae arar scort] So,
itis post play. bat with eseney Ive
mind the actual ations of the comune
gins some ter punk that ive wihhan-
malin pizza Ver inthe University qua
tex it is ns to understand that not much
as changed in these centuries

To exemplify the interaction in the trans.
forming terrain ofthesquareberween pop
lay fe, buses ie plteal He and show
Iie iis worth menting the muse drama
Camille Gore “ene demas dela
Sinai, otr di renden m guette
compl ein quelo AS Far erganiz
for Rorhets Festival on august sath, 267.
A well nwa table fom Insignia dept
Ann Consol hate when the show
‘comes tlie The table shows aint creen
with big dpited landscape, over an oe
Shi crowd of people aso questa
anloegerorsrailpreote gira
die di quelo vascos eche
Tapia basa ssp spa leete ne
en gran sl diario, dl anal
in ha copia dipesa, tte tar e
ani, gate qu po Plain
gah de in, he poca da mate ade
ala mentagua, ha por ct gor cute
un mere apts agp S bene ie
wende questo ago cade fs
ot neta à russe ed ute coito
Iie fa re alta it So he tra
reza e alas ce la outa non sono
matiere quelo desire gel
lona pr ant, come ancora qual
paso,

The square wis defintely designed as athe
tte se This predisposition ofthe square
to host events in persisted for centres A
fant crowd 5 reported bya movie ofthe
Isat Luce during the frou speech of
Bento Mussolini fr the Decima Legio on
Ostake th sk I that cesan 3 huge
white sage with Foss was bu nd gant
sin were erected on Pale de Bench

Te Long Be te ae 12,2035

‘Temporary a
unit the power ofthe regime, Many
er speeches lowed inthe ls decades
nfomunately,achiteta
mas not always suce special pr
ns, Pza Mago an
‘rounding ar alo the pes farcies
tol failures the scenic litle pavilion
chi pas ze Enzo (le goce) by the
architect Mais Cucinell fled afer two
yeas of ie and was removed. Regardless
les seiten quality, what vos fing
was the den of making new entrance to
Suberanean spaces neu the square. What
as inadequate wie nt the €
isl, but the type of experience that was

forthe square

pavement forthe square out question 2
the moment beaute t doesnot beng any
change in the way the square it is expec

sles and por mesinges
change inthe opens

The Longest Bridge Contest
Urban environmens ate lei} de
signedtobe disncrvtingroctste men
be sensory experiences and ive app
est forthe people who use them at he

Place canbe remembend in à pleasant way

The urban environment of Pza Mago
come fr Mistry li cbr ur spaces
inthe hoiecente the place doesnot need
permanent design fre o he
sing memorable sensory experiences. ev.
ere temporary insullicns ean help
sine momentary happiness
‘The square has ben à permanent pace or
tempora connections for a In
‘The es of building temporary
th

the general ene

ages in
re came ou within this kamemork
‘The cardboard y
mel, was seee
Thecxperiencectesdoadisalsocomectd

the des ot tion a the en of
even al he material shoul be taken to

is evident ay
logue: Theideswastoply a :
contest forge corrio he Largest
Bride Contes), The square should become
spice fr ation, centered on Immedie
aeeds and partic The vent wot gard
by Roser Aci, in collaberaien with

ter intitiong including the Univers cf
‘Bologna, Ancıher main goal ofthe operation
he and sing for young prop
‘hat steed injuries and need hep an a
tance The brides had tobe placed inside
rectangular are 135 m
the centa elevated plate ofthe square
(Cresentne), The rls ofthe competion

1, lested in

meseta bull ge withthe longest pan

5, using à maximum of joo cad
steps (toutes me) ad org
rope va furnished

‘Alleypes fries were cepted inthe com
pote beam bridges tra bridges ach
bridges cantilever bridges suspension big
tandablestayed bridges Chen the dimen

sion ofthe working It of 22 meters the
aim peer span was set by the dí
sgenlefthe are aprem 1 meter.
‘The cel event took plce on Api
sath 015, What wer thefts which in
enced happiness fem the urban andlor
socioesonemie pont of views? The event
was oxpnized in the Beat of the town
cause ofthe central ofthe peon and
us bse on tem work, labrtion and
oies The ston wat act 0 sti à
ree functional nee, batt demon fo
a pesen in linge people who needed
che The la ler of Rober Baden on
ll founder of the Sout movement pet
‘hy avery simple bax poly avery good
interpretation of happiness in public space:
One septenuds happiness sto make your
selfbeathy andstong le ou royo
‘hat ya can be señal and oca eno fe
sen yo ae aman Mato dy willow
yo how fal Beil and wonder things
Sed hs made he world oryau to eje Be
contained with what you have gt and make
‘he bt oft Lk onthe bight 1 chine
instead ofthe gleom one. Bat eal wayto
st happiness is by giving out happiness 10
ther peoples

Urban Happiness ot durable but shouldbe
continuous simuled

References

RE a és Sn me
Sa Suga ear
Seen o

Sree htt ato
Tom othe ad
BESSY He anna
Bi eng
poifaalnr =e
RE milan ini
Ho

She, ae apro
Sessa) meme bre
HO Sn
EASE tg non ty
Vian 1e Lepe Bco Rem

Is Britain’s emphasis
on safety and security
creating an unhappy

society?

Simon Andreas Hansen

Introduction
Since 20102 growing interest in western
counties investigate the happiness in o-
cites ha erled, Denmark has from the
fim evaluation of rain happiness and
welbeing the "Eurcbromater” in 173.
shay een considered one ofthe happiest
counts in the word. Profesor Cian
Bar says that one ofthe main reasons
the Danes ae so happy is ther using na-
tre in people hey donot know (The nt
tote of Happiness sera. Test one f the
nai ingredients in crating a happy society
(The Werlds Happiness Repo, 203) and
at agrxinflene in ourkearferime and
‘Ste we el Minton 200).

Say à fund in areas where there are
many people aud us ces, 1960 in
paces where the cen! gust slsionship
‘clay defined and where à nom of be
‘vot evident (Newman. 973) The archi
rectal design and character ofthese paces
ae either train o icourging people
‘iter defining center dis ina
senil hostile manner which hasan im-
past net nly on how safe we a, ur abs
in how we he and how ste we fl The
shteture thereby plays reat prince
sting happy sxe.

Inthe UK her agrs emphasis ona
andsecury tores sf envronment or
‘he publi nd ower thers o rime, One
ofthe leading schemes scaled Secured by
Design, which apa of the Asoiton
of Chit Plice Offices (ACTO) provides
guidée on how 1 crete a spice that is
betodefenditselDesgn uterine Die
fet eouels has added à paragraph in their
Planning pol about new estate ned to
Including à focus on incorporated security
mesures in the design (Statndon Avon
Diner Coun, 00% Southwark Count
Website, 201) making the secured by de
signs guidelines lee osea puit.

‘The secured by design schemes heavily ne
uenced by Newman (1973) these of de

embase primarily ing om natural
surillane and teria division; mo as
pat that bth ne oundin some ofthe mos
Kommen Danishresdeia buildings andin
estes developed on behlfofseured by de
sigas guideline Although the ame theories
an be used as describing how Danish and
ah estate ar designing» safe environ
‚ment the approaches ae mies pan

‘This essay investigates Denmark and Brit
ny diferent approach o security, pe:
ay resident ars. see whether or
sot they promt soil communes, rst
in strangers and a decease In the far of
time which all ave an impact onthe sc
‘ys happiness (The Inte of Happiness,
01 Fathermote this say will examine
pecially how sing anal added mes
Sur a cameras fences locks and gates a.
fect peoples happiness

Literature review
In The Land Dent of Grew American tes
(6961) ne Jets dec these, al
organ ofthe ct ey element in provide
ing fein ot Arun yes on the
ste or natural suellne i ne ofthe
nain pacs in mali et no fem.
ronments Natural sumeilane amd
a ous while our eyes always unknow
in an waching nr ber poms
According to Jae, stay ceci wih
natural sumeilanee works ben canal
when pepl are enjoying themselves with
Cut making that they ae ‘poling Since
mos f the sets occupants re Stangen,
She emphaize th ts the sangen who
sretherainactrsgrantngthestreets sft.
Jaca debate things qui acy
to handle strangers tuning people we de
net now into aft se Ft thee must
o acia boundary ine between public and
pvt space, Second. here must be eyes on
the set belonging to naval habitant,
which include buildings being overated.
Sod the set to neue the sy of bth
herbes andre Third there must
‘epedestransand ther users by contin
uly cupying the set

ural sulle 3 ey apt of po:
ing a sde environment also deed
fn the Amedcan thinker, aci and
town planer Oscar Nwwmans book Def
ace ee and Deia the Vii iy

(4973, Bed on investigations of ph
stats in New York City Newman ges
that tis pesto devtessethe ik ie
ty creating an appearance fascial:
iy thats capable of defending ite Using
chere and planning state aid
rime. The man aspects in the designing fa
del space reassuring natural sue
Inne and ler terror dons.
Newman ages that taining natural sur
weile ip cating à sok environment,
swhileciminalstend to work in lies where
‘he kelo detection lowe Designing
ttes in away thx the buildings always
have windows aig the dicen tes ad
space will ede the ik fre in the
tates since there alway a possi be
ing watched

‘The terra vision involves defining an
vious ine beeing bares ha cea
Separtethe ity space it: publ seri pub
Ts, embate and private. A clear separa
on between the publi eam and the pel
tote ground can be cet with om
er aol Bar. Newnan aes that an o
‘inary pein with noagendain arden
‘eal fel rep rom by crossing ab
fer which lesly raie the train.
from a public toa pise space, He ou
ess that aclea zone division provide es
ders with feling of expanded ownership
towards thee spaces, increasing the awake
ress of spices bah

Ben though Js (161) and Newman.
Copa) bork que tha tual suvelance
aná char definitions between publ and
private space ate ceating à safe environ
amet by lowering the sk of eine, Anna
Minton decibes in herbook Grande
(4003) there get diferen between thelr
ideas. Minton suggest that their approach.
ses towards stranger ae poles apart ec.
perceive strangers guardas of the oy
‘whom swory of rusting. while Newman
‘ew theme iter 10 residential seas
and à sauce of danger we shoul be susp
‘ous Bout

Newmans defensible space thecis have
been adopted y secure y design and hive
came the bas behind the gated com
rune mushrooming al over the UX. In
secured by design achtet guideline
‘See has 3014001), scort meinen
from how to design windows and dent
paces, lighting parking Tots, pathways

and removing climing id decribed
‘The guidlines tht by using thet ug
fetos itis posible to reduce the risk of
ay with 75% vehicle crime with 25%
and rimina damage with 5% Some ofthe
ran measures sen s providing a se en.
‘ronment with a reduced ek oferime are
fences ates and locks, which reall tues
Inehegated commis.

Rowland Akinsens and john ln paper
otras UK? Gated Commnkie, ie Spatial
Rest ft Ai and Tepe ta
Sergi san) avale srundtheseg
ion and chin nthe iy that comes
longuwithafenced feat They found that
‘the matan for moving ito 3 ited com:
munity i mainly the bte seuriy and
exclusion fom the sc that cones with
the development. Even though the gated
‘communities ae enclaves tha fe tchno-
Topi secure deployed rund the este o
insu the residents fom the ‘dangerous
‘side Atkinson Pl (an sted hat
dt des ot necesi reco the rides
ésrafcine.

‘The fer fine andthe concer about e
cuy is eaching a higher level than seen
Poe in the UK ln site the actual ce
levels lowerthan has been nya In er
paper Rates Brita (2099) Anna Minton
ues that secured by designs eas. pro
in fences gates and CCTV cameras ae
one f the main influences on this mates
(One ofthe resco i tha material su
reste cannot provide the same uation
ce a the catan they ae pli.
“Though interviews she eches the conc
sion that knowing peopl wheter be
the caretakers or eachother e vital forthe
residents 0 erste trast that create ith
fea of rime and wellbeing. Minton agus
that besides not Being able 1 provide the
eig of stay anda tating community.
which the secuty measures te promising
the secure by design guidlines leads a
hs towards designing fortes ike con.
ion making the cy feel more ote.

"The cle Dansk estate follows the same
defnsbl principles as suggested by the
scared y design guideline: In Cyldendals
Dam encyclopedia Der Sve Dansk Ar.
cite Karen Zale and museum inspector
Poul Oto Miche hay write a pes, Dar
mark beligyag 2009) on Danishesates
through time including one of the mos

clas bling structures in Denmark the
Ketenhivoes Kang The text describes the
origin and the basi ss behind the ach

Defensible space - The Kobenhanver
Karré and gated communities

Traing inthe strangers round us our fel
low sien and countrymen the tuts
and immigrants basa great Impact on our
{esr frie and welling Denmark ia
coding tothe report fromthe Happiness Re
seach institute The Harry Dans (2014). one
ofthe most sing outs in the wl
which impocttheirhappness.Thisessy use
‘sample kom Depmarkwhicheotespondt
‘with Oscar News theories ol defense
Spaces and compare ito he development
romced by secured by design to ind cu
‘wheter thet ia ink between the siden
Haleonsnutons the syle snd the se
ment they bring ward

Locking st Copenhagen fom the tp it be
‘come les ha thee one certain way of
consracting residen! tilings in the
Dh capt Almost every single ete
fiom the ner ey of Copenhagen 10 he
subas charter y a quadrangle 6.
tate with Shared space in the mile This
tte design call a Kobenhavner Kan
nds nt only found in Copenhagen ball
round Denmark
‘TheKebenharne:Kanéscanbecasied nto
thee types: orginal ar OR] om the
Inte 800 Sterkurdn [SK] Hem the 1205
and the cel open kare AOK] kom
the 29355 The Kobenhamer Ku was ist
constando 20 a an
‘opto flor overt estat with a namen
stone paved couryard manning thrcogh the
‘idle wed for residential purpose, rf
manch and smal industries Inthe 19308
the St Sorku wat constrcted pond
ing more daylight andspae ty anexpanson
ofthe courtyard tuning tim. arden as
Seen with Kay Fisher's Hormkakhus, The
‘tte was designed with ving rooms fing
the ret and Kitchen and edrooms fing
the bigcounyard a yard inaccessible froth
es hante resident, Dung the 19303 the
te was no longer completely eeling
the residents share space and became ely
sei forthe publ as seen in Foul Ba
manne Storie from 195 (ah KO
Wien, 2009)

TE

sn Wehe 2

ime Ain
sand when

me, jeopardizing the inh

361, Minton 200) Th
me diministed

nappes.
‘The de of eur ded y cure by
eign vay according 1 the eine re ln
he neighbering commun A police offer
isngaitng the needed evel of cry

ne there taking the ik of crime in the
eat accu. Minton (3013) ds
emphsisonbaris inespecialiy

rate communes ae reine foes
states with igh fence smal windows and
tes geeraing a led feel 1 ther.

nthe gated communes

incheingand securing an ateath

tury neg people dem

ways losing cert prep
ng afin the jon tat ceo

fing an almos hostile apps
neighboring communities.
fences lock and CCTV cameras te lad

be considered ati

rete fel of fey which
rules The While very KbenhavnesKeeéconsias of by al means des at sem awe the es
ries and prefered by multiple developers Hein the UK bus

ty design guidlines rigid

scheme I alo baked by den

Aion. 2009). Tr guldeine Naw Hanes types (Minton, 209) There i nthng hat ishand Bish approach totenitril did

fal ion mos commonly invoiesatal ty, One ofthe restos cabe developed fer of crime, nut and thereby

scaly created bar in form of mein fr moving into a gated comma: happiness
stseeninthegatedomnmunties ni isnot ont lve ina highly secure
sed communities we these ares to virement ut alerte em the Natural survellance and the cul-de-sac
a rangers as they lok vp pull (Atkinson & flint 200) Segmgaion Gated communities ae the extreme ve
des endangering the in behavior aero cppeses andas sions ofthe residen

Jocs (2962) described the es Sa behar sees developing tt redby design

ls 0
pl windows on every sgae facing the neigh
uned by design iasbitans toring environment and visual open
y flowing her guide es designed to encourage
spa pe hat dont belong. fe

seep ides, Here e nan

inthe publi, lowed

Using going as sty mesure sang
dequxe ight on doors as andthe shared
space andrea placing geen mor
ing elimbing ai. Secured by desig. 201)
isa measures that generates asa natura
Tring environments As sated through the
investigation ofthe Kebenhayner Kant
uly created, ving environment are
leading toward reste tnt inthe com
uni resting happier scie

‘The natural Sumeilnee in the coles
is supposed to make criminal fel anxious
shout being watched nd caught. Therefore
ifs private pathway is wanted it neds to
Le pe of Unnecesany ways though the
ng ars should be avoided to decrete
‘he numberof range or intrudes walk
ing inside the este perimeter Secured by
Design, 201). The saying do not tempt à
desperate man sa way ofsying that notall
San wihtund doing something bey want to
‘they ate presented withthe opportun.
eventhough they know les wong ira
Ferhat secured by design guidance work
pon there san opportunity fr ateo
‘reskin he wilt sl loo grb
Gus estes ae one ofthe most com:
ron way to contras hong ares inthe
Dani abus, These ate designed without
fences inthe small pathways. The pathways
rung through the neighborhood ae cow.
ced by high bushes on every ste hiding
‘he pes fom the cal avance
ofthe resident. Thee is no prevention o
deny strangers to pss on thelr way fom
ne pat of the ity o another in fc walle
ing tough the Ou dec smal opa
sfemorecommonthansing the main toads
“ond To indicate to stranger tht they
ine walking into a residential area aye
li aries applied by having à change
inthe walking surface and often some kind
cle bares nthe beginning ofthe pth
vay Gad has the ability toca
Seil community between the residents of
‘he houses with the shared space in orm of
Parking ote and ubago depo where the
residents ocesionllyunintoeach the.
‘The min ference in the Danish and the
Brtich approach to a Gad the way
‘hey lock upon strangers 36 guardias of
the tet or dangerous Inder, showing
in the way the public ae llowed to walk
‘hough the esate the tras im the average
prion Once asin the Danish dsg seems

to keep to arbol baies which have à
atra feng 1 them as a way of teling
espe hereby axe anilla change
Sn norms, On the cher hind the seca bond
that lows with natural surveillance sen-
Tnanced inthe Bish design

1 ar to determine whether or not the
chee behind the suldesa crested
‘hah secured by design mea ae 38
the ated communities generating 3 et of
rime and strat in peope eco ven
‘hough ranger ar ooked pon a some
‘hing tht should be handled with care the
social bond created through natural sumi
anche man factor not fences and,
(Secured design 2o1)incremingthe safe
Tiingspsce.

Conclusion
In th Denmark andthe UK the ars
denia estates flowing the principle of
defensible space brought ward by New
man (3973) However hraugh thi report
Tighe ha Ben hed on ow diferent thes.
chitecture inthe two conteo iin ters of
signing environment that peertesthe
feel of sey. As happiness involves aspects
sel sf, trating in other people and
et feting crime the estates hasbeen eva
don how they handle these aspects cer
ing breding round fr happy residents.

In Denmark natural ing environments
se creed witht feces, Locke ates
nd CCTV cameras, bu sil llwing the
bene behind defensible spaces, inc
ing terior dien and natural save.
lance semi cuate acc bond within
the neighborhood and inerte the ust in
stranger which leads to a sone of key
and lo faroferime

‘The UK emphasis on fey and security in
‘he fice of CCTV cameras and Secured by De
sign mentores re dsignedtocrete seen
‘ronment with low kof crime Hower
the fa of tine sil growing amongst
the public (Minton 2009. This s happening
concurs withthe grant es on ible
Security measures, reminding us case
ties The interesting thing about cur fer of
‘ime that tis nat connecedtothe actual
pombe ofcsimes or the ec crater of
the crimes commited but comesponding
seth the tt that exis amongst. Li
ing ina segregated ig ecuriy residential
ren the gated communities endanger

Sng the inhabitants rst the public and
‘hough iments ear oflving without
the ecu mesures into 2003, [bs
963. Atkinson Fit. 2000)
Secured y design promtes tifa seu
thy measures fates, Fences, Laks and am
ere, tht lod 10 fortes Ike architecture
liston 2012), the people are unnaturally
fowed to an acceptable Belen Ths cre
ses enlronments that cn fel hostile and
sta and on the ha of thi ey
¡investigation seen a the main reason thst
Such ing spaces ae ct promoting à ap
Prenronmen,

As the bigest ferent in the two coun
tres approches i the acitectral way of
cbtining Newman (1973) defensible and
Safe spaces A ar that the architecture of
place plays an important par in peoples
"appiness A natural crested environment
seems end and leds toa space where
people ae rating each ther ot eating
ime While ail added security mest
fret hat des not seem tobe à pat ofthe
estes schitectunl expressions dite un.
sta rond din tt and
through time enforce the a of rime aw
Sng an impact on the residen shape.
Byallaeounts UK semphasison safety and
Sect sem to tes ay the bondbetween
the pepe cet es aimes rang
community and a publi witha greater far
‘ferme Indigo more unhapy socie.

References
Amon Mr 004 tes UK 04
‘Smuts he Sima Bol de Pino and.
Den PCR o
Man Weber Tepe se ir
BRL ED sors ido Summers
oras
ibs ote cba nde no
Fou Rew Yak Rand He
Minin scp raed Ctr er an ap
[resonant Jota e tenn pep
Flan À ta Pater Ban Waking pe
pen Ron easton (rele

+ Féin 07s gout a ek nd
A tone

ERS gn ge ano an
Witty sor Te May Dre ang
Dereon nda My ar
omar Tet apie
‘Scere iy Begira Nw oe on. UE
Seely Dot

2 ible KW One den E. 009 Dar

‘Eiger Ben Se Babe plant

ie std Wes Sra Wend ce
urea Wee

+ BGE WB We

1 feel pad & Ss]. son ou

apres ig SN Sul Do

+ Tae ze Dia md Wat met
Tein ea Te es

1 oe tl cmo fre

ita say Go a OF The

2 Bann Ose, COTY mes ha fab
a a OK he Gr
momma UR Trewin

+ Son ven Dies Coun 2006, tn

iman à “

Being happy outside the
traffic jams: Moral climate
and its impact on transport
network modeling within
the cities after state
socialism

ark Kleyman

Introduction
While inlading nea any te which
permitseiherveicla movement row of
people anspon newark may ere as
niet pr uit environment within
he Asasesul the question fon the
hartes ofranspon networks mayim
past on memorable sensory experiences and
give Kappe forthe people who we them
Ss creme becoming a sity fr cy
pannes acund the world. On the ete
Ind one may incresingly seve how the
consumerist cure may impact on these
process worldwide For instance, despite
the ant Western shetcicofthe thon
‘Russ, Venemelaor an to mention among
others, Weve pater ok and cons:
tion inteasingly embrace many people in
the developing couts and sa sul car
boom les Moscow Caracas or Teran in
One big jam, In Lewis Morford sense. his
Sita provide a evidence of he subs
tutlonoftbeidenofgoed ie bythatofgeeds
ie (am 299) However seco poh
legal beta, which impact on transport
tw modeling, hae thus for remain
deep

‘The ane sims toexamine the eet ofthe
commonly shred ideas onthe way often
happy on scaring transport networks
Within ch post solche. st. ds
Suse the term "moral climate im reltion
torts eet onthe ea of how tobe happy
within the paculr place with he special
emphasisonthe issusofsechleonsntion
oftechnlegicl systems, Secondly the ani
‘le concentateson dusting the methods
oy ofthe case study ofthe city of anon
in Central Rusa The subsequent section is
esc to anal ot changing pers
transporten nthe caseciy onthe basis
ofthe analy faeconday sources indepth
Interviews and setos qurstionnates
enel quantitative and qualite id:

Gngrofthe author In cur onchuen. we ll
otto isolate transport networks modeling
fom the social conte of the cities in gen
tral and the ies of moral cite within
¡aba communities in prieur,

Theoretical background
As wansprt network maybe carded à
Bindoftechneapalsitetheiencfschl
conan fies sema provides theo.
etal groundwork ofexmining thee sue
(Bier Hughes nd Finch 187, Onthe other
and Hen Le idea fsb corts
tionofspace provides framework runde
sanding the way sca behivor andthe built
emwronment ste interconnected (ebene
1974S 208) Fall Lefebvre
oF the sigh tothe iy (198) every sio.
Spatial grup should have and wats is say
On the fuer of urban development, inch
Ing ranspert network modeling. Conceiving
the cy asa mesic of eiospai configu
ons (Marce 303) ar ones may hardly
regarde a an nly sc group develop.
ing sons the Sate of tan tapant
network The concept ofthe netted ty
{Reset ago) addres these change
‘ing ie sciospta ner ft iy in
order to unveil confi nd nina
‘het ino negtntions that potential lt
the ight othe cy. Socia colin, inthis
content shouldbe mote undemtoodascapx-
ity to acknowledge the extenso of diferent
social and tetra groups presented inthe
‘hy thei vere and sometimes condi
tony interes welas the capacity ofthese
rouptocegunizethemeelvesandfrthecty
{crete miss in which thee sup sn
‘onfontechotheranddcum about the city
ur, for tance, bout the perspectives
of anspor network modeling. At these
time. city maybe considered ss ares ofthe
veia vision (tht se pegrphical
and colega) connecting urban neighbor:
ds tothe specif rescue of he nd.
and ofthe horomtl wltonhip (fe.
nomi ind) connecting people uiban reas
Anderes (Demate 98). The proposed
approach eiscnthewellknownconeeptof
‘cil apt (Bataan 2000) by which ne
work of retin stature the social
‘pce andthe bu enviroment reguded a
Aninheren par ofthis space. As the ky e
suesofseialeapalconcernthe ole fee.
paola character with eget

eto ea ma | 3

heirimpaet oninterpersnal nd svi ela
tions the concept of monlclimae may pr
‘idea wef oo in enhancing ering and
undestnding ofthese process, Seco.
ts and pyeholegis end vo use the tem
‘lima inferenetoacorept agree
road within sce by analogy toweather
And temperature Gee, eg Til 979) One
Component feature what sme that
fall the ‘moral climate (Vite snd Cullen
Et Novo 003) Mera imate may be
considered she shred perceptions of how
‘orl ss should be addresed and what
moral ret behavior is fs s personal
‘this fen fecha an individual wil do
when feed withmorl lemmas amoral
at guides whata svi group frexample
‘tan community, and ls consent wll
do when fed with ies of config va
‘os Moral climate inches both contents
ray he shared perception of whit con
es ethical behavior ad the proces of
Towethial or moral hue willbe desk wit
(Vitor nd Cullen 2988: 105) Sin man u
thn commas may be eprdd a open
sytem afd by and tein the exter.
ral environment, orl climate fies these
ont inboth is internlanderemal
relationships, In Fuel sense, moral li
ra ita Knowledge nine tha people
judge their surounding worl according o
cea regime of euch which tls them
"ght om wrong pod fem bad er ouf
eis au 200) Ree o the con
cepto pistes She aan
he ray define thi tact clade com.
monly shed images bay. snot
ges that jt ay culture has eb
Ted fellas that give meaning toi >.
cialimeseion [modem technocrtecul
tures have developed ti rouge
rough whichthe asesthe rationality an
chant aims ha eck to order ei
Ives demonstins an sguments that ail
Lo met these tests maybe dismissed legit
mae inationa (sam 005 255.

In ths context moral climate within urban
rightoshods can provide à diine et of
ides about he was of being happy. but he
quetonis whether uch des could price
apne in eli Kor san while Ring
impact by the consumerit cult moral
limite ofen matter people to regard à
rotor car ss the main tia of hap
es But in aly the modem consequences

of hea automate use chen d ot make
‘rope happy Besa they comune to
drama increase in the ze of dental
dex soil Solo, the dssonnection of
communis there in bese generation
rando palliation stan pra anda
waste oie tothe tats,

The concept of meal climate may thus be
rc in examining the ambito elton:
‘hip between ches and wranspan werke
thin them while tanoprt networks a
considered san here pa ofabulk en
‘nme providing important cl inter
tions where economi.poieal and sch
‘elton ae revealed and played.

In fat. however the proposed model may be
regard only sa theoretical bskground o
previo an explanation ofthe ec of moral
mate within urban neighborhoods on
trapos network mad In this content,
pth dependency aproch mos apropr
‘Me or mining these issue ince allows
ine theoreti postions or even nse
pl theoretical approach.Frmthe pth de
pendency spies the need to grund cy
tonsomation precses in the dbesunen
and sates ofthe ey ctrshasgainedim-
porance(Pikrance 00.14.17)

ni contestes thoughout Cente and
item Europe provide parures
ing backdrop fo examining those process
"The ttempeto establish the ealtaran ces
thghoat the omer Est blo coute
sue providing extensive fequent and
heap pull rang services ut since the
‘oy 990 the situation ha changed dest
cally

{kein other couts throughout Cental
and EaserSatheatem Europe, the cies
in Rata experienced the peces of rapid
porc wanfomatlen ln the 39908
a, unlike in the most of the counties of
this regio, tthe Reining ofthe se con.
uythirdevelopmentstaedtote impacted
ty Paine mode fe capil funded
inthe Chinese experience in mining the le
mets of make economy with many ats
tates ofthe Commas Heclgy and pol
«iesÁsiun 2007) Inhisconent theese of
[Rusia demons a strange mite the
wing hilly tothe Wr avale
temps ssh ron Curtain ith the
‘redominanee ofthe Western pateras of
sdconsumpticn Robinson 200.6).

Setting
‘Theempirslanalysisisbusedonacae study
design examining the effet of moral cite
Om tanepor network dling in the cy of
IranovoinCental Risa

Being corel a home of apa dents
(gora 2013) Kane hs tonal
teen called th textile capital of Rusia Be
ue fi tene manu Indust
the city earned the sie of he asian
Manchester during the ah century By the
ely ah century it competed withthe Fo

Ish hy of Loe (ing abo a prof the Rs.
sian Emplea that ime) the le ofthe
pray textile production ente in Europe
Astheworken ing condition were ppl
Ing the tes were fuer and Basi
feed mus support in the iy As ases,
eri 917 Revltion the Comuni a

‘erties were tying to um anon ino à
modele tyra ofthe Ste

Hence, the cucome ofthe Soviet model of
‘barieston In Mano were perhaps mee
bit incomparion wih nother Ru
fiance andtowns.

‘The era ofthese peces wee the op-
poste On the one hand, nine institutions
E higher eduction were elie in e.
‘ova. andthe cy has become one ofthe big
etcenesofhigheceductonin Rusa Ba,
fn the cher hand the cure ofthe local
economy has ot been considerably changed.
tile Being based mall on the textile in
dus Dating the Soviet ea the extensive
development of his ind required many
lowablled worken. There, the homo
nous social tan, wich ented inte
predominance ofthe loma worken
iene, consdestly pated on the meral
climate wihinthe cy

In the pst Soviet ea the cri in the leat
more economy ld t high unen-
ployment stes and remedo dere

Ing social conditions (lin and Semenenko
1998. However sme the mi 2005 the city
Insexpeienced the improvement ofthe so
omission red fom the peak ol
pics andthe sendy incre ofthe ng
and in Ruta a whol. A the same
time, Pans pertence in chanting the o.
‘et manta ihe thst bout the leading le
ofthe working cla, alongside the sped of
pial tout cour in every sector of pub-
lis and private emo ln siting
the traditional dry ofthe tete laser

cf Russa Mah 201) But lke in he So
vie er, he mest of abris is produced in
amer small westshope acting pre
dominantly low paid workers whereas he
Tage factory buildings ae turned intoenor
rows shopping mals As à el, people
se inctessingly moving to other regions
Rusia especialy 1 Moscow to seek for
higher pi jobs.

The history ofthe cy impact on the
characteristics of ls built environmen,
Tranowo was crested in 1871 by merging
many tom and villages fr instone the
ld le processing wile of vano (it
documented in 1561) withthe Indus
town of Vorntenskiy Fora (until 1932
the oficial name of the city was ane.
Vernesensh AS seul regarding its ps
Fil star, vnovo may beconsideed a
apejeenicctywiththeentieurbanares
covering around 205 km (ngoradm 3033)
Incomparson withthe neighboring big eit
lesofVindimi Kostromaand Vers a.
ow presents much more chartres of
the social iy. such fr Instan less
inner city density resulted fom liberal une
of space in planning Geeleny 190. As a
real, the need of leve transport et
works in anova is roc for minable
development ofthe city

[Addressing these ous, the Communist
cuatros emphasized the development
SF pubis ranger systems. In 2926 the
us routes tated tbe operated The tam
system was launched ln 2934, and in 1962
‘he it tral bs line wa sted the
pt Soviet era, however, the esi of ea
ronostactral economy impacted heat
iy on publi transpor systems, The tam
work in anova Shut do in so.
Manipal bus and role bu le be.
coming increasingly ageing for example,
the most try Bus let wer produced
inthe mid 1605 Ths ion made tat
Shut imprcial to commute without
the help of privately run matshrutkas(rout
de) stall A the same time ike any
ther postsccali ety anova vitae
the skyrocketing tse in using the private
car The mumber of ear grew rapidy fom
‘und 55000 in 200510 merethan 200600
insors (imi 20:3)

Method
Acc te Glam Gao) the queens
Suey à company y rh el
sp and minis an pdifemaion
fom alge numberof people que qui.
There ofthis sive sn toanoerthe
lingerie sing ano ace ce
Wins tos impact ranspon me
‘est preference?

2. Do these preferences depend on urban
belle ates towards orally cont
behaviour and the ding iss abou the
map ofbiog happy?

‘The queonnate targeted by polite inv
tation to patate in the suney of every
second odesan ping by afer the inte.
ewer completedthequesionnsite,This
Survey Sampling strategy waste mest eff
cient maiming the survey sample se.
‘Thesuvey was conductedin May nd fine of
083 ce ace inthe esto In ano
No ia shopping mall Revol square
nd Santsionnaya set Totally the suey
sled 16 completed ques.

Mer the fet fae quesimnales had been
veneran, in Aus 013th two ine
ma indepth necios were conducted of
india whose elos ave them particular
insight the development often net
‘wots Bano, ln ation ual etant
Infomation was provided fom secondary
lied seuesava result fanal of
{eis avaiable foro ly produced internet,
rescues Hence, hen taken nage the
seu procedures inchuded an amalgm of
Geräte and quntäshe anal tech
que permit provide uminating ans
wentothe main research union,

Data analysis,
"The main question feeused on analytng the
tes impact on tapon networks us
preferences, withthe emphasis on their
fnteeonnectednes withthe moral climate
hin Wanove, For this purpose, the ro
Spondents were asked to specify by writing
in details the factor tha motte ther to
parue modes transpor Hence. the
resul not nly of quis, but a
{stv content naps of atasepoted were
chained (ee Figure.

Mos ofthe respondents exiesied tha they
prefered using preu modes fans
Because of thet soil stats, The eepon
dents who expe the poire ates
towards using of cum, tended to consider
them neta a made transport but ther as
satus make of rt. ea person who
‘owes a hais dveling vist prestigious
Piles restaura andthe ike. They
reported tha this way eotesponded with
the commonly shared seecypes bout the
swaps of being happy within urban neigh-
Uouehsods, and a ne af our colonos
(ral, salespenon. 3) verte, In anon
you cannot be happy. if you do not ook like
your rige. At the same tie though
Gnral one may se many ema diversi
Hana the mat ofthe respondents (68
1%) addionaly noted that cars ae symbols
of male (muzhik) dominance. while eying
fon sterstypes produced by the tana
machine. Aron ofthe ca drverin anon
(ral, adminis 3) reported, though
vesting time intra congestion ei
problem you anno tact pty il ur
dead stop acte

Socal status 604%
convenience 28.6%
‘= Healthy ting 24%
"Environment protection 12%

Facto matting pope fe mates prin ero

sets na an | 77

Overall, 53 percent ofan wer in Kano
19 port that they purchase their car
min to asd stigmatization cen rte
yond thelr economic means or actual tans
por needs, To show off their weath and
Prestige 6239 ofcar omnes parto dive
‘heir cars everywhere even they very ieh
‘would be suck intrf as.

(On the cher hand 735 % of public trans
po sides in anova exprese that they
Adi beca oftheir low incomes. 446%
of public transport semis users (predomi
aly ete people reporte tha hs y=
tem ispooly coordinated and jet re
quent breakdowns. At the same ime, cute
tari buses and ole buses ae increasing
ly suck inthe af congestion generated
Uy the skyrocketing car u, tate ae no
us Ines and rf signal ro or pus
Tetanspor as shat public wanspert ser:
reported tha they would wie ca intend of
pubis rar if they would cum enough
‘Roney Only 63 of publi transports sid.
Sirepertedtharhingntemitcomenienfor
"ides At the same ine 64 96 of pease
ans repotedthatthoughorlking ithe mar
convenient way for them to move ctessthe
y (ay due othe shar dance fom
ame Lo werkplae tischen not so ex.
especial inthe winter when sidewalks ae
Slipper and snow died At the same time
‘he most fyi in vano repone that
they ae ofen treated at beings of low so
cial satus Though the authors sed
te pore the conditions o liar cyling
(predominantly inthe paro aros thei).
‘here te sill no opertuniis lity y
ling. The predominant aitads expres
ty the respondents a more res relevant
so those reported by individu whose les
oe them particular imighe ino the de.
elopment & transpor networks (namely
Hanser companies owners and oficial
‘The itevews of those pecple may dem
cst ths they ey Bs fall upon the
development ofthe ar ad, wheres they
regard attentive means of transpor.
hote ofthe les importance.

‘Athesametine, lie the sample in teal
‘he teats wh live and study In anos
(65 respondents), demonstrate much more
poste attitudes tarde the development
e skemative modes of tempos, 732 %
cf them reported that pedesia ones and
tite tacks shoul be developed in anova.

(onthe contrary. 364 % ofthem regard ar
a eue of ar pllton and of tafe cono
ston 43.29 athe students support the
den of giving publ transport pri and
resisting private cas use 24.6% of them
‘ported that they would prefer to use by.
clestomoveatoundtheciy. butte red.
nat af anfude ace ot fvcutable or
that At ane of ysis ema dent 23)
reported, when you attempt to move long
the road cardrven tt iy andes
move along the sidewalks. ts resulted ina
‘negative aitude between pedestrians and
cls.

Concluding remarks
The analysis ofthe current tends of the
emergence of moral climate and ts impact
fon transpor network modeling in Banovo
ay suppor thatthe ar culture’ 6 an
inherent put ofthe consomeri syle
malitained by tadtomal mechanisms of
cl otre when everybody knows shout
Sreybodg and everybody knows that In
this conte, the ‘candied’ potes of
transport network modeling maybe coms
eds an ebtacle fo prometing the ight
to the ly for every solo apaial group to
tum ana into aegetisted cy
Nevertheless, the fc thatthe students in
Inanovo demonstate les ‘ar fendly at
tudes than the respondents in ttl may
te is relevant to searching fr the way of
consisting theme humanoriented and
emironmenaly Siendhy transport. ne
works In ti conte, while tempting o
rentre the local economy to develop
the knomledgebased indus, the lol
stories should aves the problem of
Social capa eration el in sta
‘restive professional othe city. Hence there
tar ne fr decision makersinthe key
ply ses, including transpor pole, to
relate their y day business 1 bono»
A great Innen. As à sl, he
monalclimaewitintheciy wouldbecome
moe favorable to promet the beter qual
iy of Ile and thus the sense of happiness.
In any ae, an mere inter plinay
nd horeca pprcch incorporan ci
ceci, economy ecology and govemance,
longs the echnical construction fes
sing transp newer, may be central in.
proidingthe ight tothe city regarding or
example transport nee model

‘hit ace has limito, as the any
es bul onthe resul testing ofthe
proposed research methods. AS a mater of
fact. theres theneedo andere primary
research to be based on mote representa
tive and nal relible dita cnderto
deepen the night io the process ofocal
castrcton of transport networks within
the ces ater sociale. This contbation
sobe considered a ncesay poli
sr stage providing anti] fomewark
forfunher seach inthis fel,

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BAC phe the and ih es
ep Te seal Comi ibi
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Gross Urban Happiness for
the Global City
Alessandro Marta

The paradox of happiness
Hala century ao Richard Eten pe be
defnion of famous parador, beyond
‘certain thehold f westh and wellbeing.
the level happiness of man stops incre.
ing. dec bythe pardon happiness begins
to decrease. The eases ar to be fund in a
mer of sor that ae inherent in the
complex ci and mind fn.
Ten yeas hve pase since overtaking the
y of man où the campaign. Toby mare
than Ralf ofthe inhabitants of planet Earth
lve in ban ares andthe phenomenon is
rowing an. Among afer dead vo third
[tthe wold popultion will be people and
vl iv in age numbers in ban nese of
Tange metal with ty Hordes and un
ps
Im many caes the uba metall. of
have ae tb ca, prone be very lL
Paholgies seem at tines neue taf
potion widepread rime new rms
Stacia Andthese an only the most bv
‘us diseases A garde thet remember
some signant dts and once asin, appa.
ely paradoxical Vehicles en get cc,
inthe mos drama ses mor than alto
‘ban open spaces the mary of the a is
patted and only asmal partis inmotion the
Seen ota macimum oftwo hous per
“dsp almost always the only set eccupany
À the deen the average speed e place
men, given the time Er the search of the
parking. very Io 2. 10 be compte,
On pt of medium length ttt of heb
th cst much higher than that eu
Ing fom the us ofpubletanspor In many
cases, tel on ft y biel on pub-
Tis tenen mt only hear, ba lo
cheaper and er eine longerthen only à
ater of philesophies view flee sat
which rants ito pester een And
gremerhappies.

The principle of public happiness
The economist and Nebel laute David
Kahneman, about home tecnologica, e
minds us that happiness depends nt only
wealth but ls the pos to decide on

many nos that fc cur ve i abe
ide the bai oi democracy Kahne-
nan. cominain the work of ey Bentham,
and Cesare Bars refines the concept
now as the Enlightenment principle of
public happiness. Whee it pats mere
espe deste moe sition, The philo.
her Filip ett srengthens his aque
the te ll concepts of edo ad
hed negative freedom Leandoeverthing
thatthe ln do not prevent me real,
‘erode positive fred lean not do every
thing Iwan though not crime, but some
ofthe things 1 wa), The third concept of
dom isthe posit of position in
publi ie.

ethical issues
‘The German philsspher Hans Jonas in is
say Te pple roya Es fo
Fedde cosa, achete man
he had become mote dangerous because of
the tue of wha ature was for him ons
stoodinthe middle ft principle ofhope of
nt loch nde principle of despair un
her Ander in thi way trying to combine
ina ingle model univers ethic andthe
pelicleconemierelm.

Umberto Gale writs, in Bal us
New elvis that oy. in the ae fee
ology, at and make ae very impor
words forthe desing of ets andthe fie of
man. The schneegsal man les and ls
abeto teat andtake actions inview ofa ur
pose chosen by him B ner que
15 pevorm the ations decribed and pre
sere, of hich may not evn know what
‘he ms and inthe ase know them, he does
ot however bebe inthis way thot who
woth only espana the conditions of
Hs wot, nt ts purpose This mode which
Fs defined ty thetechnlogesteulure baton
pushing subnet he ethical ripper.
Snaltesponsiiy. When asked How id he
feel when you doppe the atomic Bomb on.
Hiroshima? the plo replied Nothing, That
wen

The uit and pilsopher Norberto Hobo
cobsevedthat withthe passing yeas iwi
Ings wer incrsingl chastened some.
thing tht could be decried as a cute
etica though In is sy I lg della
Muza remembered 3) Arsotlisn ethics,
‘undetod asadiussion ofthe vis, ad
simon complete appart

pt ea ma | 9

1s Uta arios

Bobbi dew then the ethics of Kat mi
rently ei: ofdu In th contemporary
olde ethics of uty has become yon.
yous with thief rights and rules
‘The modem concept of msainbiy bases
is foundation on the ethial concept of
its and utes tothe point hat dein
tion more conse and effective tte that,
sustainably is achieved when we ae able
to say out needs without lminshing
the bility, fo cur children to meet the.
‘Tht ito ny, our duty o act without
Timing the rights of ther, present and
finos

Sustainable issues
Finally we reached the age of what we
might callan opetationa lance between
nature and technology. Environmentally
sustainable technologies. working for the
environment and not agan tring.
te considered finally 3 cultural vale. To
understand this type of thinking we need
te consider the architecture according to
litio vien ofan onganzation whe
‘wholeisa whole resterthanthesumof

parts, whichis bl to recognize, metabo
Fae. empatite with the environment and
iy resources and that help u to be amore

and to rf on the environmental limits
toch a diminishing resources, waste dí
pel the progresive and rapid increase of
the sources ef pollution

IE Jonas defends the sight tical nature
Sens does mote, In his book The natural
cor he give nature the stats of legal
ent we want fet continue. we must
severe the traditional anthropoeetre
respecte snd take a natural contract ln
which thew subjects ate man and nature.
These ae the basic of dep erlag that
wants to establish rule, rights and du
Shes Th importan hin sar tis Base
will not give into the sirens of the ant
humanist and ant modern. hal has
Sprosundlyunsiemife and therefore the
dangers eal No coincidence Umber Ve
tones has proposed an Alan fo See
and à Ba utr

Willd Quine sid tention, tion
Sometimes, provides values ha low you
to acid havingro decide

This fot, combined with the traditional
ile Akai th weakness ofthe wl Ar
ie gun that drvesusto make some
‘hme, choices at odd with what we tink
is good for us has caused and continues to
caste alot of damage in tly.

‘Avishai Margalit in his essay The Dest
Secta agus that contemporary society,
‘ven before hat right, mus aid to hu
rite and embarassite members. mus
beso, even pain those who ae not yet,
ut willbe, holders of ight,

Towards a sustainable and ethical
urbatetturs

The ue er Obesity ox at bet the
verve problem tha is worrying. in
different ways almas ll of the socalled
Sndotilized countries, The question is
vil role and perplexing, consider
{agin paraba Saladas the dawn cf
the tiré millenium, the distribution of
the roues ofthe plane. Thi ft means
hat even toda. in many parts ofthe worl
the main daly prblem sto have a proper
marion, to bave ile to est. Many ve
Seatches are warning that continuing with
the current rte, within few decades the
moy of adults in developed societies
pass fom simple overweight © obesy,
‘which no longer simply sn sees
tue of cur body, but ii a meti dí
se and social. And what fr wore that
Ati sun that this phenomenon ae acts
children,

‘The comments on the incest in body
weight combined with thos on anes in.
duced by esl, led sto beable to sy
that we liv in besogenie envionment
The sedentary ele that characterizes
the hours dedieted 1 studs, Lure and
wor fads to think that you ge nek
aly in ello to what and how you es
‘The dacourgement of phpicalInativiy
couldthen become poy inthe design
public paces and pete The li iy we
recent readin the print media andon the
internet I nothing more than a model cy
that imite, promotes and facts the
ovement. R makes therefore, happer.
However avon happenswhenyouwantto
promote aconcetcbetvely dense of pos
tire andintersting yuan lintothe tap
of cvesimpliing soltions and propose
tevialthingsor at wort resets: propose
rarer Suet and wider sidewalk hos
without elevan, less remote comal.
televisions, ae condones and ft fod
Not ony withthe promotion of sal good
practice tht youcan fi. We wil nt ve
tr demonizing the conveniences that
the progress we make avaible This pre
econ at best each the aim of making the
cy bu noto fit The god patces are
important fom the point of view of qual,
at often insignfiant home quanto
point fin.

Be design spaces ofthe cy would ime
prove the quality fe ofthe average zen.
The quay of fe which tend na only the
pilosa bar alepycholgca rely
important fis tte remove str.
“spose thecarfromourlie eins
ot pese foreveryneritscbvcus.alithe
considerations on which we ae thinking
sonia Nothing personal
"There is no doubt thatthe pedeseanztion
aan paces produces wel em mu
pl vieupains Ase fomthe bis ince
the ofthe movement, induce soc
mong individuals dca pation and
‘he phenomena of pty cine: combined
withthe smal tale abo promotes ed
verificando.

Fodesiaize spa can alo help character
isethe Ecological ostra in pois em
‘ronment in which we work live ad play
Walle or bike means having à pecera
espere of the world mall complet ll

five senses ate involved and they ae with
human dyin. The dam perception of
space has writen very well and the French
Philosoph Paul ir, 19 describe this
ew concep conedtheteem dale And
Zyamunt Bauman, in his deteripton of the
Tiguidsovey.exphinsacuttly the ets
ofthe increasing speed ofthe fates that
‘harctenie moder fe. The pl seco:
A shows that these effets impoverished
Sleming i down, the sedimentation process
Sfundemtanding karning and development
for expeienses. The subsequent resul is
general impoverishment ofthe sf.
ion ol ur wisdom which tends o remain
opera

ut sim iy. you can find some interes
ing example because somewhere something
as been done There ae ces ike Oslo Nor
sop. Germanys Munster he Swedish Malo
ering with success. modes that goin this
‘ection The case of Malo e paiclay
yr, because in 200 he bulk a great
‘eighbothood wher the sais bined inew
‘yay life and it mainly Sr well defined
nec ag komtheemergeney andre the
runter ofgocd.In this plae the term sue
anal has ben ecined in ls many
vious aspects environmental soca 60.
nomic and we might ad. mental

‘The buildings have ben designed and man-
feted tothe highest principles of Bi
mato ateitecture for which they have à
Timited energy consumption so they do nor
ed to connect to publi networks. Some
produce more energy than they consume
The separate collection of hesehald waste
à through à clletion sytem prune
underground. The putfstion of water is
chewed through phytoremedistion Rest
Sndfacades ares clr caller and hotel
ice. The outdoor ares ll eden,
se perfec in every detail andofferchiensa
gresdenof laestostopandialk walkand
Jog play: in word to social An kan
parade that the dream o every acest.
‘who pus as prit values of professional
his and envzonmentl stanly.
‘They ae untorunxely not able 1 provide
dscaomtbe weight fthepoputin. watch
ná wonder Mas is certain a lim iy,
tuts inhabitants ae leaner than average?

In Oklahoma City one of the twenty cis
fast of Ameria, the mayor said that che
of his goals would be to lose fur unde

tonstoitsnhabitans by seo. The objective
st range when ou consider thatthe
theme of Obesity, malnuiien and oven
tition tha become one ofthe hot topics
Inthe electoral programs of the American
ais InLondenit proposing set
Cooking clases in elementany schools and
to et fee ca to hose who are obese for
to much fod They wee even etablithed
‘rcs othose slimming Medial testment
rase med overnight ae in,
3 significant cos 10 the community: one
‘igh sugges the gan tha people get ft
lso delete you In Londons als born
new figure who provides vie on ake
ative pedestrian paths: cost ten milion
pounds, br id fll by twelve percent ear
(ie andinctese ofthity one bicycle money
well spent In Europe including ha. they
Are valle programs andthe promatin of
VA Treat he Archdiocese as po
noted a waiver Lenten car an ofecologí
Esfinge ct when vewed fcr
the penipestve ofthe dnote eflectionon
the sil ole ofthe car but lo ethically
med promoting bet practice uefa o
fsfegund the environment inwhish we ve,
Happiness inte scie.
recemsincrdibe butters alo the other
Side ofthe coin, Tete is apt ofthe bg.
sphere called fosphere, a community
‘ht claims the thought fat postive mine
thatthe remet hurt Puts fcour ls
questioned the aston, proposed all he
med advertising that being thin means be
Sng more esta et his ati
counter is tall increasing. The human
Being rel fn ndunpreicsle,

My innate opimism leas me tosay o cone
de these rit consideration. thst man
as always soled problems and then wit
doit again. The remedies describe have
A igniant tet nthe solution of the lo
Sue of oerweight in any ease. at presen and
Inthe igh of whats see seems to
continue its relentless rte? The problem
of eesti Hay tobe saved, ut In not
So sue that the rads ae india a ee
tive although they at seal and shouldbe
‘pumuedwith ena. determination ands
ey. tendo tink mote elta hat
bey will perhaps dees. in mo eae,
‘hema pil colored with micas
powers, We cannot forget that man is che
‘nly animal Rad envi an self desing.

nt cen very dangers fr one
Self and for eters tis spable of being in
via very smart but also sui
very stupid sometimes to solve a problem it
eater others

Inthis gard, about the contin between
‘vce and ue and happiness id you know
{hat the increase of ornweige i inversely
popanonaltothereducionftsbarcoe?

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Urban regeneration
and liveability trough a
sustainable approach and
a new system of public

spaces
Assunta Martone, Marchela Sepe,
Serena Micheletti

Introduction
The process of whan enews underway for
shout tery year In Europe, concen a.
fs bandoned by productive activites Oat
therefore hos residential commercial cal
‘srl ad sevice functions,

‘The complets of preis tht ae to be
implemented require a song integration
between the diferent modes implementa
fon place of Brownfield eb new pb
Tie spaces tha enhance or crete new urban
lundeape, and allow the respon
ofthe cy by resident (Lady 2000 Zin
1999. Though hese process, the cites ae
ingtooreome he challenge feompek
tiveness by cating trace environment
hat ae letter em economies Farida
2009) Cena Buropan examples ar sig
if and ts possible to daw lessons and
18902 price, and although sil ongoing. it
ds posible to identify hey issues and rat
spe (Sep, 200: Sepe az Sep, 2010
1 Like Bench cies tha pay atetin on
weil, sustainably. parution and
pale private parte sey elements of
repenertion( Martone Sep, 2082)

Since soyea France involved by an inte.
(ing urban generation peces which im
prete quali le in terms ofeconam
de soil and ereronmetal sussinabili
Punhermore, Pace has decid vo decrease
y 205 Rs emisor of greenhouse guet
nating some Ito eich this purpose in.
‘hg: Stage nial de Kukpenene
dual in fly 2003 «Plan climate 2004,
Li de programme ant es orienten de
a poltgue éeétiques 2005 conf n
20 ww Grm] GUL In oderoillus.
ie the proces ofegenetion an overview
ofthe French planning tobe nein:

‘The SCOT (Seen de clove trai is
the departmental document tht coordinates
the fre tete and program joint
developers, ensuring coherence between

‘he wai plan rar level
‘The main French urban tol ie che PNR
roman National de Renan Urban.
tablished by an Act of August 203 which
Fea higheclvel tol to tenor plane hat
pestes in abut son diss to standard
the National terio atends on housing.
ab bildigs and ban development o
Joel soci ierences special inte mas
isdrantaged areas. These Kinds fas in
de the 208, Zaewdanesosile which re
chantre bye aban qual fw un
spaces, lation ck of flies ans high
concentration fame with economie and
social ft sa es of sproponien.
between residents and cespation ( www.
snails sont were mein.)
By soos French ZUS an 751 comprehensive
of ga milion ch inhabitants 7356 of op
Ins and hey ae subvided in 2RU-Zees
de Balam Urbe prenne high
Incecuption. fe degrees fe potential x
and 270 «Zones ranch Ube that have
the same character of ZRU bat with
smote zens (0) which need more ten
ont asta incentive for companies ele
inthetentry One ct PNRU objetesiso
estore he ZUS estate in 2997 andend-
(din December 2014 In amy 201sthey
ve been replaced with 1.300 Quarts Fr
rs (GP). €: Bonnet Gaby 2014 ww.
ona)

To ensure the implementation of PNRU, an
agency was esablished with an at of Au
os 200) The ANKO Agave Naina our
Ta Rev Una manages publi pee
‘ndings andtendstotheintegatinthacugh
employment The bard of dicos has 36
‘ember spree ning he Sate, tecnicas
andere that are neretedinschl
housing ANRU objectives are the region
of sadantaged neighbourhood inthe cy.
the cretion of social mix and functional
mix everywhere integrating public poe,
owing choc, ell stitutes and shops
nan)

‘The ban planning ofie provides foreach
development gency the elikortion of a
150 (Prot Sa ice Operation which
shoud bring the agreement sate see
spd teal documents The 50 la Bae
on the guielns ofthe planning toss and
‘organs ston toe taken in net year
regarding housing. the timetables, operation
Wanna.

‘Thiol dividen two phates The ie
ds mainly an analysis fhe etry and its
Teg em sommimens 1 frame the sate
les. The seconds an perl plan nthe
Imeiumterm fuer ations ieton.op-
sions and projets (EA, 2010 EA or
viure plieduvacó, The muni
al planning is regulated by PLU Fon Leal
{Urn ntepted by PADD + Poet
Aménager ade Dawkpponme Duals
reee and improve the independ the
réonment FU replace bel plans and de.
Be standard design hing aes, sul a
ss bull dimensions and ems reseed
ones fo ue publ blogs Rare paths
and akerative ansporatons Ars that
hve not Fe theclde ofthe iy Tey a
‘heerage ftheciy andhave SMV Fl de
Satan de Mien Vale -besase they
nly eed be preserved and al wi.
fat design improvenests (weedeat
meeting
Saringromthese pres im fthe paper
isoihteatethe emblematiccate NC
Laca in PowveahssChe dr region,
which represents 3 bs practice of stain
sberegenetion,

Nee Che dazu metcpal tough many
ba prot dere to improve lies
iy and usa. is investing strong
‘rege inorder o become the et e
ln Mé tran The idea to asim ot
nly the cy ente ut alo suba, The
poses ofuban enovatinisto "Divers
nd improt the supply of housing. open the
teightourlood and edeelop publ spaces.
Invest the exiting uan Ari 1 fight
Seins urtonsprawprmotfcilandeso-
entrain ofthe nant ofthe
rlghtoshoods"(UNCA e AL 20259)

In this fist French metropolis fie ban te
pereaons were activated by ANRU in four
reightourhood intervening on co hou.
ings implican apoco people The regener
on & inspired o sustainable development
model regarding social environmental and
nomial themes (NCA, 2010)

Anal the cy applied he FLL Only the am.
lent pats ofthe town ld cy and ancient
pot: hae pie pan approved 293
eid in 996 PMY (Flan de Sage
de Mise en Vs) seal thi wrong
enti giventy les hoialtense we
take ner excel are ede
pre (NCA, sore weh)

The deciptonofthe process ofmgenertion
wl ecu on the main areas an pela:
ies fte operation til inc including
mixed use areas Ccoexemplaié, and 208
(ones Vibes Sens,

The Nice Cte d'Azur territory
‘Me Ce Fan (NCA) metros is placed
in the PrameAlpo.cte dAzur (PACK)
French region that in Ales Martine de
partment tw constituted in amy 3012
withthe wn” 15632010 withthe merger
49 municipales including 3000
zens to inerate also disadvantages areas
in urban regenertion The teritoy of me
tropel is formed by taco Kina, encod
the area between Alp and the Sea thatthe
<éminisation intends to promote both
‘withtoursm anda asusainsble excellence.
(PA, 20 woewnieectedazaog)
‘The hesdquiters ofthe NCA Metropolis is
Nice 719 lo whic isthe ith geste
in France, with cut 38.00 citizen (3007)
(OTE NICE, sors) In I teo there
se present 73.000 km of een spaces, 38
fatal spaces and 171 parks and ardent,
enough ocancompee the eee
Fe Mona Since 2008 pren spaces
ae added at 50 hectares thanks 10 green
projects, also inthe iy cette such as fr
example, Promenade de Fall ut lo 10
en operaion ae «saves of» (wn.
petits afiches, The PL of Nice was ap
provedby Genera Counsiofthe Metropolis
in December 23,201, nd mediiedin 013
and 361 The purpose to fem Nicest an
international metropolis expecting among
thers. the constuction of shout 3.909 ts
ences. of which 50% of Socal Housing
(BANCA, 20) Rgarding tis purpose, PLE
PryammeLecalde Hate: ee or
the pied 20102015 10 dcrese disadvan.
fuged housing. cree residences with
afferdble prices, 10 promote sustainable
ose apto the needs fall soi lev
ls educingthe soil gp. The appreach is
le or this cae, economically, sally and
emeironmenal tano
Metropolítan a ls divided in ple de a
pra (mses) : La Cage, Cre,
Br Lita Nes, Vésab, Te, Oust Var to
voi ner zos wih similar charters
to manage them more coco ring
themes such a cad maintenance, lenin,
e (nt

‘The mot teresting projets ol metrpotis
ICA ae ae tthe cy of Mic, presse
Jy in Bast zone and Plane e Var hatin e
yes began an ara of innovation and co
‘omic power in which the mos interesting
pest. mpeg sutainail the Eo.
Valle Pine d Vas creed in 207, is the
mos impertat ON - Opéra ded Na
tinal. Esad on stable development A
‘Pee becomes an CIN cal pts coher-
ot with oral guidelines, sn which thas
so economia and opel impar.
‘hey hve pci gal epi which do nt
aes administrative division bt consider
unique teren lo guding bide
sio envicnmental asbl and un
Transports (wwsesovlke plaieduvar 15
municipales and 216000 inhabitants are
Included in Pla de Var copying 10000
esse terior which 46 are alli
(EPA 20140) The main purposes oo Vallée
ae resto, presen and promot the envi
ment, develop satire projets and
encoge one and socal metropolitan
raies (EPA, nah

ropa in Ei Valle aim toproenethe en.
ing sto regenerate what ere deleted
and include binden in development
‘iret, Becoming the main experimentation
tentes fr urn planning. The man pur
poses of tis area ae stable techno
fe. ea, quen develop The geral prof
ft fo Vallevslusyoyensandis vided
intwophase The fist during er in er
ert begin the mai projet and the second
toendthem, Tieskmofewinnmertdani
seclalsussiabiliy in Ero Vallis impor
to become one ft 2 French BC
Fine du Vrti projects std Grands
Arenas (internal Busnes Dit)
Ted Ne Mori, La Brant
(ogibusiness hub), Sa Bie (eo
Pate, Lavan, Vea N, Le Meal he
res oars syste 95 in Grant
Arts), Aline Riera sadn, Prode de
Pale, are du Susi ae sooudinaedboy
Jose is Mates David Mangin e Aran Gi
vache.

san important aspect. chiens ate well pre
puted to new end to put humans a o-
agonia of urban contes Besse the im-
‘provements obtained by changes highlight
the positive rend Both forthe city and or
people othe economy takes advantages.
neo.

‘Theswtchtomoremtsinable new islet
(susainable in thee sense of the wor:
cconomieal social environmental, lu
ing tel housing and publi li. is the
seal and inthe same me ithe author, of
‘than generation bse athe at purpose,
‘nthe sation of human needs with pa
‘Sule ation tothe pyehologial ado
lolol

In the following the most important res
hd pect ofthe segenerstion projet will
Bein,

The regeneration process
Macticraess

A ge prof urban segenerion projet
withthe purpose of providing mixed fine
Sins ae inthe Pla da Var tex Mined
ses including resident dust tour
is activites, ae present to incre employ
ree sng and social le, The new t=
gy i to decree vacant aes performing
(dered eis in diferen nome
Lady (NA 2010)

“This neghbourhocd unites he exiting com:
real dict of 0 hear ith the new
port of st ha which will have mail
hh Fae do agost, hosing nd shop
In RCA metropolis in the ro Valle area
Sie by BPA. urban regeneration is ound.
among other in Ara neighbourhood
xenon called Grand Aréna ti ote
ecween Rate Grade Nori, Var river
West, Aras neighbourhood (Es) anda
pot and Promenade de Angin (South). The
Pot, concerning sr hectares coord.
rated by [Luis Mito Mates Argues)
choc and urban planen even Were
ents designed by diferent architects who
veto support the main ides The place was
shaped to the eablihiment of companies,
including internsionals hankstothestate
election earthe Net Azur por
(send in Face for number of twee)
andihe Mediterranean ea These charter
isis. including sustainably, make i the
fight place to companies inten to expand
in scuthern Europe. e il includes 0000
o hcusng subdivide in 130 residence,
CE which 30% In social Rousing condi
to Srenghen the socal dimension. 400000
ric fics 11000 n° equipment, of
‘which 65200 or the Paredes Beit,
100000 maf Shops and seizes The works
Calendar provided the beginning in 01

wth publi consultor and the end in
2017 withthe delivery of fos buildings and
the cosection ofthe tramway MINA de
EPA 2013: EP, 2012: MNCA & EPA. sor
sworwacoalleesotedizucom)

Inthe neighbourhood of Grand Areas the
Parcs Bust peje isthe mes sgt
cant because art tours fom ll rer
th worl hanks 0 the events cried cat
in 65000, of which exibition space or
35000 vitor andthe execution of interns
tional exhibition emerge nthe aa there
se 20000 mi of atl, room of ofen
and housing. 40000 m of shops. public f-
es and equipment. The werke suned in
01 witha publi consution and vi en
in 2020 ithe delivery ofthe cnt, ar
‘theenpropains provided fr 2017 andthe
tedevelopment of tramway (MNCA & EPA
so

‘Among the projects coordinated by the EFA
in the Ball is notable the Tre
Needed, cent to Melis neighbour
hood and Alin Riera, prea
over 26 hectares of metopalitan trary,
on be expanded up to 10 hectares, which
fs coordinated by Chan Devils ban
che in cllboation with groups of
engineer socoegia and cher profesion»
A The peoguphy of the place mods the
bn projet diving the area in muero
Docks, Chin Tord. EFA Fane Var
President, remembered that enronmenta
ly sustainable model mic functions and
one growth given by cllboraonbe
Feen intuction teenth and production
sete thee purposes. In the natural Backs
Se present residences, office, shops. and
cy servic el toners The tchno-
pole isthe lace ft centres ightech
snes incubator, arta inculto At
resul tb space. moreover the publ. ise
signed with comorking spe, digital con
teens central squats ong promenades and
ig park to sd intepesonlweltionships,
‘improving the ssh indusıy contacts and
encourging een and retetonal ac
Fires In Rane this the es eche
cal prkinsde the y thes rein sub,
this aes defined smart iy Lt eh.
“Stet br good cy cha igh ene
canelle sulle performance,
‘ath education and ren technology will
be present. An important économe and ur
tha growth will bon by synergy between

niente and parten The inst thst
rome the innovation and saree ithe
RED (tie Menue Rise e
Breet de Dévcepronet Daal
Jed by the Univesy of Nice Sophia Ant
pal (wine pesegence) The energy 9.
tem, called Smart Gd was opined with
considerable swing fr uses New saps
ná ltionships maketh Tels the
most important rate ity ofthe area ge

ng ro ent There bulläingespc-
ity of 207000 m There wi be 2600 m of
ecocampas 47.00: cfeidences vided
fn 2:00 dedisted to reearhers stents
and leal woes, Eco maf fies and
companies 10001 vided into hotels ser
vices and shops, 280001 for esearch Bo.
rates spots and recreo! wiles and
Ereenspaces tis aplacewellonnected with
the rest ofthe aa a Grand Arca neg
touthood andthe international pos, with
the help of the East West tramway. In the
yous 20132013 thee wasthe Design athe
titan prot adn so thee willbe ei
ing ofthe fist buildings There sache:
"ston between public and private br 60%
cofteitery is managed by publ authorities
spd work reste about 1000 employment
(GINGA & BPA, so: EFA osx MICA &
EPA. sota wwwaccrallephinedivac
wwsicestedazureng: wenpiesegense
m

Sustain pets by the écarté pro
Green techo ls only one ofthe tech.
igus to have envionmentllysuisble
Pike indeed ts ao cesto py at
tentiontoth to existing landscape and waste
management, esegy and wet tmp.
one. This process called serait
established 13 Eos in France, The min
papes of are an notices.
tion 10 bl and management instalation
ofshippes let et encourage and
improve he use of them and Ina the
number of publie spaces fra beer sci
Bil and to se the a urban laboratory
tofindsltions ana eat ofthe Medi
aan zone One of which lin NCA Me.
trop formed by 3000 estres Iced in.
the then very of Ham da Var sr
sted between Bare Ligstire (Nor) and
the sport and Sat Laurent da Var Sut
Inthe És ae, led by the EPA ther a

a poets someofwhich ar Grand Argan,
Nee Mada and La Bare gate our
purposes of + ite projets in Nee Cte
Azur egurda esporileurbaniton wih.
mong ther inter urban manage
men = stable tapon sytem with en
increasing of tran and development of
eus sem, a fit energetic ate
my wing termas and ecthermal
ses central and the cet to will ke the
inelgent cy ofthe for MATEO c AL
sors wwwscovälectedanncem: ww
Serie plineduwsekn wedge.
cc

La Born Lgstère hubs Stute in mu
vicipliis of La Gade and Sant Laurent
e Var near Var River andthe fre MINN
Cae taza (Mode eee Nata, The
purposes profit is mainly economie, The
projet expects an extension of toco
in 25 estres wit pss o extend in
der to begin the mos important rod
“nd hote ha The ato increase
ay ca pul and improve gi
es La Brame design hs continuity ih
rotor and urban Lingotive neighbour
hoods landscape which i Reste on the
ter ide liver Par of the poet ruses
ting biligstintegatetbeminto new
projects The works ae scheduled fot 5 eas
(Gora the year of consultation, 206 the de.
Try f food plat) (MAA Ec EPA. on
secon lined mies
sonore

Sat lei eighth in Ero Valle,
ear Alle Kiera Stadium. extended on
$ estare designed prima fr envio
real purposes (Cour, Beny peck
et consider housing. series and shops
signed with sustainable technologie =
url light recylble and owrimpct ma
ters, geothermal ener fof garden, et.
ls vate parten ms epet Pt
cf the plan An examples IKEA which wil
‘penthe malin 016 bandoningthe clas
formar o use glas weed and underground
pking t Impact as ites posible on the
environment and landscape. Ths urban re
generation makes the plc so ecgaieable
thatthe investment will be parted by
commercial turis, lo om Kay (me
taie}

In ation othe neighbourhood thee
axe a et of projets regarding arbitral
regeneration, The Gran Aras neighbour-

‘nso ide nbc nchdingstandout
the lt 3. eat Re Cat Aven ed
signed by Dominique Pera, composed by
1.00 mi which 000 m’ ff and shops
and 10000 ma by hoe cite BREEAM
‘Belin energy ceificaon Envitonmen-
tal sustainable techniques of design and
mangement reed conmumpilans about
30.45%, using solar panel control siem
‘flighting and temperature and heat pups
that wie prune The works ae shed
‘led in years 20142018 pa rhin
VAN NCA 200)

Inthe same neighbourhood wat designed by
he Mie City the Aig Ria Sa
by Witt Ai arche Vine
‘Concessions, The sim ofthis project wast
Show thats pesiblecgarize aw envio
metal impact events and dations. The
metal and wood che decrees of 000
tons carton diode emisions gesthermal
energy mutual ir conditioning and water
covery ate present, The exces of energy
ante rie nthe San hide neighbor.
sd There se ss resent besides stam.
entertainment inching shops, revaurnts
nd national mussum of port (wie
main.

Among he poets not regarding en is
ii, but Imponan or the redevelopment
‘here retire inthe ity centre of Mie: Fae
Mesa, Pme de Pal, and Ge de
Sud The program INRQAD (rap a
mal deren des quart an >
ra) tht parie is urtanenoetion
ren of housing (in accordance with OPAH
RU) rings yeas more pull spaces ev
ton off, and pedestianisation of ome
Urban emotion about Promenade Falls
redeveloped ares connect old and new
town Mic, reaching tothe vete de
Alas The contacto projets Marre
Net un ae amongthe anne
Ré Fea ondas as el of e
vance erie metropoltn tenor. This
am ban pa a extend for sa hectares
though various neighbourhoods, using di
ferent woods toga blooms all yee thanks
to the Medteranean climate that permit
the plating of décent species, sa ith
‘shout 60000 of plants tee andahrubt e
Isa place designed as butonhole of ban
regenera of Nie becuse he Ihre

sustainable principles social tangy wed
yall ens como (with a og im
provement of tourism) and environmental.
‘The park has astron impact on the ero:
sy aves f rent spaces and actes
A6 am cut a and musi exhibition in
tonte „oo ma of wate mis wih
este ets, uds, gas and sprinklers o
‘reste high visa an emotional impact,
and wooden toy fr children that are pes
fot Tse ae the main purposes that make
ita place cf wellteing and with one ofhigh-
et gully of publicas Inthe pst there
as nr covering Flirt
inwassubstttedythegreen space. opened
fn 2013 (nico wot ouringshbit
ON

The South station renovation «Gare di Su
in the Lotion eighbouhood at cy cen
tie of Nie, expes the Elabdenvicamen
tslysustsinalecetiction ING Rea Bae
Daciymat Geichen e Robert & sche
shite) images an high guy of pubic
paces achieved by ancen ton reve.
pment (1892) and new architecture. The
Diet aims to preserve and enhance the
historic sense ofthe ateawith some devises
such a ray included inthe ld balding
(pened in 213) Redefintiongves vera
Any tospacespemiting toute them foro
ofactivites in erry hour ofthe ayo eno-
‘eal neighbourhood Biclmate designs
prided by use sol panel oo gardens,
Andaminimalimpact of yards Underground
Pain los (700 on 1000) do nt Impact
regaivey on landcape. The bung ares
ls 28600 mi of which 33701 ae wed for
Shopping centre, shop, auras and u
permarkt, 147010 cndor market 10500
sof publicspace and 67 tent residence
Cersipped with plc spares povided for
them) and 6 housings including 4 soils
nd ome experimental device designed for
ste needs (ricota),

Zmeurbane Seit
In Face some dndantged areas defied
ZUS Zoe Urbane Ss, ze present and
Supported by the FRU (Pros de Ré
tn Urban), with the Snail help ofthe
ANU. Inthe Apes Maritimes etry there
se § AUS thie ofthese ae located inthe
y Mco, one divided between Nice and
Sunt Ande aná te ats ested in Valla
ss puig.

In ic the sighbcurhoads finer tothe
case study ate Ariane (ote end in var
us munies and Pasteur inthe
taser

The neighbourhood of Faster is à ZUS ates
sine in Noms o the cy near Wet
Side of allo ser. ws he inchaded in
FRU Programme Navona paw Bora
thon Urb) by ANR in 005 has 5400
inhitans and urban segeneation ted to
improve te gusty of fe and rede the so
cil ferences theeugh actions fui 79
essing redevelspment (uni), demo.
tion (9 apartments) and conso 3st
ome) The demalton e essay whe the
redevelpment which mos have stant
fetos iseconomicallydsadvanagecus An
her ape rend to elt the quality of
Lie fans isthe edevelopentfthe Pl.
Bienen wih ike puts and pedsuan
ss and the Masque tha eds
reacio and payes

Inthe Nor Eat zone of, inte la de
Fall the Aime nghtoushoods sted à
hs 12000 inhabits, 3% ar young people
to ensure fo not go may fom the aes
In agreement wäh the ANRU sine 5007 he
‘vine FRU (Dept de Rex ba hs à
‘sronginfuense onthe ma sit decide
to dvideitinewo phases. The fs fom 2007
to 101 simstoincesiethevalecfthe neigh
beurhood which is a 28U Ge Pare Ub
wih companies ein 203 ines
porstedinabreaeruibanregenration ost
‘one Redevelopment elude pr ht
Sant Moves s res annexed The second
phase of PRU began in a, he sds ofthe
Full River were adapted the project the
riers ested were hod and works of
‘he at phase mes ised NCAR CAM.
011) General ban prot eared the
redevelopment of publ spe and venta
on fai which led the octet
ofthe FH (Propane Lc de Taba o
incre sch deelopmen and improve the
gly fle. 45¢tesdeces were dem.
3st were redeveloped und 373 bull In 2003,
some lands wee expopied o bl Sc
Housing to ale or et to people with small
incomes, Among Puli services designe, Be
trary post fie Fle of use, shop Pub.
espace pons centre ndsteieningeftuns.
pst wer und (ANRU E AL 2007 MBCA
SAM. on ENG NCA, zoo: np.
Lepra tpl gional

nie winnie
Vieux Nice re (cl town) is the iria
nour hea ofthe his aimed
by the sen a South. andthe covered Palla
Wes: Hera independent pny PLUS Nise
is ve, the PMV (Fan de Sate de
Micon Vala, approved in 1993 and medi.
fein 297. The ars ilus adnate
ling There à song interes in urban
redevelopment to improve the quali fife.
A neighbeurbosdwah aa hop e
‘suri and a morose othe eters:
ment fs but ab tithe plc
Citron tities fae. Thesen
densely populated 17.900 habits in an
Sra of 70 hears has considered a ZU 36
result of oretowding which aes the tal
eva br dress qua compar
‘oscil housing Again the concep st im.
presence one ea demas am
Socie seplsngtemoetheviormently
sustainable binge neces incre
‘he commen economy and improve ples
nd publ ems The tems of prt a
expected in 37 yeas fom 222 une
eesedannangrrwsibpedlang)
‘The Mol nage a 230 (Zw de
ebrio Uta anderen inter
(se haan fest male est
Phe social tos are the mest considered
(peoples the pr), The ae is ated in
‘he Eo Valli between the cee Nice and
Val de Va, inchding 1300 inhabits and
los 300 svi haus, The prj cor.
ined by STOA tht clout with cher
profil fem pl erase
IRs in posi to poets as Grand rus,
Telnet Med Matos MIN hab
that the work of demolition contra
‘enti and openings expected 950
yea They gan in orowähtherement
the ANRU and late depart fx haus
ng Thi it signed in sor (for the years
20122018 y the mayor cf Nie and the 37
Partners 1 suppor aciers and
few pesto develop the etry. Tela
ni exectd ines 2013017 y ijt
econ of 0 The pe didedin
two pss the fist gad the improvement
the hing while second pr concerns
public spaces Every rate bie ha had the
Inproving othe energy las his recestayto
improve commer tes, fr mor sees
employment and fies such as Basins >
tel community ens, pot and pubs

ce places tri tne feraient
And etermal customer The egenerion of
the dic eto make the plc att,
to improve manigerent and to stor sch
ab and relatos (ne fe wee
ES
wanna

Conclusion
The ren process which has been
prsiened inthe paper concer the Nee
Ce Azur (NCA) mesos, placed in the
Provence lps Cite fans PACA) Pech re
fon. Aim NCA à become the lle tote de
Ta Medrovaér Athough the proces silt
fn sue the projects which te planed and
‘hose which have been completed give the
posit to identi ate practise with
espec vest and sustainability tpi
Cen ae well prepared to new trend to
put humans 39 proto of kan con
test because the improvements cine by
Ganges highlight the peste tends oth
in urban and sell pot of view ao the
economy thes sante a comequene).
There more saranake ne yes
(cusainoble in the sens of the or
sconomicl soil ensirenmena), ecko
ing traves, housing and publ Bs the
es, and in the ste time the author. of
stan generation bse. the ist purpose
‘onthe sation of human needs with pur
‘ular atento he pyeholgical and +
Siegener.

The metropolitan amas divided 7 Je de
la penal (macroaes) La Cap, Cre,
Ps Litera, VE, Te, Oust Varo
voi ner ones wits character,
to manage them more cocoa TRE
themes such as road malnteranse, leaning
ande

‘The most iteesing rots of meropois
INCA ate acento the hy of ise, precie
in East sone and Fane Ya

‘Te genera de st tanto not only the
centre but alo abut with apprsch
‘sed cn sustainably and vest. Parc
lr interes I posed on isa rs,
(lined ZUS (Zme Urbane Sel, sch =
Ariane apd Pasteur where the aim I teim-
roe the galt fe and duce the social
rence through tions of ling ree
velopment demstion and rcortntion,
‘Another spect ented oe he quality

fle often, the redevelopment ofthe
Fallon rieron with bike paths and pes

tran areas andthe Macca quae ta in.

hades relating and pay areas

‘an interesting as o the operation of
transformation is the technology used or
‘waste mansgement energy and water con

amp. called Eoevenplnté which
cabled 15 Baas in France, The main.
purpose Ec ae twa Ft, anenegetic
iso bulk and management nal
Ton of shipper for electro eats encour

ge and improve the we ofthe Second the
increasing in number of publi paces fr 3
ter socblty andtousethemasan wan
Laboratory o ind sktons agin hes of
‘he Mediterranean goes our purposes of a
ct pee in Ne Ce Aur ar ae

sponsible rbanisaien with among thers.
ineligen win management = à tanspon
er with an ncesing of tame and.
development flics sem.

Fa among prjc not rio ene
sin bat important forthe generation
process Gare de Sas one ofthe most nes.
sing The Such sion notation = Gre
desu intbe Loren napa net
(ae à Nte, expects the Bchbel environ:
metall sustainable ceca. ING Rea
Est Developpement (hen e Rear &
assise achtet) images an high quality
of plc spaces achieved y ancient tation
redevelopment (189) and new achete.
‘The projet ait preseweandenhancethe
Hiriasense the asa il ome devices
such sa ray inch the ol balding
(opened 2013) Redon pres versa

to space permiting se them fra
cof actives in every hou fhe dy to eno.
sete sllneghbourhood. Boca design
provided by use of solar panels. roof gardens,
sda minieatimpae fats.

bai are duro de
ANOS sop opt Ure du quer

‘ime Pit Gout Ac Fl
Sorat (207) Creme ra Lt Rena.
cnc CONG COMMUNALTARE NC,
(Ge) atten ns chen dci ee
E rmvb aera esos ance
An detec von Ace an bays
BAT Colo Nl de ht
ham io peep de

BA, (sone. og de ore PB vale
im ec Ehre

‘har Peres Sr magnon
Er dal Eire i a
A one) Ave tanta eter
‘eros ee me Cort reales
Dan AAC MEA D Sage
eme ot Ace ane or

a Gora monde Peel. on
‘Stason pont nina pode

EPA Goud) Rar ele Po Le
‘op sate oa Aes ene

Boe meme wen
Sa ete
Peer
Se
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Sense
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UREA mémorou mexcoraniy
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rellenan

The Re-appropriation of
Public Space as a passage
to happiness

Nicolas Mais

‘The unsepzate stil nd social relations
the intersomestons between power and
spice inthe iy andthe elation that space
ive with the socal steatiestion and in
squat, are basis for the spatial acens
Sh esential on ler the slain be.
een happiest and ston space

The paniculriy of contemporary Greece,
aho seems that of ly’, comity In the
fat that the social groups dont compete
fe pola power a as Gramsel (Gramsci,
197157) was wrking for domination over
antaonisie groups but pricipal for
public space 1s an ant hegemony pace
whose importance increases ifwe consider
thatthe wider inition strategie ofthe
represion inches abo parties and syd
‘ales and set not onto pre al fos
protest bt to implementar the desirable
(or power) conser. the enemy of socal
emancipation (op) and à “que” homo.
aed publi space (odes)

les commonplace, but won 10 be men
one, that city admis mukiple readings
and decodestions Goudie, 198s, Cs
tells 2996 Fuca 993, Cotten 294.
Harvey, 1973, lfebvie gyn, Massey 1984,
Weight, 200. Uy. 996

With the present paper tytodea cut how
public space ad its planning, fom dich
plate instrament frtheobigsed mas.
Scan betransmuted into a Sed of multiple
forms of resistance, capable to mutate the
enforced herrehy and play à cuca prt
for the selfemanepaton ofthe socal et
fon ie hishappines.
Assale pont was based onthe consider
sion tha history isan open Bede ing
moulding and transformation ofthe soll
reins though social const that al
sways manes pale space Now and.
ing Feyerabend's principle of autonomy. the
ft subs independently fom the ps
Lethecres that con nterpetatethem only
ty everaying and net necessary inconigu
ah each ther Like so, Leone the
massive prot, marches, cts in Grece
(between 1022013 in Geckorcured 3268

sch of protest itp marches cs and
‘eepations à number hat confronts ony
swith period lan May 2967-2977)
her with he theoretical approaches of
David Harvey and Altdo Bonanno in à
comenttion may in ode to rspond ad
at the same way te mate the seguent
(question publi urban space bmutsted
om boton up patel nd mor pei
callow the mutation f the banspaceis
pale ft that dies tothe pe 10
‘he subversion andtohappinen,

1, accordingly Cobos, we can describe the
mas imp of changes that tock place
from the succession of generations by ob
Serving the layer ofthe modern ban am
ent 35 palimpsst nawadays,cbseing
the urban pattern ofthe ches we can de
tect the intense presence af the dominions
plan But thee acy non autoritarios?
The experience responds negatively with
the exception of Marinaleda in Andalsia
which with ts impertctnes, conte
An example hat may derive fom the a
tore. Any hisorical respective on the
cltySevolutioncaeasilyindzatethe com
‘mon andischrnie character thatthe
dominen soil groups have imposed on
the shaping of urban space using achte
really The ager and the cour. the
‘hutch andthe government house the pi
Snandthebursckswerebuilingsapmbols
ofthe structure ofthe arcos powers with
plazas being the mai source ofthe public
ande

In the Hellenic cy for example, the
gymnasium, the palestra the sad, the
opodrome and even rudiiny buildings
2 dose" or "konstiin” materialize
he mation of the society, are inter.
connected with specific social status and
embed the propaganda of monary
Hansiemperors worship, Their ban
Composition. which was responsibly of
the palme (which was constitute by
the lite), connecte them othe sanctus
ies the ambries andthe amour, keep
ing specifi prescriptions and ial cba
tions The sme stands for the roman cy
seth the rational cogen! arculion
ofthe imposed miltay campo or for
Renaissance city which presents ef à
Harmonie ensemble or even the moder in
terrify with the powerful trade cent

‘he right roads who promoted consume
and the discciaion ofthe nationales
hic tested tes domos

The evolution of the (Ctaltarian) city
(Amores, 2009) in sep with the eva
tionofthe archkeetralturben design even
in dice times in some cases, The tn,
Beiden, re not equivalent between them.
But the base procedures of urban change
and design coei inthe vais realities
Spd 9 we can detect “oly similarities
never historical time as even evince.
‘hese fy similar were formulated
sul bythe theoretical planning models
‘who either wen seving the interest of ev
y dominant system or were ing the
sblishment of mew fms of power and
Imposition, abolishing the od one.

Of course. eat age either with ih 16
tal the partial designs depiction
Chay. or example, who sustins the clear
Sepantion between pro-urbanlm and ur
tunis, and the detachment ofthe later
Hromthe política! tachment ofthe former
(Choay 197327), overooka/pases ver the
fact that planing remains the author.
fan instrument of those (Sat, elite. pi
lege soil groups) who seek their spatial
Aominancecontalover others.

wll not apre either with the perception
ofthe ‘unintended planning ly, 198s,
‘Tones, Llobet, ete) thatthe dominant elas
Sncypontes to Hs represie lpi ex post
fact. Urban planning isthe multifaceted
tegolation of the changes (population,
Induse, production of alt space) that
inf environment and consequently the
living condition ofall socal groups of the
clay regulation that comply with a spe
ie, predetermined stay tht contains
rations, hierarchies and printer In
other word planning is nt only a bundle
of procedures but principal a pla act
(system of practises) that reflets spatially
theexisence andthe fiction ofthe various
dominant forms Poms Haussmann grande
oie de Faris to Sora y Mats Ciudad
Lineal and Howards ely bank (Dog,
198534) or even Le Corbusier Vil Con
tempora, and New Uibaiom’s neo-
rationalism, urban space remains a bral
Condensation of sol vlatons (Lefebvre,
2091027) reflecting power ions and à
place fire challenge domination and
Subordination,

Lon den Ke, sapo dog ma int of nr 0, ca y ee mu A gpa yap fin

oy, the passage to happiness
his pot eves Aledo Benann nation
oy which is 2 passe tap
rive The Later ig not human invention

she sains, (Mitchel) song
connected with the Oher (mou
But ie of mind tha needs ile of mag
ie aconting Giorgio Agamben (Agunben
009. Tis mag’ for Bonanno i Joy. the
nconollable fome anda the same tie à
impulse ofthe subes
Pesupostion fr is that o el oy can be
sil exploto bu only le con
Shane (Engels, 893 Plamenst 197033
Gusevieh eta, 198236, cher, 1980) By
doesnot hve fede to catalogue it. ven
197790) Orbe we would te ls, Lo
inthe depths of any ofthe various cal of
der) where pb
greets duced page, ted ony

dala a desd pit (Amor 2009)
scompanie y the blu te andi
Ind para ce fetal dsconnetion

‘The ach fot y before an at of will à

fn efit f the fed condone of cp

pritetotte alation and malen

space. I the wor, ete pur of

coi

aber vales and needs tre aan cop
«Sandi delimited ne er tan pace
Ba how this sragle i achieved though
he appropriation of pubic pas he I
ter lead defied fom powers planing
snd the imposed architecture) The awe
passes through David Harvey's tiation
action of pe.
‘ine cers with space in genera e
sion of ative suce. The pop e
Ions, tthe moment ¡ha ae etched
ding Hare ans relive space in

that th tilings embed withthe tan pase
ndthe other heu,

Harvey and the thre spatial entities
Harvey combining maria
Kia male acer dsocktion between abo

talca that always seek to ip
roeraphy ol Iii ltbecorpiuoos
cumin

‘Absohe space is determined entity
that poses a Sucre which canbe
ed forthe reagan andthe ind
happens a the fame that she dain.

ft sternal andusully presented
ss reer ted and ed mear that sn
beiypkaly measured Geometrcly co
incide withthe Busia pace and co
sequently withthe cartographie spore
ee isthe space prie pop.
cy andante deiner

2 Wen spe defined at bicho, pre
alta siipoesanentiy
{ules the viene ofthe bacs ta
embed his peeved inthis way. san
‘sternalretant of mater inge
Sd relations an unaltered container of
fats and procedures However as Lat
iz tans arab has no meaning
(Syrien. 100) Since achte
pce is supposed ts exit been the
rel thing, by definition dont
exis The distance maybe cannot exe.
fiction something that only substances
‘can but this would happen only we
dort examine absolute space pate
ot omthe une relie adel
tional apps

2 Relive spice isthe result of the el
tion between objects that exis only
because the objets exit and tlt be
‘wveenthem Space relative in adouble
sense: there ate multiple. geometries
tha someone an chose and conter.
porte patie depende mainly
fom what i related and fom whom.
Einen, cached that imposible to
‘understand space independently om
time and introduced the term time
spe inthe vochulay of many sh
nes by subsiuring the word space
andtime, Relive space defined asthe
distance berween material opt, di
tance between pons of predio and
market const from bjs
‘without her these eno space, Mot
ver dae mins to these objects
ndtothele panico abutes ze
(entered) cosetoneé the properties
‘ofthe diferen surfs on which the
‘things are transported. bt though
Important the dance bt the nate of
the sure en which peopl are moving
andre made ofthe required energy or
this movement

+The retinal concept of space use
ily ented with he name of Leibniz
‘who reacted tote able conception
Sf spacetime (Harry. 2996) and cb:
Jete tothe Newtonian visual which
Supported that the spaces really pe.
vith ofthe things and tht space and
time exist of their own as neutral hod
cs independent rom ht ls in them
(ew & Cohen 1999 He sustained
conta that pace wat always ret

‘with mater but not with the mode
ofthe theory of relativity whet time
‘was Bending according the over sing
rater He sustned ha he renal
they presupese that space and ine
fe und in the proces that determine.
‘them, The preste s, dot happenin
spice but determine their own pti
frame. The internal sions ate the
foundation stone ofthe elational ap
prosch withthe external infseatons
to imernaied in specific proeses or
‘things through time, In his way. an
even orathingin space cant be pr
rived only with wha exis tt spot.
I depends from everything happens
around A vas ange af diferent in
fences ofthe ps, present and Saure ate
concentre onto one secc spt(pe
inacsurthambertodeiethe nate
tap,

‘While Newton and Clarke wee arguing that

moment intime the same ever.

Sethe spl expanse ftime dont ser

the unity of space (Ari, 200), Leni,

considering that space tnt substance bat
cognitive ral sustained that spaces rel
tonal bean times an order thing and

Sequences For Lani, beck pace does

ot exit. Only latina pace exist which

Ismothing else bur distance and timing rel

tions betwen corpus and coexistent stu

ons (Ryan 1996297300)

Int way Leibniz adentra jets

fas only ifembeds and represents relations

sith ther objects (Rober, 200355573)

(Écoute this oes mean that it would

fneuringpacebut would pperainortoone

ofthe mentioned extegoris ort wouldnt
ve any sense

‘This subdivision between absolute, relative

and retinal space, on which Hawey re

Teton ant edn orderto give ont

answers tothe question of what spcetime

fa Space can be one ofthese categories ot
come all of them contemporary. The
open relions for example eet abro:

Tine picesin whichthe monopoly operates,

‘The movement of people goods sevies and

Information happens in arte place be

hue regie money energy and the tan:

Scendenceofditance while eationsl space

Become important fr he social practice in

the elton ofthe house lt The decision

the se ofeach concept depends frm the a.

tore ofthe phenomens Bes able space
an be stable for mates of propery Nb.
‘visions while elational pace i ppp
te or mate of publi open space Have,
20061730.

As Harrey put tere ace any phil
Sophicalanswesto pilsophical questions.
There se human practices where we can
found the are ane 1973.

Neoliberal urban space and resistance
Time i very important in velsional space
spdchange becomes senil component
Marc was aging hat bo is the one who
inset the concept fine in the Wold. And
this because the procedure of bor ncorpo-
sth thee components times, pres.
fot and fa In kor we tal something
thot art eis, a has à pt and we
werk A present in oder to tensor it
into something ee (rue)

‘The same happens and fo the conversion of
space in retina the opoopel reine
he moment they cc withthe intervention
of specifi socal group, and ie
Space in teltionl 2 they imevene to the
relsionstha buldingsemedandhave with
ther ches Lewis, the moment
that this appropriation ofthe unbulk stan
space appear this pice e public or
van vids such space istransfomed into
a ptf of kim and pees aegis
nal ela hat wa determined ror ts
ins use. Thesame stands forthe ble
whichis wie dert unbull a,
the moment that ps aking place march
fon a massive entrance in à nnd tato
Such Space nto a place of elim, ring
inal relativity with he merchandise utes
crtheconsumingusethatwas chartering
I Thesame sus foropen plazas Them
tance ofthe fie open spaces above ho of
vets in closed ace (abschte spe) be
‘oe though thi isusleven ae amped
thse who ae sete with the ation, The
relive spe though, pe of a plaza which
‘ay represent the wien soci groupe is
real scoring the uso lng
(the seofwhemdeterminesandie sent
public see} With the inch ofthe protest
the colon change. The propi.
tion of space caus the appropition ofthe
‘elton spice and ofthe nur ba
ing even forthe limited sonically peri
ofthe econ length and à an tion of

‘canting the ierschy andthe meaning
cof urban spe in forthe protesters In that
ray cad through the ban space the
desirable mesage equ

Chair purägm is Bunker HI
(sy 1996334346) an ars in Los Angeles
ith ower of fis, tls nd haitione
Cf Mira company staff tht crouch
Sound lige publ space who reis
pty all day excep the har ef the inch
teats Ths plaza even though is publi.
seems toaddessoniy tthe sooo wealthy in
aborts of the rcundMalding and not ©
the Mexican and atinyouth who come fom
‘he overcrowded eastern and western neigh
borhosd tht lle 19 skateboarding there
the pail closeness of hie space and Rs
pe provide an dels park athe
periphesy the only places suitable for skating
e he ld Indus that are demolied.
ever th dos andthesand renemieot
skating they conde the whee it, The
protests were icing onthe nie pollen.
ná the lack marks tha the she eve
he Hyg and a à eu pate compa.
y chape to sume the space. The Sten,
‘Sed ofthe prohitins jst fom the eighties
when atest on ther yt ut them off
wee empleingstanchiensomtbetenhesor
‘wee coursing he cerent sures the pls
id to adopt the tacts ofthe "paterna
commande” elaiming (especialy the ight
ous) thecnly space they had,

Ben though the skate behavior aber a
Play lake, 2001) doesnt desi cri
Sys arhtectres on thelr everyday u.
testing uan pace a an can of elements
he steps or crab wall wher they could
etre.

Ste pene oppose t the sablece ns
Ave meaning of achtectre nd el re 10
réeprete a tevesing soil eins
aná meanings and erening 3 kind of hetero
topic or beer elton pes.

Skates dont aer only the extent meas
ingofspces ba intro pei meaning
‘ete whete before was thing A chance
sie parade Paranoid Park e Poland
‘which became fm from Gus Van Sant, The
space unde an elite rada ode neo
in rll nonspace, apace tht dee
apps either tthe heertopias fers
orto the deviant hetertopin of Fours,
nan esd, ha bee ransomed fom
is mr int asc manage. fe sting

ak toa place of personal expresion and
Hg hass at ight homeles ste evi.
dence ofthe unpreditable dam thatthe
seca proces acquit when they erde fom
einen The poteau

terace that they yates esc and with
‘ler amsn character They
contes the property Hight ofthe ste and
companies on notre and ey by occupying
the ast ne. The e space presuppses the
gent rein ca lv eprhee bat
Tea ive nowhere Lan vent pe
(Shite, oot)

Fenuming to the process of pace conveson
int relational he city, perceived as ashe
tores apprenant
two base cortante: housing and art.

The afta à constant and primary cs
ementisreled dialectal with its devep-
rem proces à Bt important the dete

nan ofthe Marchal map of powers
An than space. Se, st ess the asd
che ofamarc ltd dec with the
oncle pe Inbuldingsas Pret he
Cust ho. the Embassy and general in
the primary city element the perceptions
and symbolic spaces recinciding The opte
fal image ofthe reiten contes pr

all for ls even an experience fet
that ets he problems ofthe infuenced.
rte and which can become 3 potential
lement of cation of ban uniques.
‘re changing inthis way the ul ie
and au the primary ct elements and
ay times ie shared he aed roues.

ees not forget the abr squihions and
ghost were gine inthe eadeven fom
intenso yeas cr the massive worlwide
movement against GE and tags war. These
lm ae prete ah bythe routes of
the marches that are specifi ar fllowing
‘ental ate apd ae fcuingerterechiming
poles habitations pains public lé.
ago in crushed poles (abo certes ine
dies theses an al and plas) aways
inthe med paa hierarchies

‘The interaction between social practice and
(ba spice mats he at 5 the power of
the oil group e expressed collective in
the heart fe capital which cdi Har
ea dtemined rl inthe production
space Sawith he divers use dell

io ae alee the facts once andthe
defntions of space and ime made by the
emirato ply.

Further must ses theft tha we
Inthe noneapialiiscieies fll kinds the
lassen ime soil was neve sep
tated fom the seen ofthe soil at,
der capi time ses 1 be seared
fom mater etn the es fv.
In this way tne, sa let dation ion
‘ected ome miter fhe experince,
speed sel "het mes money
We ms understand ha the effective dine
management vial in capte concur
ence independent frm whats produced
spdthat the same iets applied in pace In
‘hisway places even they hve diferent val
ve of ie abit, Iter. entertainment
35 products ae equted between them =
ending the ales that ane made ur om
‘hse deen this Tarif she Rober
to Saviano dein in hisbeok Gomora
ofthe modification of the houses which te
dent the por of Napoli into soba
forthe more eve management of pice
Bisdonprof.
Pero ng do feat.
ea sh dealer sas 19
edna part no al estad
co qc ac lego, ce fr e
Imma ca dae, paf monde}
Broyhascwaanfomelitoadgst ult
Wal, Lam tal ag tebng
noi Fs wring ws remaining ns ft
‘Mary tines we woe ding wale ng
a en stat donen Hauer te pe
a ec mame date
consorte e palas Her ay cent
plan hat can beet. Rate hal
Wile fundar Gras tae wo comm
ating basen fl ttl cing wth er
hands Noone was daring te prats, Sn a
ele al Ra and est fo eu
‘ea dein. Tah rage were
ng naif ue as bce de. Aca
eating nacen
mo (Sava, 20082428.

Capra te 0 ius the geographies to
ised in cberwordtothe acumulan:
¡dual boltionofspace inordeno accent
the cele af capil flow the nto
tures and expla the productive advantages
though the consnetion of fact
ike pr sports tons ints At the
same me eres geography of soil in
ct tt include parement stems
forattingterik imerityerchrgeandes-
‘beth laborar

Asean Francois Teil wa writing nthe
liberte ty (ion. 2003
o Urban spe constitue by eut
mates (eal este marke, housing
‘mate bor market, capital services
ma) alle series range,
plie adinisrion andubannules.
2 Thesocalgrupeamcollestedinuiban
spe inthe places tha a ben con
“elote the soccesoncmnie önan-
leer by the expla and the presion.
procedures that are submited
3 Th urban pce pad by Ines
tures ofthe global economy hend
ter of tig companies hotel complete,
international bank group. al feuds of
tal economy tht conse a cy in
the cy Autonome and prepotentes.
Sa power inressingly concentrated and
Goble i settled on the ste pices
tthe word che. The concretion the
reolteral model transform uban space ito
Sn area of contas and antes forthe
right othe cite righ othe ces to
appropriate and consume cllectve spe
[the el inwhich shaped the stan con
‘since the way that people undersand their
rlotonwithpace andthe ther people. Fhe.
omericallyanspaes according Lebe.
this space has nothing innocent (Lefèvre,
1977305. 1 loa product in accordance to
‘he interests and the aspas ofthe "p=
dicton A produc f the monuments and
ches that ae erected for sui
dinning.
‘The unit, practically ec a pa code
ine fom the demisot one though ur
nee tht re cg onthe knocking
own the invisible Bares fr example, be
tween private and pli Ths the event of
‘hececupationfabuiling beyond the great,
Jimporance that has forthe bing self
withthe eration ofits initial and shape
“ike pe. he banner fa potest that covers
heise cfabuldingandttes metaphorically
to cant the building as symbol ef power
operates andto te ent unl ne hat
is intemal Sch an example Kip.
sels Agora Athens where was fr yes
cieseandbandoned pue Withiscecups:
Sn andself management ferina open
Kiel Agora used na only fr ernatve
pola and curl events bt aio 3 a
cbjetion tothe plans open th
war 10 trasto hr ito à le rca,

int an blue space who will continue he
conversion ofthe okionoe Net pede
road eta space for consume vih ales
on ether side. The public space di ont of
the Building acquis» diferent obra
le and esta a symbol, and in
combination with agorstbuldngeneebles
Sem of meaning ai diferentited fom
bc externl ares

“The tendency fo preisen of the public
pe andthe mesures rtheirsumelance
cane een as another expresen of polis
fexchsion uta space. fa USA the it
tester the measures of rede bere and
pal pee chanter Accord te
Search (anal Coalition forthe mel,
2008 in 24 USActesrevealetat the 39%
cof them Banned vagrany in pei public
pees while the 16 banned totaly. ie
Jes ke Sale have even modified tan
is imonderto fito plc ineschng,
wth the pots o devino people fom pub.
and private spaces Ehehee ules snd
thre demand from specie ete
feia to ty up fom pei ares of
Tigh ik inondrto combat he ig sale ct
alkohol dink while in ther neighborhoods
ds frbidden the entrance a they ace char
str as nas "Say Out of Dog
tea (SODA) ot Say Out o Ares e rst
tuto (SOAP) Dai, 2084550

‘The vilo laws are spresd eut ot ely 12
the mode, Ike camping pra of shelters
made of ubones sting ad ing on pb
Spore (sisal Caution forthe Hales
200650) bu evento tine Fr example thee
e prchibtons fo people while moving in
Spe for long time periodo. Tis happen
since the person is inermed through wien
messages and Sound frewsringe The next
fae the ames In Seat someone can
ame found afer sıpım in pak
15 all parís ae closing this hour or e, in
Hawai where i iden tothe homeless
Stay nbeches cr pus. Moreover the legis
ation authorizes pale to pace medi
ne pesos that have commited ma
‘sling eg ole posesion of
open bate of sh and 1 fotis the
entrance fr ime period that can be even
wholes

The above, in combination withthe emer
gence of the pte gated commie à
lear expresión ofthe economie power
social clases andthe aceptnce that their

vrai it impugned sei in publi
Space. The big private malls. the eshewing
on puting benches in public spaces and pl
sac the cameras that sel set aside
sy ae part ofthis evancie poli. (Bad
‘ne 00669) In this way the economia
upper clases even they can execs incon
tertile domination on the urban space do
awe the accoutrements far inating their
dependence fom puli spae. Thee mov

Sng cu derives mainly fom their lit or
public space which considered dangerous,
anoying and uncontrolled conte
(quently san expense tha graue chem
(Bodna 201 lineal 19972: Fusy.
199748 3). Inascordance with the above it
‘the murder in Exarhis are in cent A
ensofthe young boy by polis fe, ten
Katie of penalization urban space though
the teronton oft wees andthe mas
Hertha llowed

In response of the sate wihdrawa fom
public sphere and th tend of promating
alien forth economic upper else,
the resstancs andthe uban movement
mere puting the ame for pie modes
‘of comprension, interpretation and te
claim of space throu avait ft

egies tht include the use of jurispredetiat
tools and activ interventions,

While many (Chateton, 001-7) qualify
squating. as ao and restive use of
the kan space in sway tha pes the os:
bility fr taiealsxia change bes (Have.
2001) ess othe user need af the eral
movement 1 ddr too people with wider
pallies Andıhisisposileasitshowstheen.
piment in Asectina lpia Inte film
Th al 20€ by Avi Lewis nd Naomi Rien.
The chien of mer india] makes
andemplyee tht were ing before atthe
USK fastfood now were searching in the
bog as tel pent were rapped in the
‘unemployment as many industieswere clos
ingup Wihtbe ss tb population under
‘he poverty limi new eonomy emerged
‘Argentina result fe atonal Movement
ul Fcerie Workers withthe mo-
tive Op Rett Prod occupe aan
doned industrial spaces and sefinctioned
‘hem without bose applying the principle
paca decay by trader
‘hein pli pce, The roulent
1ikethecerami tory Zanokwithyoowerk-
8 Ban indus with 2 made the

Communications Insite cr Medrano clin
de o werk gual. Exactly the same hap-
pened in northern Greece in 200, ih he
reeuperatedselfmanaged chemical factory
VIOME in Theslco who ill meules
Lo keep autonomy

With the same logis, the movement of
Housing ut in Amsterdam Belin and
London during 20% and in ly Span Ger.
any andespcally Grece (ih hundrends
‘ut in the Lat 25 yeas, wed the aban:
onedhouseskeptinsuchecnditionforspe
lo purposes, in oder 10 sspond ith
management and dist parsipaion o
‘he neds o housing and autonomy. Such
stance showed the path oa male ep
‘Theoneofonfomstionwiththe oi ehe.
capitalise market through the occupation
the economic met appli builngs and
‘he concretion ofa soul thi either
a nrthe make was ingradeto ge
‘Taeereroacing cntecoteanefetive me
um for reveling the histo andephemer-
Sl nate ofthe items aw, OL in hit
sway the poly totanstorm and produce
Sont "beyond ple’ challenging the
predetermined spa oder and the med of
powers apporionners.

‘With the same way the power of the un
ui space challenges authority who tees
to contol by survellance or y building
As reste bulk under pei condi
tions can actos an instrament of genes
tionandimposition

Epllogue. — Reteritoraization and
Relational planning,

In fon of the cal devouring” ofthe“
opal in other wor the bulimia of à
once ban model that devour pace
is imperative fr us o work fra pace re
ih and retemorilzao (Magnani
500330) tht leds to happiness. The lt
ne stars when siste the complex
dimension (le the environmental and tee
tora systems) that the ety poses a à
als. Wemus ret this stem
ea pic (L Ccl 200) whith which
ewer sigals the tue wth the tal en
However, ts imposi t bring down
‘he capitals deminium with hass on we
have a leat the obligation to show cur de
agreement The ria ise thetefoe ithe
(ens the nll. he eappopition or

the envetion ofthe publ pace andthe
snoowgniaationAllthese area tant
partly that happens where the ideals
sxe fed the experience fly ina
Place and have the power to be generaliza
Sndfuncionsamodelfora new sce that
wl bene the whole human e what
David Harvey als" gba: Pan
phring Luck the purpose the ee
sin ofsome kindofoaisinthe urban ess
bat the regrese expansion ofthe network
hey fe spaces in order 1o fee the
Genes Citys deer. Moores Zygmunt
‘Bouman was wing “he public spaces are
‘he itl pins where the aut of wane
famandofcarconviaion wll be adjust,
ef Bsuman 200557)
More itcnensdthe peri chanter the
predominar values mote radial willbe the
reconsucion andthe cremation 1 ade
Serien sity acu, 208: 24.53)
this efor urbanism must une the st
ys eal org: us, tas and po
iin other words natural and forera
struct, the society snips
Howeren the esina planning pole
when is emphasized ty four inerelaon
pots tht can rant into direct proposls
forthe planing prstce
2 Fa Planning must ten relaie and
procedures more thin objets and
Shapes. Emphasis must be made tothe
embodiment ofthe tip difsences
shout alering them with pearl
andere simon ofthe
reisiontetweensocil procedure andur
Banshape
+ Secondthe planning practice mat sr
the maple ends of timespae
‘hip mea pola atento in
‘the polie representation and he time
peisdserprsion
2 Third Fanning mustrepreen places
ripe vet ofrelsional products and
Sources that inevitably create à diet
geome of powers on the ter e
be esepined thatthe preference o
| spsetime expeence can undermine
ther interes, equal important but
swith minor power
2 Bally planning mast ecgnietbe way
that the eins within and tough
the mile level of the geometry of
power negrito is communicton and
Anton Im hi way the atento

ls fd party on the baling up of
thesis of region, concession and
sedreson ofthe enuenching between
‘winners and losers Moreover emphases
tothe importance of the recognition of
the many value tms that son the
Sake teme citys spaces and times.
Planners must no nly elle the mc
ition of all thee but mt se ti
design obildanew erinofrelstonal
ares always rested with cher
tonal network
An incurapng paradigm the study Metro
(ble ofthe Urban Think Tank team, the
poverty neighborhocd of ai San Augus-
Finn Caracas hat managedt connect more
than sa oo people with metro network by
the design fan el transpor sytem In
contrary t ther pois that were propos.
Ing the creation of ros passing thug
ario by demolishing numeros fel,
this intervention accepted he given ely
ofthe deviant conturtiong and incorpora
sdthertothe ity They second the
quais ofheurban space andworkedwih
hem and ot agains them Similar inter.
vento the Favela Bair poet in Rio de
Janeiro, made by Maro forge! and Flavio
Feira nd wat focused on 500 comuni
ties with ver 200000 people amelirting
the infrastructures the pubs spaces ande
‘ing the baso fo ther incorporation tothe
es ofthe ct fase without marga
gt colle dende.
In conso mus ses the ct thatthe
tubulin combination with the lana
space can become the "space of hope” (Ha
‘ey, 300) the begining ra era
common goad: kana 2008) Common,
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Ener Minen m

Taif Municipality/s Steps
for Happier, Healthier and
Livable Communities: The
Case of Al Hada and Ash-

Shafa, Saudi Arabia
Hisham Mortada, Mohammed
Atmokhar)

Introduction
Tal “Eden of Ar or The Desert ox
Ai à one of the main tori traction in
the Arb Peninsula. In TÍ he mot die
Finish aes ar Alda and Ash Shut
hen which ae considered the crown jewel
of Saudi Arabia, da to their unique diverse
landscape & natural environment, a both
ate mountainous, with magnificent sen
cis, and unprecedented natura! features
Such as: water ls, ales and ren sided
‘mounting These as ac fame a well
for their Fink roves arch and Kam of
saps, pomepranate gs, honey. 36 une
the vest of Saudi Aras Tif arcu of ts
low temperatures and rin and ts lic
resort desination frtheusand, Thee sites
e the mot famous destinations fr Saud
ans and a source of nition pride and
happine,

Happiness pillars, factors and influences
Severalscholushaveageedthatcurchsees
of values, purpose. support. Heh and
trolling gatktude and Balance a the
ain factor that influence the reali
Rappines, which wll never come to those
wh do not appreciate what they already
are Happiness pillar are phykal, mental
emotional moral nd pitt

Links Between welterg and environmen
ao proie in pco
co. health, conservation economies, and
more widely, there i growing evidence
that green or natural environments are
peste for physical and mental health and
weilbeing and therefore fr Oneshappins.
There ae at lea thee reasons fr thinking
thot experiences of tél exvicrments
vil be poste related to hal weile:
Sng and happiness The Pstofthem there
apps to be diet cometio by which
uch experince et the nervous system,
bringing about sues reduction and restora

tion of attention Secondly Mackerron and
Moura (013) ue that natural encon
res muy be lower inenvironmental ads
‘hat have sprint negative impact on
beth physical and mental wellbeing which
in tam could tect happiness They add
‘hat adverse health fects of nie and air.
pollution re well document. According
to Faichieermeer and Paice (quoted

ron Mouse 3013) ths been
Provedthst chronic tr nie exposure in
Ab environments can case many severe
ates such seep distance, hear
ing impsitment. tinnitus, and ised sess
levis leading high lod pressure. or
ray ear eae stoke, nd possibly im
munesystemandbirth defects Tidy at
ral environment might increase happiness
ty cti and encouraging cultu and
porche reasons though behavior
‘hat ae physically and mentally benefit
including physical exerce, recreation and
Sci intention

Baies nas
In her eeeatch, Bren (3007) ab the
import sur of the diferent approaches
to haine curently publie happiness
may be am essential intention of many pol
tiie and planners, ut it snot expli
CConseuenly. the question of whos view of
happiness diving the vision for ur cies
tendsto be unexamined. These is o do
‘hat apices i the choice of all people
however thi choke requires effet at ies.
(Bhi inteadues a European study fhe
eve feng in natural urban ates. It
as reported tha 83% rebord. 56%
fet mote connected to her eves, o fl
connected to nature, 616% fl energized.
56% fl ste. 557% fet a home and 50%
fee connected with ether people, and this
proves tht engaging with natural areas
provokes pote anitudes for uses, one
Woman ofthe interviewees reported" fa!
Ihe a god mor, afl fr my on fre
(Odin 00713.

Chen intodced the sustainable app
pesstermicleg in 207 whichisaconcepe
‘hot hasthepatentiltoenhance ban plan
ing polis by rang the rofl of hp
est and wellteing but Linked to stain
ily,

In their up to date esearch The Greener
‘The Hopper? The Elects of Urban Green

and Abandoned Area on Residential Well
Being, othe German Seco Eeonomi Pan.
el. Kaka, Kolbe, and Wartemann, (215),
reported tht coverge of and even more
proximiey to gens is sgnifeantly pos
‘ively acid whereas promi to and
even more coverage of abandoned ates is
Significa negatively asoeated with ie
Saiten bth of who diminishing in
the amount ofthe respective ares whereby
mental and physical health in paru
secialfuetoning bodily pain, and phys
‘al functioning af important transmision
méchant. The fst are songest or
residents who ate older

While Mesh (014) pots that peo:
pleaehapierinplaceswheretheeisgrent.
ers of sel exchange o ner
tion and es ikelhood oie, crowd, and
pollen. In their esearch on bons
Between happiness sd pride, slush and
Checchi (2007 sep that growth must
connect the expetalens of economie de.
‘lopment withthe ofthe quali ofthe
environment, the soil cohetion and the
oral wat of the iy whieh means
that more during policies addressing va
cus low coin dimensions ofthe quality of
‘tan if coud rn in cine il prod
at happier

Many scholars pointed to the imporant is
su fo whom see designing foe pointing
to the biter fc that in cur contemporary
cardominated world most ofthe studies de
velopments and concentration are rented
tocas andcar user, acae that Tif Mane
pales te avoi a hikeentoczeringio
the happiness of urban communities and
ent nt only for car diver which un.
fortunately notthecsseinmosofthe hap
nese esenth and studies eal and national
pay maker should consider happiness in.
poleyand practice
As ban environments are inctssngly
Assigned tobe Gina, tying to crete
remouble sensay experiences and gie
Happines forthe people who we them, the
Municipales main amis Eng dote to
patting happiest the ives every ite
en and wer of AL Hada and Ash Sha.
tin ding sothe municipal works hard
{identify and discover the flowing
+ Facorswhichinfuene happiness fom
the urban andlor socioeconemie pint

cien
Do urban and landscape projet ora
public pce influence the perception of
happiness orisitcnlyfctorsandcond-
tionssuc as climate ood. ee,

What ae he urban projects in develop
ment which te med teaching ap.
What ate the kan experiences whee
apps can be cogne?

What ar the haple tes characteris
Fi and how tobe achieve

1 urban happiness ls achieved, how
coute managed and ati?

‘Bravo (012) sums that public happiness is
0 longerthe resul ofthe emorional impact
of a widespread beau, bu the discovery
of new meanings and values ofthe cy as
nique usan whole Both More and sub-
vta, toas with nt predictable socal
forms ofinterscion between people

outs and hs urban gres
Katy (010) and Green Scotland (008)
ave life beef ofuban ren pace
tothe following

Environmentalbenefts such a enhanc
ing urban climate improving at qual
y enhancing the hydolagy and water
Ainge clean up contaminants (ph
toremediaicn) nose abtemens and
enhancing the biodiversity and wildlife
Ezonomie benefits, uch a the postive
Impact on property values, improved
sine combing prowl, energy
saving (Sing bilis in summer,
‘zing them in wine) od produc
Fin and atetng wurkm.

Social & cultural benef, such 2 pro
rating neightolines, places forgot
nd chile iteration and pla. igh
ultra vale, provide meaningful out
sor environmental educational atv
ties and the dali and spit im
portance andsyolis meanings
Human heath and tection benefit,
such she impact fusta gen spe
on physical and mental beth, the chi
den eed fr geen space aa playing
‘xercing and discovering arena and
the eed for pen paces forts high ao.
teathonal aie

Say and security benefi such as
ren spe influence In leseing ae

roi and vslent behavior providing
Aefensible spaces, reducing domest
lence and fea of crime, ne pat
ing ripe and medias postive ol in
enhancing rod visibly and reducing
are rede accidents prb

6 Aesthetics benefits such as varity of
cog eanopy and sie providing dif
ent usages, seeing unneceany fe
tues and acting a aval background

Municpalitys vision, mission and
approach

Manicipaliy of Taf tok the esponsibi
in of preserving the natural environment
cf Alba and Ah ha and enhancing the
qual ofi and the bil environment te.
ether with sng the awareness and eve
ping local residents through active publi
participation and interaction with residents
(lager) who kim le there to serve
tous by rating houses and hotel, work
ing in restaurants and en, farming Land
snd seling product

Vito

Balancing he supply and demand forn
resorts nd files with sees to nat
ral rescue by thorough undentanding of
what we poses, consume and want ra
happy future.

isin

‘Ahad and Ashhata to be models fore
‘he, happy and healthy peces, where
heritage preservation integetes with ma
ture, and adopting sustainable ours and
tai fr such dstinguihed devin
Aron

‘The municipality believes that there is no
ray t happiness: happiness the vay.
ndthat Happiness will ever come hote
who do nat appreciate what they andy
Fa, ad el not how much we have, bt
how much we enjoy that makes happiness
and dierence. Therefore, i kepsaneyecn
‘he urban environment enhancement prop
st in onder to eich the qual of eof
The Municipal of TAPS main sim is
benigno Habe healthy com
mani that semes next generation and
ustactes beter future. The actions started
sean ga with many step where the Lts
Is the most distinguished of the report “Vi
sol ollion Guidelines A Manual Book

Hor Alhadaand Ashshas produced in 304,
andconsideedto be a pioneer study. anda.
important tp to be lowed by ether tes
toward abs tes

Location
Hadad sl Share ame under
the Muniipalty of Tif ln Mecca Province
‘of Saul Arabia tan elevation of 2.20 m
(Ads) and 400 m (Ash han average
swith a population of Tig 24373 inhabit:
nt Ads sono inhabitants, Ah hate
ooo inhabitants scoring tthe 2004 con.
Both sites ae primer destination for rece
tion and furl and are famous fr their
nique nal qualities and landscape ig
»

hadaisamountaiows resort village with
Some hotels and there park that male
national tour tection I ale famous
fer picultrl land th produces sprich,
a peaches, grapes & pomegranaes in ad
ten 0 roses that are produced in Le
anti tote tized inthe extraction of
Seil il and the rose wats, which Taf
sortant

Ahaha at south ofthe cy of i
‘shout 2400 metes above the ea eel is
famous of the mountain bee honey, ese
Jer igs and ote Ash sha alo famous
ofits publ park gardens and esthetic or
sions relie sar in size than
had,

‘Analyzing the existing situation
Visa elle resulted om unintetion
abuse sfr.

1 Lack of public awareness of the vale
and importance of tegration with ew

+ _Lackofcomprehensive vision for kan
planning ban design, landscape and
chier guidelines,

2 sence of identity and character. The
deficiency of sme seguis and le
¡sacas

A seston to fe these sues if Mu-

icipalty Inunched à 12 principles pude

{or HAPPY LIVABLE cites t be followed in

rein Sue developments and asetng

exiting condon, and that wat applied om
both Aldo and haha aes, anda thor.
ugh study forthe isa polation nd ways

fortrestment was produced 301410 et
robos model tobe followed.

Municipal principles for health a
happiness

Cara erage

The aces of Alk and AshShafa i rich
seth heritage ation and intangible tt
thts that were inherited rom ptt genen
ons The Municipality i keen o peeve
and pasito fra generations,

Fu Openspace
Acid health ndwellbing where
more walking and exercising se encour
aged The tageted open space network sam
nmel part ofthe uan Tissue with ar
cy of sale and active pes that var ln
Sia form and funtion,

2 Ecofimdy donen

Foo friendly constuction ate encourage
sa responsible approsch o the aes de
apart, schier mainly by wing lol
‘ates incontnition

Aston Sci

ie of local products and materials re
tuned tothe publ el nvolemen of
cal communities, where pros composting
and rc Various ware management
schemes ae aloinclded.

5 Lande Greens

‘The area of study possesses high landscape
steals fine in function and sz,
uch as natural geen condos, visual is
inte sites and historia ser. I just
eed the ersin of Comprehensive gre
coma network

Cosa Baronet

Setting side ree a nature reserves moun-
tain histori ses, orotherconsewaton ar
7 Scale url Daqment
Diferent wen, such as hoc, ect
shops. schools oes open spas and ca
tes. Complement each ches to cese aI
able community. The Municipality target
the cretion o communities with range of
house styles and denies.
Comet? Acs

Bath sites of Albada and AsbShafs are
mountain, that the connectivity anda
esi plays vil ol inthe develop.
Sng plans The Maniipaliy i heen o ke
connectivity and linkage of the diferent a

PHYSICAL FACTORS. HUMAN FACTORS

‘oroLocy 7. ‘ARCHEOLOGY
CanoroRM Sc
DRAINAGE Cutrune
sous DULDGS
EcoLooY

AESTHETIC FACTORS

visun.
ENCLOSURE
Texture

views

OTHER FACTORS

Gueut-rouot.)
MA ON
Sc vus

GENIUS OF PLACE,

A UNIQUE DESTINATION
WITH SIGNIFIC
FINGERPRINT

acerco an yn A an oh tte

Heat Wang, (sed governance i abr the preste or polie of landmarks, and creating a wel
As health pvotal ln achieving happines. making and Implementing decisions ar. designed vial sequence using Landmarks
‘he Municipal inroduced à famework ing several charente. All have» pos to emphaize the cal identity of place and
te Improre the heal and weileng ofthe tree on various atpectscflealgovere to enhance the natural envionmest dom
ulation to help them say heal and ment including consultation polices and nance over the bul environment. Land
wel Practices, meeting predates. service qual marke 1

o Palla «ls coonelr and cer onde, culture, and provide deeply rote symbol
The tageed dv smile using

residents les who make her living Chet

from the place, mus be well benefited and and welling. ‘Work in providing chasers with ¡en
well enrlled in every tp of the develop. thot ae gathered in a ininguished spe
ment proces Municipality issued recommendations chat which will tie the spn of
Actes URBAN RECOMMENDATIONS place and belpin enhancing the overall per
The mountainous nature bestowed ses an 1. Eni ace felon ofthe ees

solar attirent patine therm Emphasigthe entry pont andcrting Cara

ism destinations in Saud Ara proper lea design tht tiles cal plats Frvide butlers separating the parking a
a. Moreover the ditinctive sarounding and material fom interfering the sens de ding hat
ratureaddetotbesesericualorcfthesies. > Landmarks incorporation with the spec tothe vial
la Gaal Geman Defining and eategoiing the diferent ty- value ofthe me eu fp

Using tees and shaded cars t provide
enough shade inthe way hat dosnt Bock
es und othe view

5 Pulespacs
Enhance the quality ofexising public spaces
aná developing the nelected le over sae
through crie efficient landsape de
Sig that accommodate sofscape elements
to enhance the local det and charter
with respect tthe diferent funcions that
‘he space may ere

Pedestrian rates

Is important to prseve the contin of
the path & enforce pedestrian enjoyment
ofthe sutoundingenvitonment, ination
ensure the separen among the thie pa:
cometerse path.

LANDSCAPE RECOMMENDATIONS
ren

Adopting the landscape planning and green
‘way approaches fo comprehensive dere
pment este ande around.
iman

Using indigenas plants whether tes,
hr climber andgroundeoversin paths
fences and edges, for signicat encon
rental and fretonl impact

Vinos Bees

Emphasting the natural edge special
‘hose with significant views beides ing.
plan sens, tes and ches methods fr
concealin the untwvorble scenes and vi
su pluie ha Hard tolera,
Stades

Using cal material in providing shade for
paths spaces and seating atest a much as
posible

Sing

‘sing nara local materials possible to
Hip iteraing the bl and natural envi
renment and vote the penis and char.
terca,

Sens entes

Using wood metal and local stone forests
in open spaces, scenic views ac and pe
destin Spins, in a harmonious way that
respect nd Integrate with the nate of
pace

Siqages Un bars

Flscing the seien and oficio signago
withthe proper harmonies cols da
tere

ARCHITECTURAL RECOMMENDATIONS

2 Ung vemarular architecture ring

ing with in the proposed bung spe,
with resteront colours and materia
2 Respectngthe mountainous nature the
placebo

‘Using harmonious colors that high
light the natu ofthe plc.

‘Avid using materials that would
comadre vera charter of
balling

Provision fuite place for pits.
Opening views tothe mountains y erp
Ing fences shor to avoid view black and
respecting the Ind topography o preserve
pate and reste inte skyline,

Conclusion
af Municipality does not only pereires
its respon towards proie the
atra landscapes ofthe unique ses such
Alta and Asha, but understnde well
‘tha hapines, 3 3 component of hal
sndwell being des nt belong onthe inge
cf pale and planning. The Municipality Is
en to usine cites through planning
Hor happines and healthincrdertoenhance
the bull eneironmens andthe society gual
y tie.

‘The Municipal provided nova po
luton temente in Alda and Asha ar
ceastepar sosa) he lin

Protection ofthe environment
Maintenance ofa diverse economy
Provision of css through land
Delivery obigh quali sevice for
dent tour sor and basin
Housing choices and

‘The involvement of LOCAL COMMU.
NITY in planning and deliver

References

lis A mächech D 107 schapins
peinado qui day I Te
‘Se lan he he lon ty eid
Ben hen

Eten Y Meteo A Roi
Faso Ano So Creme a ul
lec Maras e Sp
Bono sona le mut and rn bea
pur ori nthe camp
Ben, Bs nene he
co

‘Balchin te Sues Gar Father Gy
god ne cl Cal Une
BEL. Kae. Memo He 3095 The
Sree fe tapia he Ber fen oe
‘nd Abner An eset We
Sy Ser ThecemonSsio snore

Yemen ue S a0 Hone e

Nee À ork Compare Hyper
inge tng ice D Sa
‘Salat cred fen acne

Are
Los: >

RER Eee ac e nat
erg
EEE nen,
Etre

Si E, rept Seur
cd Bee
Ve Gt oe
e ed cote as
emer entrar cued
Fr

AMIR, or a tn
e ham Ou
tally in Arabic) shal
BRE pret dg
intents imeem
Beer

Public sculpture, a
preservation identity tool

of the city

Mohamed Ali Msol

Inecent yes he question fan in publi
paces recorded anew developments inthe
Beiefsiemife esearch, The lationship
between the craton Current and publ
places amis move towards public space.
Mattons soci in some places, the cis
he lot their ioral Aden cull
and architectural. The ation of safeguard
ing the identity is necessary and requires
xy internen to ensure the continu
history in ancient ses and public paces
ft, Moreover ai intervention in
the pren aionofpu ofidntty becomes
net action to make the ty i soul
Le mains ts imprint and identity. Tis is
tien to give meaning tothe public paces
ofthe ity but alsotoennate preservation st
the commen memory through cultures
public andwork tan.

Around this reflection, we chotet study
three Tunisian cites that ares flows:
Kor Hela and Moknine The identity of
found ation varies ints bison towns
since ech space defines itsown urban and
chier store

‘We te interested in ane interventions
communication tool lists the rans
maison of history. Tunisian backup poly
Interested in Resuscitation ancient ste
aber rs investing some monuments
‘ota einegation hee Inthe mod.
‘rnsetting.Thson model designed aed
ern pelislientityofthe city interested
inthe ait ston 8 meditional vector
in public areas and roundabouts. Many
models currently exis incites inching
nies in costal ares, In this sense, we
(opted for Moknine and Ksr Hl oder to
examine publi sculptures that give a ew
sata sens and aesthetic image coherent
hile often tetining the link othe com
mon memory of eich place, These new
policies sek o recente the sense o give
oherece readability sometimes swarmed
tenitery and deal with the consequences of
inguin.

I seems important 10 provide answers to
Genion concerning Tain publ spaces

what the place ar inthe Tunisia iy
spd surrounding aras Historie? How 10
Teconcile the asheie and Mio se
lites withthe requirements development.
Financial and sociologia? The am of the
srk a recen neurones
producing collective ation, the eel the
Ämaginay tha affects capita changes its
ew ofthe city. Ari pls interven:
tons not only ll tanserm the way we
look atthe place and away from the fine
tion bat alo rente new uses and living
Spaces through the cultural and stories
Festa. This us hack tothe Ses of an at
‘ht will bind t the social ie and divert
odes and signal f the sity for new read
ing ofthe urban environment. but so pub
Tissocil and ion.

Final. the work ofa ints vais forms
(cultures painting, Hesces, et) leads
to the design of medisional devices that
willbebasedon acutlooktesching. The tes
hat develop, overtime among the or,
is and Publi and vai of these ex
‘changes, promote the development oft
‘al thinking and the gradual appropition
‘ofthe work and its Historical background,
sas nd cal,

City and Public Space as
Happines Project

Eva-teticia Ortiz

‘The cy and is spaces have always been a
pret in seach of wellness. From Greek
‘ite, ane heath end and ple
withallesntributetothe pester goodcfthe
human being ws intended: personal well
Being linked to csi the poll à projet
sl shared andthe cy was nat only
Ss suplierofgood but the space of ular
pots. philosophy. heath the wel being
and wellbeing

Asa society. we iy to move cur idea ofbe
gin ge pat othe materi inthe land
cape that surounds us the neighborhood
here we live, and even our housing o
when planing cy implici build pa
ce markets, monuments, garden. tests
or vides where the search modeled cies
Sndurbon pattern searchapsin Thewelfre
depends ugly onthe spatial conditions
‘tht had to perdu betweentheephem-
eral and the permanent for centuries. The
ature of there language has allowed
the space to hide or revel the premise that
gate the human ti argued that
“high levels of economie freedom and high
petentages in revenues make up a high
onlin in subjective well which vou
lead to beieher and fire wouldbe happier
hut why has nt had an incest In PER
ná happiness in recent decades? Some
Scholae believe that thie station answer
the ell “hedone sealing’ which consists
ofthe natura tendeny to change withthe
changing expectations Income: So second:
ng t this theory. the icer you ae, the
‘mote you compat with her rich people
And geil fll whee desires so ends op
he had not had any progress.

From the 40 has had an estacas ur
ban goth and along the lst decades. we
ere mor and, more resources mote en
ea more displacement. Toy more than
vere Know that tes axe comento
environmental and scll deterioration in
Shexpedted manner but neverbeore hat
ad sch technology many hares while.
many waste, Tot day urban spaces have
Ihypeihesizedbe healthier greener nore e
ele, more trace, move foetal

however ti sient to consider who ae
the pple who manly define wellbeing or
disco tht produce them.

Since the Declaration of Independence of
the United States provides that ‘all men ae
‘rentedequal and ae endomed y thes Cre
‘tor with certain inallenabe rights, among
‘which ae the right oli, bey and the
paul of happinest (Eo, 024) aserting
that inthe history ofthe founding of na
ion, this paper wa the fin to explicit
state thatthe people have a righ 1 hap-
pines, wellbeing, Despite the fu
of measuring happiness. people have tied
‘goin and again Integrte inachlectue,
«stan Dingy or y spaces weretrans
formed ino best spaces and gardens
where buy and plessue were lied. The
publi realm garden, parks and squares
Ccmpensited confinement, overrowding:
Sllwingto todays meeting the exchange
Chicago in 871.35. rsult ofthe devas
ing Be of 72 provided an opportumiey to
rebuild the city under the promise fai
ing the repetition fs new claim The ahi
test and urban planner Daniel Bomba
Convince that beauty elf could trans
form socey and awaken new fe
zen) inthe lan of Chicago conducted with
Bennet in 130) (mith, 2006) included
Tong walls in atasive avers with tet
ing stating that they ould estore the
iy where the vial harmony and sett
ics would be the prerequisite for heron
cussocal onde,

Some then ame to Believe thatthe well
‘wa found only ithe escape rom the cy
fer which he cars agro instrument to
allow the movement o the central ay o
Suburtan utopia The suburb ound ls
in when Frank Loyd Wiight’sBrodacre
hy conceived under the notion of inde
pendence and freedom well.

‘The fim subube were ret examples of
entepeneuship, and promised thee new
inhabitants a word of priarized ele a
privat garden, a care move between det
tons connecter decor and Stings
wee als required So if to know tha 10
people happy enough ste how they spent
‘heirmoney then many people hare Dah
Separate houses, separated showed that this
sa elated to happiness ference or pe
‘acy mbit and away fom the problems
thigh deity ly (Montgomery. 2083)

‘Today we know that cur preference do not
ae maximize our welfare in the ong
time, Mirón In 196 tatedshat the subt
were an eli schon to give back tothe
A of the chy Duh, 008) but also 12
ud homogeneous space inthe ety. the
subuibs have not been ently “natura”
but are the product zoning ply and the
realestate market selling ground even
Isolated Blocks, sometimes sad and Sa
pren

So how do you know ifthe suburbs make
their residents happer. if they genere
greater good if more human? If he high
Ways produce greater feelings of freedom
thatthe marron sets henay in re
tecture makesus optimise: fempahycan
reser us fom untappines.

“The best soir. Beatham argued isonein
which cvizens ate happien Therefore, the
bet pol wil eto generate greater bap
Pines, and inthe case of private conduct,
the mos comet moral action will be that
which gives more happiness to more peo:
leit affects. This is he liste principe
Sf Happiness: fondamental palin
because happiness has all lke, and fan
damentally human. because i hold that
‘imately what matters is what people fe
"a achieving greater overall happiness e
ies know what cas happiness ofthe
people (Layard 2005)

Daniel Kahnemanthe only noneconomist
who won the Nobel Prize in Economics
(400%) «In one of his studies established
1 ink between happiness and urban ie
Kahneman generated the “poapect theory”
for deserbing how people make decisions
in vaio where hey have to desi be
tren akerstves that involves +
sessed income. Consider that hat a frame
reference which people use to make ev
cya and nera decisions hate Ling
me than you lve winning.

aten Meek especialy in his “Mit
tions on the Life (192) states that the
predisposition tobe happy can be more
Important than beliefs cr postive eralun.
tions that have a some pein thus à pos
tive tendency or prediporion can enue
3 happy flings more permanent hap
mesa Likewise concluded fr several td
Ses, people prefer ie ofen pleasure bat
involve challenges fo and pleasure as
weils pan. Confemed thatthe level of

income is important, but not the whole
formula (Montgomery. 013) The level of
education, the numberof fiends and even
the cation ae par o ie station. Self
reponsof subjective ele to things that
money an ct bu ese, show trp, fe:
ng healthy example

‘Therefore the place where we ve act
ally importa

Paychology has always been linked bath
snd wellness, bat was Carol Ayft who
proved valable o are a mesningul i
<hallenges and social linkedin is model
of pysholoiel well ing (198) concept
that inches social subjective and pycho-
logia! dimension well hea eated
behavior in general that lead people to
encina positive way Related to how peo:
pl in their everyday ces the challenges
they enccumtes i thet ives devising ways
te Handle them, lning from them and
deepen their sense of meaning in ie (BY.
sou

Sothe cy ls nt the reses of pleasure
atthe space where personal ates where
challenges and commitments te confront
daily basis are fought, Imone the city
Should be measured not only by dre
tions and comforts, ut ko how i allows
its residentto give meaning, fae challeng-
sand ive ily (Montgomery. 201.
Berhas one ofthe most important effects of
thecityiseltedtothe way tht shapes our
‘eltonshipswithothes esting neunte
conside nt only personal, bt seta. The
train neighbor, authority and outsiders
Seems ts hate prepanderance in happiness
‘sccrdig t John Hellwell especialy his
study oflssesinthevrystiet of residence
allé canbe sid that you can predict.
Bappines in ities knowing the true be
teen tiens and the more he tuted the
ther, more can maximize profs (Mont
gomery 013) Concludes hat the Tinks,
Social suport and confidence re centra
happiness and Heston
Meanwhileneuossonomie defender Pout
Zak (008) und significar fndings on
fonytocin and analyes the role of this in
man experiences and behavior such a
empathy trim and morality Likewise
lationship Between ati and hıp-
pines smile greetings sigas of find
es, sllary. cooperation strengthen
confidence

‘his colncided with Adam Smith who in
2759 In his erandinny work "Theory of
Moral Senimente sid the human com
sciousness derive fom social latonships
And empathy produced by being around
ther peopl is substantive forthe vel
and what guides ou action (Montgomery.
cor

‘We ll lve in permanent selfishness alta
ism dichotomy, coute. withdtwal
nd is pehaps the space, special urban.
Space whichallowstofindthegolen mean
eeweenextiemet

Meanwhile Fapachrist (5013) conducted
3 study to quantify the uae happiness
ty folowing diferent criteria happiness
in subjective terms (mood, Socal mental
and physiaD,happines in jective terms
number of shopping centers and secre
io), and integrative happiness or ral
fel for pple This study concluded that
subjective happiness is higher than the cbs
ehe and therefore more integrative Data
from that stud indict that zens want
more green ares, les alr pollution, lest
lie, food quality water and good santa
tion follows that urban planning should
put eat on cresting living conditions
‘hat influence the mood of te people and
not ust in planning forces (ANR.
2009)

So then the cy as shown the rule ofthe
reise ofhe company andthe time at
he founded. Grece and hs ago Roma fr
vorng the common good with quedas
Sd roads Fass with o gardens and bau
Terands 1 pease ele In the lst century
architecture and uste hate tried to
eme spaces of comas, sometimes with
cut suze Jane [abs since 2960 even
aimed thatthe sets were fendly and
Safe because they were hate aná expt
need by many people harhlycricning
the destruction of public space: enti
ing the cases of violence in everyday Le
‘what compiles in his maseriec “Deth
nd Life of Great American Cher abead
innovative proposal in urban terms and
"Beonomy of Cis exablished principles
and bates in force to thi dy.

‘The hopes puri of happines involves
exceed the Hits of disciplinary lok in
lion claims the connection of social
sienes and natural sienes a well she
individual atthe time ofthe collective

‘The iy and has ben a hated project
place where it is neesan to promote the
Common good anda sata ca
be buitin ioltion The ity challenges us
not tive together but to progres toga
ce We peckaly wil nt agree on à Single
definition or hapiness. which does not
mean ifs not one of eur purposes where
Weile hat proven o be a cemtrl comps:
men forever,

een
EERE o
BARR gina coupe
> ratte cnn
ES re ora
E mentes
e
ca
EURE

Participated anamorphic
art against the
suburb degradation in

contemporary cities
Alessandra Pagano, Mariano Marmo

Degradation as inspiration and matter
ofthe artistic installation

‘The project focuses on the abandoned con.
sercton se of the Fils mero tion
naples. Lne 3 which inthe original plans
Should hav Den an important flay i
tenection. The Ficinls sation seves di
ect Pina and Sesmpia dirias, but
cual alo represents he min ees
Naples forpeoplecoming romthenonheast
regional ata The station ia fundamental
plein the dtc of Pcinol and cam.
inst ao tb inkbetweenthese to At
the present ine sme temporary fences con
rely mask the widerpread degradation,
channeling passenger flows though the
shondoned etalon tothe ri ptes.
‘This paper presents the project andthe make
ing ofan an installation forthe Pina
subway sation. based on a specie proie
tion method, called anamerphsis, whose
sim sa panicipaiv mas ation tirol
Toca residents through the collaboration of
vbeicchilren

Westrongly eleve acabe anni
ment fr education ad soil developing.
‘The main alm ofthis prot was to unlock
the cae tun in which uban de
ade generates sc deeadtion. thst
sent evovesinvandlim essing the
fear of investing in projet that could be
ih deroyedty len ations. ten
fining the hopeless whiners who reduce
‘he imposi fan improvement to the
lack of funds, we decided to rake the de
red urban content a communis and
an experiential mater transormin those
spaces into meaning places

Stampa a ie de, in which the
legis of contemporary at market are a
tonal not succesful Ama oriol
allie work nied andy the fer
lt ofthe habita in which twat Born, open
to hetero and tthe transmis,
bat imendedtobe a fictoroftansormation
Sell remain rgenerein dynamic for

‘the community emily based ona di
fee perception ofthe spaces

In Piel, and even mote in Scampi,
physical and soil degradation ar strongly
Fake to ech other Scampia sa eo fr
‘hecontemporary periphis and pes
the place fr egal atve and bral
aba violence. The Vek themselves te the
symbolofan architects and oral le.
Arma no tete cmthewidespresd
rural degaation to transform it ito à
tement of hope through the stration
fs pose meaning by an atic proj.
‘that ads new signs to the ones already ex
sing. On the degraded concrete surfaces it
is common to discover some messages st
ing expressions of hope and redeeming. al
hou be Imposible oestegeize
‘hse wrtngs as ceros ulate expesions
case fe lack any rapie poet
With the exception of the colored mural
painting by PeiePignatare andthe pro
fective bonne by Rara Lama who
men cent conciences aint the
‘dition to the Camorra ake eis mere
Spprpriste to rad the spray painted signe
Ss requests tht are sl ot sutured in.
Sh atic form, bat nonetheless declaring
drama sol condition andthe with to

Citizens active participation
Since ts Ars phases Amar:
sidered to involve the Teal community o
"trengthen the Meni feling to trasto
‘he Pia station fom an ananymau
snddepaded ans puce io ste thatthe
community ould cogne ao.
Soe desided to transform the ston nto
pate a galley. an extended Lo.
‘ory Sr experimentation and contamina.
tion of contemporary languages constan
ilguing with the nearby geopaphil
and social su, 1 generate a one ste
to ink ehiens to her quer. in which at
and silty become chances to reflect and
indenstandeontempora word

‘We wanted to activate inchs process to
experiment good paces in sight of ae
ution and a developing ofthe tent
‘hough new configuration fr the sie of
publ space

In collaboration with the Asesor Faber
(Gaeta of Wee and Social Policies Depa
rent of Comune d ap, i was posible

to Bnd two testo center that ou ne
volve a very important par of the pop:
Hom the youths.

‘The IC San Gaetano School and the Educa:
sion Center “Limprnta = OH Uo!
rade posible 16 invoke about eighty st
dents respectively fom primary to mile
‘shoals andinthe ae group betweensixand
cighteen peas ol,

‘es several meetings with the Kid and af
ter making them ware ofthe transforms:
ion tht we were abut to make inthe ta.
ton weassgnedanactvetskinthe project,
toeachofthem

‘The moral FIORE TRA LE SFINE (FLOWERS
[AMONG THORNS) whose tex was chosen
‘mong several interesting suggestions fom
‘he paniciponsfromthe Center Llmprona
Chievo Uam”, was conceivd as trans-
Lemon of sigas and mesnings string
fiom a wall smeaced with bad gs à
‘wooden fame hs been leon lin arder
to slice smal pec of ura to ibe
cures poet

‘The tangle was gradual invaded by the
color of spay cans in a game of facial
Shops and coll names ex and hou.
etes of hands without any competition ot
mp for inv amaron withthe
Pleat facathanic ami etre che.
Pa participation: this dense ttre rm
the subsite whist was posible to ap-
ply white cout of pant, which let apps
the shout of the phrase creed by the
len, while the painted background a
Samed the le of connective tse fr the
‘ign (eters) and the meanings the sch
mesa ofthe sentence che) to which
they were add

A playful art installation
Anamorphoss produces an active involve
met of the observer through a playful di
‘mension which includes the subject within
the installation sel. because the perep-
ion of pei conditioned by the viewers
interpretation of signs.

[Anamorphoss inet away to mislead the
ewer eye bt an evident overlying of
front reales The cbeever & not in
used to believe thatthe new shape can
vista theyre perceived and there is no
ième sel to hide or transfor the

esitingeneirenment in erorofa fle per
secte

The anamorphic instalaron inthe Pico
ola ton ate instruments o amplify the
mechanisms of reltonship between in-
haben /posenger andurban plies, nor
derto make the individual participan and
conscions.A large anamerphie Isllaton.
Induces the aber to change his sal
perspectives and to recnsider his potion
napa tobe able to perc

In the mural LA CULTURA E LUNICA
ARMA DI RISCATTO (CULTURE IS THE
(ONLY ARM OF REDEMPTION) the ply
chrome fis geometries very onthe pr
active of space a fie drawn ona tran
patent plane placed between the observer
And the realty th operation however. is
very comple because the elementary ge
mty ofthe ler, which spear in the
final image, i deformed prospectively
long the uses ofthe real spice, hough
3 feometical method bated onthe ental
rotons

This illusion can be epitomized in the
transformation of stwo-dmensonalimage
On one ot moe surfaces fely arranged in
spe

In this way the overlaying ofan anamor
phic instalen in the space ampli
the common inborn characters of toth the
transformed image andthe perceived ene
‘The architecture in thera tiimenional
pce will appear tobe the background and
the hint fora diferent and mor complex
message, thus becoming a painting can
as ahedy containing the crestve spk
to start from during the creative proces.
In ft the contribution coming fom the
space where the work of at bem andin-
stalled snot only the physical suppor for
the new sigs. but Inspiron n the
fist plc. isa starting pont hinting how
toworkon the surfaces andeven on voids,

For the obsewer anamorphosis ia sim
Jus fora complex and dep ito ofthe
spe, in which the “surprise element
38 not the only researched effet, but i is
fuantinal to gener an intense cure
which mil lr a ne way o look a hat
spaces. The mi

ses and observe thi kindof particule per.
active spaces which are “augmente” by
the intodaction of anamerphisign.

is the veal instrument to

Kir
JA! Air A
¿ea |) bai >

CA

New temporary
perspectives for urban
spaces

Alessandra Pagiano, Angelo
Tggianese

An artiste installation and a new
temporary ie for the city

‘This paper describes Epfane dela ie
tion Tumba, an ar installation.
‘red out in 304 nv Scala (Mapes)
fon the ceeasion of eMaggio al Moment
er amare Nap sponore bythe City of
Naples the Univesity of Naples “Federico
IF and the Ordine deli Archie PFC di
Napoli provincia

‘The aim was to transform a pve and ts
fruition through luminous and spatial
performance, giving anew ie to places
Ted hay in the everyday ations, with
the tiger fan event that destined
tollve ina determined and programmed
ped of ine

‘The main ool used inthe configuive e
tion i the snamorphowls (which tray
means “reconstruction of shape: à ge
mues method to tansribed images tht
reeompote themselves ony when viewed
from certain point ofview. In our applica
tion his lion nothing mare than the
transformation ofa quotation, produced
Voy the conical projection ofthe 220 light
points on 0 vil plas appropritly
placed inthe pace. The tex comes get
breed though flection inthe mi
‘The sigas ofthe city merge with the at
form in à unique and evocative image
in which the dialogue between cloud of
light points appropitely placed im space,
mio andthe users showed the playa
stade of perspective application allow
ing sto experience the rea expresiv po
rentals of anamorphosis in the fragmenta
ion parties

Ah dimensional cloud ofligh points
Spatial transition fsomething th ti
has 0 Be perceived a à two-dimensional
test but that, inthe diet view, does ot
ive up ts independence, the eeltin if
isc wo impose ef to dominate
the pace na manner seemingly random.

In a moment, rom a well determined po
sition everthing back inthe eight place
andthe server an put order betwen the
paies can tes and understand the rue
mueaning ofthe work, giving a meaning to
hechos becoming the crestor of ality
‘that can become manifest only through is
tye ina transformation from ral o the
ial space

“Nate aparea ie a dia
¿mates co loca Each Pacs
send aten sota prrncia./Bscit,
come area À Oman, ma seme pro
rit come leal che ssambia na
Ter de weit al ers, era mamada de
age, olerapıezeal ati ol dee al
met. come pare para soma ch
idée gl lr, evene en av

Per Polo Pasolini

hi the stating suggestion of Enfin
dl visten talline lamina à que

tation rom the work Afibularon of Fer
Pack Palio

‘This very sing contrat between ternal
spd ephemeral Between the state nature
ofthe weten word and the dynamin of
the pronounced one is the main anís
suggestion ofthe light installation fr via
Seal in Naples

A pedestianprecict aman ing room
‘through that every day people hastily pas
or where they tay with ends, the theater
rely in which no script determines
‘the ations but that the richest and the
picturesque scenery afuneonsrous cara

ter gestas, ations and dislogues Words
pronounced nevery moment in anuncon

Selous bt authentic way without ling
Sry tae fthemieles only a memory for
the Snelocutors, à witnes of thet lives
nd their eotionships with thers. À set
of sounds the voice ofthe iy in constant
transformation, of the dll becoming. the
story of concrete actions in the tansion
fromthe heaviness ofthe mater fie eal
worl the ephemeral ofthe fading light

rile dla soe. staaine lamest
wants to stage just that ambiguous sel
orship between the to dimensions of
the word generating an imermpton of the
monotony of everyday le. an invito
on to stop and elect on meaning, à
social game, a ideo sole in which the
apparent solutions nothing diferent fom

the question to think about ee the wor
read them and then, if you will reflet on
the meaning hat they carry with them. A
test thatalks about tel about itsesenee
ad tha inthe anamorphi transition
tet to make concrete the ambiguity and
the dilectical relationship between wait
Sng and pronunsstion between stable and
cable

And so, in a moment. from à unique and
determined postion the set of pats 3
umes a shape, FOOR WORDS. like those
of Homer thot that remain onthe books
but jt moving and step by sep we con
see ther fagmentation. their vanishing
turing int confie mast of points that
move say fom each other mingling with
ach cher ying away with lie

Realities apparent in contas, diferent
ftom ech ther ha find thet relation
Inthe same substance: a et of LED Bar are
Va bart lights in space andlear words
on alt Surface, relationship matas
dependence and, contemporary. concep
tual denial The staging ofthe at we ell
Ailogu, doing which or a moment, the
sound takes a meaning becomes under
‘tandableand then goes way to silence

Perceptive suggestions and enjoyment
of the space”

The vison i the voluntary action with
which people contrer their own tality:
personal word that, from external su.
eto through the eyes, moves diet
{nto the mind ofthe beholder. owing aa
tional elaboration y brain

Among the many Kind of art forms based
fon perception, ansmorphosis the geomet
ica technique widely ured in th baroque
pevicdto creat vial llson canbe con
videre an indispensable tool to link the
tof perception tothe use of place
roma praia pint af view the willto
work withthe light was another too to
Expand the sense ofthe ephemeral some
thing tht remains silent during the day
last immpetceptible thanks to he height
fintallation ofthelighing structure but
that inthe evening. when darkness allows
Tight the gests expression, manifests its
pretence without rearing to the heat
ess ofthe mater ethereal glows a the
poor word that are spoken by passers by.

What makes people happy?

The case of social housing

in Brazil

ter Adriana Portela, Inds Quinta,
Andressa Rocha, Ellen Antonello

Svat Cantrell Xavier

Ane gam ace veegeled by u
hangings ive and who mikes pop fr

spableof producing. strong relationships tht can ext between of publ art C si
Dia Tige je in hote places and ar now organising
2 Dia Pa many le in Baril mani tog
feferences he iy wt
D ln carta pl ‘with ahigh m

An example ft tion can been in
Vis do Autodroma where people have the
ficial eights t ve that, they did et in
‘de plot of other people and even them
te going tobe removed,

In this context, this meearch was devel
‘opedin the eld of Environmental Pacha.
fy in onder to understand through user
perception and cognition what makes à
Place fel ke home for people and what
rakes people fel happy with thei neigh:
baurhood, The concept of user perception
i related tthe proces by which uses get
visual information o places through stim
These mul ae physical elements of
ble spaces such signs shapes colours
fbuidigs see umitureandsoon.The
lane principle des nt needto be elated
ety to vial mul inked o phys
caleharacterises of place, The coaiton
proves involves symbole meanings a.
lated with places, and can be inluenced
Voy user urban content, values, culture and
individual experiences This at definition
ges with what Nicholas Meader, David
Ursel and git Gtenleben ty in the
paper Cultura Theory and Quality of Lit
(006 pá people do not pecevethe en
ronment through clear eyes but through
perceptal lenses colouted by their weld
An approach suggested by Lang (2987) in
(ists tht the process of perception and
‘ogition invlves thie interlinked fe
tots 3 mul sensorial perception. ayb
le mesnins, nd the reltionshipberween
these symbol meanings and the physical
haracteritisy of the Bult environment
In this aprosch user perception involves
rove han à mer intellectual action
related to an observed objects this also
Tinked with the cognitive proves fom the
fit stage. Consequently, the rn of the
processes f perception and ecgniioncon
ttes the mental representation of the
public space tht what people valut a
posvecr negative whentheseetscae e
Sayed,

In this study the concept of sifón is
apple to erate the gusty ofthe bil
environment. Santi invokes some
thing that has been experienced by wer,
nd doesnot need to involve comparison
among thing. According to Avery Guest
and Barea Lee (5983, ADO) satisfaction

she tai value fof 3 place to meet
certain baie needs, which em ange rom
Social ative to physical characters.
Ins involved in urban judgements, which
may conespond to sales of evaluation
such a Bentifal-ugly,plessnt-unples
art, Ikeable-ilksale, and good-bad
Arthur Stamps, in his book ‘yehology
nd the Aesthetic ofthe Built Environ:
rent 1000), establishes tha his ind of
Judgement allows comparison erwcen dif
ferent usergropintermsotevalstion of
stoetcapes, and between physical char
teristics ofthe pabl space and user valo
ation of turban quality.

‘There ds agreement in the Beta that
complexity is a neestuny condition for
satin. Robert Ventur, which his
book Complerty and Contradiction in
Architecture (1972), and Daniel Berle,
which his Con, Arousal and Curis
Ty (1960, were the ist researches 10
explore the principle of compleity in ur.
an retaper Venturi confonted ideas
related to modern architecture which
prometed. places with low complex,
while Beiyne addesed the same propos
ons a Venturi but nan approach which
attempted to identify variables that may
result in places Being perceived positive.
[the same period. Rachel Kaplan work
(2976 idetiied negative implications of
environments perceived sstoo complex ot
{eo monotonous on use behaviour such
Ss dificult wayindng due to too high or
tos ow via simulation and lack fin.
here. The new social housing states pro
‘noted by the Federal Gorermentin Bail
remarked by low variation and ota mo
‘stony creating inthis way pices ot pe.
ceived poste by its ure users
Weber (1995 and Lang 1987) show tha,
cording to er perception and eras.
Sion there ia velationship between the
fective dimensions of pleasure and ‘in
terest with complexity. fn terms of the
dimension of pleasure this schricnship
is dietly proportional until an optimum
Js eathed: when his limits exceeded the
relitonship becomes inversely propor.
onal. These researcher arg tht there
Ine Been several temps 0 define this
prim level, but the numberof factors
‘that influence user perception and eraun-
tionof the physiesl environment so high

thot no clear definition can be made. On
the other hand, in terms ofthe dimension
ter, the relationship with complex
y is always rectly proportional, In this
regard. this study will Invsigated how
lernt combinations of physical aspects
influence on user responses

In this sense, this investigation seks to
demonstrate throughs methodology deve
oped fr teaching and esearch ina module
named Perception and Anais of Urban
Space of MA Cours in Architecture and
Urbanism at Federal University of at
in Braz the importance of sense of place
and aesthetics on residents quality of ie
in areas marginalized by the government.
IR ie intended thatthe methodology ap.
led inthis study andthe results obtained
can guide the production of social housing
in Brn and in other counties a well in
3 much better direction than thas been
done now. The focus here was the appli
onof panispstory methods such as infor
mal interviews and questionnaire to en:
{iy elationshigs between schiteture and
motional ate residents sah a api
ness and sadness from diferent neighbour
od ality of fein thi pape read
to changes in mood and stes conditions
by which many resident have been ex
posed nowadays One ofthe variables eae
Ing these health problems can Le inked to
the visual chaos the ban scene

‘This study was conducted in 2013 withthe
paricipation of postgraduate students.
‘This paper ecos onthe alas ofthere.
Iatsnship between they and practic in
shirt and urban design. highlight
Sng the importance of applying pnicipa-
tory methods to ft information to design
dechions in ares of te urban and 10.
Cla interventon Thisinestigation isvery
‘oncernedwith the ap tht exists between
the academy studies and the results pro-
ducedby profesional practices.

Research objectivos
‘he paper eek o dently whether there
Jsatelationshipberween user perceptions
and evaluations of vial quality oftheir
neighbourhood and use beharisun and
mod (happy Sadness) examining how di
ferent types of sreeticapet influence on
people qua of if Responses of total
Sample of go regent in three diferent

Ut nd sol cots ne sap felts (Sur Ear Rc eo Fea)

neighbourhoods wer investigated inorder
© entity posible causes of positive and
egaive mood reactions There ae std
ies inthe erature (Korpela, 003: Ker 6
“acon 1999 Stats tall 997) tht already
indiestedths interme ofemotional states,
people ae Sensitive ta ce

postions and living ot walking though
etai ares of city may cause changes in
their mood and behaviour

Inthe regard the research question inves
tigated here was: Do people are happier
swith their neighbourhood in a high In
Come neighbourhood with mor ordered
tretcape and better Instructor and
han design or dec net mater andthe
Sense f place ls the hey to have dynamic
reighbourhoods?, As afirmed by the ar
het researcher Ral Weber (995
tre! the mote orderly config
higher is aesthetic value. Weber (199)
gres with Arnheim (1977) who sa ta
<sdess an indispensable aspect nl ind
€ configuration (physical and mena)
According to both authors, endered com.
perception and evasion Although user
‘rahaton canbe influenced by particular
Sspeiense prefereces and fein. the
perception of onder evaluated a postive
y almostal people

formal com

Methodology design
The ty chosen cae study wat Flota.
he south coat of rai nes Uruguay and
Argentin, The sity comprises neighbour
hoods with strong histori: heritage bu is
raked by high ssialdferences between
these places gue 2

lected to gather the necessary information
to answer the zserch question: trate
review of prima and secondary sources,

‘Bout Histo soil and comport
spect of each neighbour

observation of physical chances of
bling fen Infrastructure and ban
design in each mighbouthood informal in
here and qustlonaie. The sample
ves randomly selected yo respondents in
‘achat, The seche tp people on
he sets and knocking on th houses a
ing whether the vesdets would ike to par
ip inthis survey. The Bed wok ated
stout two months, Nonpatameti tests
and mean values were adopted o analyse
the dita ctained om quetonnstes The

Software package adopted for the sii
ana was SPSS. The any of informal
interviews, which were configured a cow
sertions between the caches and the
interveweck when they wer filing out he
questions proue crucial allowedto

derstand variables that only through the

ut woud not be iene such
{ithe sense of eighbourhoed The oly pre
regubteto be ps ft survey waste te
in one ofthe neighbourhood analysed and
tobe a lent 18 year old A questionnaire
seth 29 leed questions was applied um
desand wht makes people fel happy (o
Sad) with thee neightourhoed and siden
Hals

Different neighbourhoods where analysed
inter cf vial qual, The stat were
st compare response of sient (A) En
à Iewincome neighbourhood located near
he main water canal ofthe sity (in a mid
le income neighbourhood located in the
por ateaofthe iy which hasbeen teens
edly the sento of university buldog
and ©) in aigh income neighbourhood lo
‘sted ina new ate and considered tobe one
ofthe most expensive lind vale ofthe oy.
"These areas ate namedas Bl ewncomne
seighbouthood). “A

eighbouthood) and Zona Nore (high in
come neighbourhood.

(middle income

Main Results and Discussion
The vers indicate thatthe major of
es ram euch analysed area like to Ive
there (67% in Fort 100% In Zona Norte
96,7% in a) andthe man reason for
‘hat ete in Zona Nae (he high income
selghbourhood) almost 508 of residents
mentioned the pro with sie and
commerce such bakery burstep and dug
Store (i) in Balsa (he lowincome neigh
bourhond) 6e of residents sid thai is
cae frenda and Elly Ie nea. and
¿iD inPoro the middle income igh
Mood ete inthe por res) people were
divided between thie main reasons 103%
of uses mentioned the appearance bull
ines 2075 the proximity with services and
commerce. and 17% the fact that fends
‘pdf ee ney. shows that even in.
‘he ea where the fil cess to nf
ture and ban designate issues that are
me povided by the leal ator Cn the
Tewsncome neighbourhood) the potty
wäh family and fonds cese 3 network
ten residents im thi ara what makes
they like olive there, prometng a sense of
plate. Considero the total sample here
coman between building appearance
sde withthe respect

reighbcshood Gpesman= 047 gro).
and comeaon between ueninern wth
he Suetscape of thee neighbeurhond and
‘wets mood peaman- asta. Sg-0000) The
flowing tendencies were vere As more
Teal the ailing’ appears more
interesting i the meighbouthocd the ore
interesting the neighbourhood happir fal
‘hei tents The mary of ses fom
Lana one (73399) and Poo (467%) eva
ete bling of he neighbourhoods a
‘ery bestial oes while in Bal
30% ofen sore thi some view and 66735
ses lay the bling a ot ben
Anh very uly’ Repring perception ot
ines the many of respondents in orto
(862%) and Zona None (26.5%) vale the
arte ofthese aes as ve interesting”
teresting while in ua 3% of uses
She ts same view and sh user eval
‘sted this as ether ring ibero
Fnteseing or nt inteceing.

When ann reportes of mides in
Baka paa, as ound accion he
tween user mood and uses ner withthe
eee of their neighbourhond (pes.
rane 0594, Sraoor). and between uses
red and bull! appears Spear
0598 sg-co1)'As mere bent tbe bil
ngeappenaneandintersingthenegheur
oo calmer and happier wll el he sen
his ene even whenthey sy aby eto
lveinthisaeacthe cyte els shot
‘he qual frs resident intemsof
min ae ca be improved y te rea
ion of buldog appearance ad interes
with the suetape The Het evi a
ody said htt ne er teres with
estes the bes fatortobe considered
À he ncening of uban comple with
withthe vain of phys ape ofi
nes rb rite and ber lement th
compote the sie rn,

‘these tine te mot fuses in Basa
sy tha they el cee (534%) and cal
(617%) when walking In their efec
‘ocd. and Very well nd Well when ave
home (330 When qutning whether
Bew pope el when y come bk their,
hote 69% of un fom Bus fe
‘ery Bape’ < app, whe in the pin
come lcd hat fl these
nd an donot have iron nelson o
ii tite ber ton th re
related 15 te insta big pp

srceandubandesgnarinfecingtht
essor important to Mg
6b of ses who names he guesonnse
Tre mere than 10 jes Bla, whe in he
ahorros oss ve motethan o
ye Th fo hada nf imp onthe
vel cto s familia withthe ng
Venid andthe sense pe crested the
ses ta th srl news tate
en people inn n ses alos
clheerighbsrhond adver mond,
‘The ana from the dra bined fom the
interviews ented the mary of peo
pe whe ive inthe highincome neighbour
hood ae guessed wii pie bu st
‘he sae ime they ar ves uns wih
safe sues, Trcugh the nenes was
pas to emi hat they fel une to
sal in the suet and get int her hause,
nd they de ct know thems of thir
iban consguerh they dnt we the
pe every muchduetotos problems
Cnthectherhandpeopewho ive inthe Lo.
Incomeneighburhood stich thir
real ae because ef wht the Inte
recognise = Vene of place, According to
the may o siden in the ow income
Débat. they are happy with hen
caus ofpymbole meaning aad tthe
Place The vial onder ofthe ple
men ot come ut avale ar in
nce ser xisooninttics
‘The min nes show tht onder in feral
competion of cade uta design ann:
tue ae vate haine quay of
Thomas inthe income meighteood
‘he imp tpsychalgelsens coman
sand neighbor tions ae more poro
than the hei ofl when ori
int induce on mond andemstinlste
ren, Raider in tend be hap-
pr and ssl than resiente
eigen which monty ar concerned
eut secur sus Ick of mattenance of
ing det gaia poor ighingcond
ns nhs onen the ene of pave proves
‘ote an imponant fein disnei.
ted shouldbe code in prepa fnew
social housing. Unerunat), in neighbor
Todt of higher sock nd conan clas,
wale seme of lace ws Et ing
‘he design peces andthe consequences
notion efenienment tht do ter
social inerion in publi spe and genere
tecnic inthe tete

“The els puting In dou the importance
of vin order on sec tation wire
len eas asthe nl important ise The
mar of rope whofe inthe ow insorne
ego re very happy with ter e
ei ase ec what be Here me
rines a ens plc ls ope are
casio brought by hist brings tothe
cadmio el he importe of srl el:
tons inthe sphere publi nlghbohood
spd ey e hoped that arch planen
and ton deines be aware that Bef o
‘the dsgnpcces freien ares ii
import 1 ie the intangible wales
that build sense of omni and ego
hook AS ares sd by Antone Pros (199.
‘B16 inhisbook Hier of Pvt Life fom
the Fas World War tothe een dy, the
sense ph connec nego residents
in an intense network of urban and social
elos summarized in ft theres more.
than a mutual knowledge: thee is a sch
onset. Bask ident oeighorhond or
lage sees cei tention ah cho,
sine he ay the pi. Hehe wil ceive
Small ewards ach a ses, grin ex
‘hanger fie word a frein 1 e known,
recoge and applied.

Rens
a Ro) Dar.
Beier tert ¿Comas

+ RES Qu rad once

+ Shea eee Ain eco zac
inn en conto ped

A tan at onde
In te fo oo ne
Epic ot eet nn

men and nung

Mn

+ Tr dra en e
Bde ns m Dome
Fe

een
tte! ay a lyf Bien
BEA Gh els dd
dora aS

+ Sopp Asn, ety est
Pen ee
‘omen

+ ac Et adn

ohms Cake ahaa,
+ Whee pe One tes gene
A arab he Sn ede

Gr Pret acia Spe see
Sig

The sick city sickens
Maria Quarto, Annamaria Kislinge,
DonatelaTramontano

Introduction
Cis ate the place where people inter
met exchange knowledge Quoting Bra
del (is) at ike eanstoeersthey in
‘resi the tension, precpie exchanges
scramble endlessly mens lives Source of
al inmortion technological and coe
amie, stes an alo become cae of di
ses, her structure hasbeen and wil
boe incresingly nuchal tour beak

‘The WHO hs engage the cls ink
eeween development uibniztion and
hein thatthe heath ofthe urban.
population song influenced by phys
a social economis cultural cars cd.
ing processes of social agree. miga
tion, moderizaon and Indutrhliuien.
ná also circumstance urban learn
change withtheclimstepopution density.
hosing Belles, the india! rato,
anspor systems Within his content pro.
tection and prometion of ha in bon
sings should be a pro for every gor
ramen if nt the port

Now days sites are faring unbelievable
demographic changes population aging
and à new urbanen wave, fo which
oy 2090 cities will host 60% of he wor
population. Unprepared to deal withthe
ing population and to address the new
muss ers, the gest urban centers te
growing poorly. Schizophrenicies where
imaginativo and fseinaing “ar object”
se proudly placed while publi pace are
nomexisent or abandoned and neglected,
Where pil growing suburbs ae rapidly
transforming into sloms and “informal
rings“, where poor quality of the urban
form tums into poor quality of fe the
y reflets ourself deo righ now this
idea appears be sd gray and especially
Selfish Cities re Becoming ugly ut abo
wished unwelcoming and excluding. lc
where people clashes bu dee at meet,
‘where bates imposed by the urban frm
seduce the chances of meeting and being
together which in turn generates tention
and sharing. Ths, por quality of the u
an fms turns ints poor quality of Kl,

generating a sente of srangeneis toward
place and people and in so doing nobody
feel to belong 0 anywhere and anybody.
Heartless space, deprived of the posi:
pto be measured and lived wth the body,
isppess a symbols entity on which
to build community identity The space ex
onde and isopesrs inte med window
here S nothing lett defend themselves
than to barricade themselves at home,
losing. estranging slang, A that is
‘outside ie sensed a a snare. The price of
poor urban form ip social lation. There
[strong evidence tht high level of scat
sation negatively impacts on health out
comes and deste management (4 Lack
of social connection, whether pereived
for actual induces ares response within
the Body. The ativatin of tes responses
removes energy and rescues to numerous
physiological processes wef for main
Thing the homeostasis of the organ.
swith a powerful impart onthe cardiovs
Clr and the immune system. Ts. poor
‘cial connetin can ei negative phys
cal responses e. high Blood presu, in
omnia) and mental dies (eg. anxiety.
depresion) (3). These findings indice
ha the influence of social relationship
on the ik o ds are comparable with
wellesublised ick fctots for monaliy
Such as smoking and alcohol consumption
nd card the influence of ther ik fc
torssuchas physiealimaetvty and bes
Conversely, Individual with adequate so
cial relationships have 3506 peste ike.
ihood of survival compared to thse with
poor or Insuficien socal elatioship.
‘The magnitude of this fret comparable
with ultingsmoking anditexceds many
vuelo sk factor for menalty (eg
‘best, physialinactivi. parco,
INTERHEART cae control study aros 53
counties found thatthe presence of psy
‘hosel stressors was associated wih in
creased sk of cute myocanda infarction
(OTs was sl signifiant afer adjusting
ferethercatdionasula rk fon The ef
fect of tes was independent ofsciece
momie satus and smoking, and occured
con all geographic regions and age
groups. and in Both men and women. The
Suthor concluded tha aprosche aimed
st modifying psycho socia ses shouldbe
developed. Social lationship bated inter

vertons representa major apporta to
enhance not only the qualiy flifebut lo
Survival Social alain as a funtion of
locaton ie ack oftranspoation danger
ous suburbs) has been demonstated, par
ica fr the older adult in urbanized
settings in anumber countries.

Im this view, a urban form that reduce
meaningful "place inbatwees? where
people can met al ash, and make di
fale aces bre asi, induces
social elation thus inluencing health. In.
Search of ssatgy to counteract socal lo
Aston and its consequences on helt. the
role of leisure actives was investigated
and rele indeed that curl ando.
‘lal engagement can be an important tools
to increase and to matin soil connec
tion (7. The existing evidence show that
cat partition may have tong and
Significa effets on lie expectation and
‘more recent esearch seem to suggest hat
the impact equally strong in terms of
felfrepoted peychologia! wellbeing. In
oras rs out that cultural nich
ptionis thesecond predictor prycholog
cal wellbeing ate (presenceatsence of)
major andin th respect has ag
flan stronger impact than variable
Such as income, plate of residence, ae
¡gender or ocuparon. The eects panic.
Tay strong fr he serious land thee:
dey where peycholegea well being gaps
between subjects with cultural access and
subjects without cultural acces is huge
The Ine 20008 ci has deeply affected
the ty of Naples and its metropolitanas
woneningthe dramatic consequence ofthe
Sell open wound ofthe 1980 earthquake,
Reconstrction’ ended up in an uncom
tolled devastating ovebuildin in Naples
subte whee soon after organized crime
lant were moved. These stos together
with progressive and song deindustat-
asin. high level of unemployment and à
Tage infla of egal immigrant workers
ad explosive consequences on the break
down of the socal fibre that rom the
specie subs spread lke wile tothe
tie city of Naples At presen, cal degra
ion and impoverishment, atonal wide
cil with the consequent cu in health
nd else increasing fut in Local
publi transportation. had a song impact
fon city qual of ie, making day by dy

fe dica in particular forthe more fog.
le part ofthe population like the elder.
On this base we ide to investigate per
ceived wel being and reslienee andere
Tañon with uta nd socal engagement
perceived health and eco lation in the
muesooltan ara cfthe cy of Naples,

Methods

“oases the modes and intensity of acest

to cultural experiences, and hs elation with

perceived wellbeing, resilience and per
hr health an adhoc quesionnie has
een developed comprising the follwing

2 Socio demographic infomation Age
sex, pce of Hirth education emply
ment rita satus

ho Selfemponed welling refering 10
the pas a wee according to POB,
S 6 hemo analog the falling
domainsAnsiy, Wisi, Depressed
road, Selfeomrl Posie wellbeing
aná italy on at sele)

€. rires scoring to Connor David
sonreliene sale CD RC tes (5)
items à CAble to adopt to change?) and
8 CTendto bounce bak fer nes or
haiship on as oto à

à extent of seta network

$ panicpation to cultural and scale

style habits, PC use, smoke die
physical activity. transportation

1. Selfepeted dignosed dieses

À created perceived heh tts

The guestionnaire was submited 1 stun

1 Audience ofthe Ari Moe, more lab
lected in Fonte a guburban nigh
berhosdinthe east par of Mapes:

2. Ourpaients Cardo Clic of the Uni
very of Naples "Fede I Medical
School Unversity Hospital. The ques
tionnsite wa administered tothe cu
patient inthe waiting oom ofthe in
‘lites while wating admisonto
‘heir clinical sesion and st par of
‘the patent el or

3 Goets to Parishes, Thal Chi classes,
rae pharmacies, beaches and
stores located over the whole meto
plan re of Naples and comprising
‘wealthy middle cas and poor neigh
‘rhode

Tosned GENS pertnnel handed and ex
‘hinedthe anonymous guesionnahetovl
“ater participants which were equeedto
liche questionnaire andto handit back on
Spe On request the handes have sisted

patin ing the questionnaire.

the par

We have collected 1255 questionnaires
Residents living the metopoitan aes of
the ly of apes play a Perceived Wel
Being (WB) sore obs on a sale
0330 Thi value seordingtoChanany and
‘Somorker (x) allt the boarder between
rodent dites and positive wellbeing
fate, Since we did not observed iter
‘nce in PWB and reilence when the thee
groups wereanaljzedsepuatelyallthesubs
Sets were analyaedasngle population.

(Our analysis indicate tha ño ofthe sub
jects partcipat (P) to social and cultor
tities while 6% didnot (NP. Te at

Who are NPP
‘The NP population comprise 4% females
with meanage 62.6749 with aFGWBscore
of rato 56 and 535 males with man
ge 664122 and a FGWB score of 1765
cathy diesen rom tht of female

(pco03) We analyzed socio demographic
Indicators of the NP population and as it

Ss Shown in table x the fender diferent
ig a constant servation. Three dita are
in cur view of pica interes, In the
ivi atu seston FW simil lowe or
‘widow both female and male and in sde
ion tis the lower PWB sore observed or
the male population. On the ther hand
housewives which represent 45% ofthe
NP female population have aPWBscoreas
Tow as that of widows which represent 18%

ofthe NP female population Iterestingly.

tesvalue salmos thee times higher than
the percentage of NP reported elsewhere
forthe lala population (1) FWB sere
SEN subject. 16.2 fll inthe area
ists to moderate distess (0 and itis
significan lowerthan that oll subject

females with an university dere display
WS sore pin higher than male
wich universi degre

Sia | Hale | Pawe [Restience] Female | PGWa Jresiience|
mamed | 706 is] 5307 [sow issus | 9507
‘vowed | 16 | > 6 [183 | sans
widow | 5 [15427 | aus | 86 [mare | sono
singe [af 10706 | em] | 160 [aus
ma | 1er [10206 | ase | 106 | 152 | as
ETT
Hementary | 3% | 17331 fon ee | 5387 ou
Juniors | 3% fuseau] 2 [155853 | 3007
[High sehoot | en | 17257 fesms] us [nea | sir
University | 7% [17361521] ezo | ss [ome | 51.20
ma] 15% | iman [re] 9% Penes | aren
catan
Working | 38%] ases [ear Tera | sea
Meined | as [12720040 5252162 | 10% | 1944106 | seu
House” | nasa] ane
(Unemployed) wok [46752 | ma | a | e a
maux [users uses | 206] mane | sens

‘ugh ende frei pones int al teo AB, ur ta cry te ta
{ease ebene cnr nao PA see eH Pa nat ey re

on tie put he pon

70

60 | m% of subjects
orws

resilience

20
10
o

Good and Better Poor and Worst

Pay de nt e nl en
‘ho ia ao Pen, ox te hn ne nal lg iy» gh PO om
ini ee amor de rb o sb fp of to at De a ee
Se PH con want et cen NP alo eo à et

YES. NO
Physical
activity 13%] 18,9626 | 75%|156626.0 |<0,05
15,9585,
Diet 2896 631|16,37:6,5

ration, 1 ae Puertas ui 27% ns a opor and 23%
ath va

a js wah “yd yu at pnp to yat natn an
‘aisha empate tn nr fe in cing tem ap coe ree
pari ors an sca ais Riese un à

Perceived Health profile of the NP

population.

The subj

ber andthe typeof dipnosed dese

within ist of seats chosen among the

tot frequent inthe western popula

‘The mean number ol diese ported by
NP population was 38227 while hat

reported all subjects wat 3425,

Subjects weve asked ow they considered
ir health stas both at patent and ne

pet toa year before, Th sels in Mg

te 3 indicate that 60% ofthe NP sube
onsiders their health ratos aval a

and yea before with

were athe to tte the nut

han the year before wa
resilence was 6203.

Conclusive remarks
ation ful
social activities onwelbeing ina sample of
people living In Naples metoplten res
se ii gang though very diel
fine of ts ny Leal dination
and impoverstment ae harog a trong
“impact on ci quali ol, making dy by
day ite increasingly dificult for alle
tut in paca forthe more ag par of
be population lke dry In ation. di
ulin transportation it net
ir entire suburbs but a
fn walkin ation, bee
tng to shied the social fabri,
radin I one ofthe main ca of oi
Holton which is awelterognized Best
Fr
mending and ean tools and strategies
areugentlyreguced
a actives help o ight cial io
ad positively creates with heal
thecinema the
es bel han
i nara cul
represent "cheap heh
omoting and preventive’
We analyed 1255 quetiomnares collet
ed in the metropolitan rs of Naples, us
aa indica that this sample population
display a ROWS score by an large toward
the modeste ditesed mood in etpe

0 nthis cenar fonda

ss

40
3s
30
25
20
5
10
s
o =

slam not interested

‘m why do you not perticpete?

2-1have economic S-thave physical
problems imation

4-There aren'tcloze
faciities orthey are
dieu to reach

RS ne he aad oc ek an lt with PO, 6% Ns ma ac ee tan pape, made en fay

rep

Population ty Chassany and coworker in

3004 by Gro in 20

viipating to cultural and social ai
FWA sore significantly increases, while
subreantally decreatng in non participant
people. Moreover, the percentage

Higher thon that reported eoewheve (+)

tention on the non = patichpating popa

this subg

na lage pa it

Shoop inal suey women BOWS se
Soe the iy nsdn tough he
Se rep somber jc eae

hat healthy problems ae claimed a cause Xtimanet The impact oth ha er
fats nd iin to ech tem ie Fete nuaan
ese Ineringymbentde social. Da Gensel et
ant have mal social network mainly Se Geran ce eon
ving public bath promoting and, age Re one)
femonbeathandonthecherthearaee SAO cept de
em fehl ndschlenggemen IB, por Final Ged Mi
References ico sigs meterte

qe)
eee
ee
en
Sees

EEE ake
Breeze commences
na
e
Peer
BER ass E tm Dei
Dub, Ale Wa cid Dap The che
An
Game
ns Si ia se use anion
een
BR
RR nn
nie
Dame
ÉTÉ
RSR ram
Cokie ecg
lh Api ern guy oe

Public Space and
Happiness in the Urban
Environment

asim Razavin

Introduction
Las Maid with whose wings my
‘own ideas have many points in common,
lies that the mos deadly eric one
‘ould make of modern evasion i that
ie ig not humanly interesting He believes
that intheend such vietnam pro
duce a socety thats mentally unter
Individual im such a society become read
es, ‘spectators. and “passive obsewers
‘that only fellow heroes and heroes in or
der forget their sues. He cines that
the spiritual destruction to cur culture is
ane ofthe mon native effects of modern
vile

‘Wall Haies my graduation projet
for Maser of Selene im Architecture at
Dap Unes Tele The subject of
my project was Pb Spare and Happiness
‘The main question in this project wat how
‘tis posible to bring happiness tothe iy
els by designing a pli space inthe
ban environment ofthe cy of tamb,
‘The ist par ofthis papers atheory base
for my architectural design prosa. The
Intention ofthis par I 10 define 3 thes
retical base for designing a publie space
that brings Joy and happiness to the city
dwellers The Second part f the paper it
the explanation of my design proposal
Wall of Happiness which à concepts
project nthe iy of Istanbul city in the
process ofglbaliston sity the recently
Shnounced thats searching for peace and
Ippines through form o seres of pro
tes Thus the taken potion even more
validinsuch a contr,

There ace diferent definitions or es
my opinion the definition that WHO" ug
ess as compared tothe others, isthe one
thr is more related athe intention ofthis
pape According to WHO, health state
Sf complete physical, mental and socal
rel ing and not merely the sbience of
ee infinity” The definition of the
WHO shes light onthe subjective chars
vecs of heath as being combination of
motional and cognitive with physi fe

ture Thos, ppcholgical well eng sas
important as physical wellbeing

Max Ber explain he subjectivity of well
being an happiness from another point of
ie According him, happiness acom
bination fidealten and cince. He es
hat ts onl elated to idea ike
social reform and religious this, without
‚men heringtheie material andinsttuien.
lacio, Christianity Buddhism, and
ther religions might have crested a pars
die on earth Moreover ft was only about
pplication ofsclence the world would be à
hessen by now: For him, the two notions
ste not yet working together

Murer grees with Bea In hs book Val
us of Survival he writes: if wea to ce
te balanced human beige. we mist give
fs much weight tothe aus of the emo-
tions and 1 the expression of moral and
thai value as we now gie to science,
toinventio, to praiclorganienion One
hou the cher Impsten.

In my opinion e important to consider
this Subjective nature of well eng in ar
hitectaral realm a well If we accept the
Binary ture ofwellbeingarbeing aoc
sted with dls sch physical and spi
tuo or scenic and ideale then the
question would be how architecture can
reflect on this subjective characte
‘Observing natural element and plying
are two principles that an have consider
able rl in the happiness of human being
that can have an effect on Both physical
nd spiritual wellbeing. Ths, his paper
vil party investigate the aldi of this
Supposition and partly will sect on
sxchitectrl representations through ana.
lysing thee cae studies that were working
sith he chosen notions As result f his
study the design proposal deals with the
fame two elements tha will be explained
inthe second section.

Theory
Nature and sen

The fig cf aps connection emo.
floral finite nature san important sub-
ject to consider in designing the cles and
längs Human being used 9 hae his
connection befor hilietion but ater the
invention of machine thi subject has been
neglected and now ii fading away, Mod
er man nervous andunhapy restore,

To his 1958 book, Te Gulre ft, Mam
rd explains the spirual connection of
man to his natural environment He be
Teves thatthe city Should be “a product
feat Bet of ature. mats method of
expresion” Hebelievestltionship tothe
natural environment and tothe spiritual
vales of human community is one ofthe
‘of important subjects to tink bout in
the design ofthe cite; even mor impor
tant than thei physical design or cono
iefunstons,

The notion of nature Loving l not 3 new
subject thas always teen inherent in our
ves either consehush or unconsciously,
Frobably the word Hop explains hit
tendeney of man towards his natural en
ronment best. The term bophis was fst
introduce in 1964 by the German socal
paycholeg, Bre rem, but ater in 1984
leves popularied by Bdtard O Win in
98 ho defines opi a the conne
ons that human beings subconsciously
feck with the rest of I", Por milions of
years inthe process af evolution. human
fad lose relationship withthe natural
environment. Thus haman organiems
Slapions such thoy ofthe brain ae the
result of an evolutionary response tothe
By sudying diferent theories about envi
ronmental psychology. fund the testo
tation theory related tothe main sublet
of wellbeing and happiness, Restoration
means the process through which pple
recover set that they have dim
ished in ther efforts to meet the demands
of everyday le The need of eiterston
Sites in urban enwironments Nature à à
say to get away fom the chaos of urban.
Ife and it let estration because tas
features hat man ins ergaing and ples
‘There ae diferent theories about paycho-
Tegel restoration among which four ate
related tothe chosen principle which is
natural environment in relation 1 obser
‘The fst theory is called Eonia
‘The This theory. defined by Reger UE
vid coneeredwithreroreny ome.
Be explains that ses e pycholoical
proves that threatening to wellbeing,
He explains that when asen evoke fel
ing of plestantnes, calm, and interest es

tonation happens. Thu, would be away
of restoration for one who ls experiencing
‘tiesto continue viewing such ascene,
‘The second theory isthe Ati Retr
tion Temps defined by Stephen and ached
Kaplan in 298) Accoringto them, esters
tion rom attentional fatigue can happen
uring experiences of fscinaion. Kaps
Tans explain tha "fscnaion I engaged
Uy events ory objects or by processes af
cxplving and making sense of sn environ:
ment”, In ther opinion, natural environ
‚ments compared ts cher environment,
afford the experience of being away. as
nation. extent and compatibility more
Natural envionment have rich ese
cal features suchas scenery. sunrise, sunset
tha helps the process of restoration fom
rental aie.

nm opinion. the wo theories that were
introduced above both explain thst nate:
ral environments have aesthetic features
(Which ae pesant 10 human eye, The
esten that thee elements ae plesant 10
human ey, has soos in evolution, I is
‘hi eling of fascination that lesen the
threats to wellbeing such as ses o a
tentionalftgue Both theories prove the
‘ality ofthe hypothesis the roe of ook
ing at natural elements inthe concep of
swell: being

The third theory. to be discussed here is
the Pret Rage They whichis main
ed on the primary need of survival in
human being. This theory was fir into
(ed in 1975 by Appleton assuming the
bly to mate toward gol while sty
ing out ofthe sight ofthe predators the
des of seing without being ten. In this
theory Applet analyzes the landscape c-
coding prospects, refuges and hate.
He divides prospects. of views outside. 12
tao categories f direct prospects like po.
ramas and vistas and inet prospects
such as deflected vistas In his opinion a
‘though hazards may no longer exis, but
the esthetic experience of landscape is
Influenced by objects that symbolize these
notions. The symbole ate of these ob
jects drive rom experience and imag:
Nonafthe ober

‘he at theory that wil be discussed here
Ys the Infrmatmal Perspective Theos Ste
‘hen and Rache Kayaan have been work
ing on ts theory fom 29781 29. This

theory i mainly bated on human evo
tion s tesponsetothe demands of process
ing information fom environment Then
formatonal proves wae 3 way ofsunal
for man to ind hs way. Tis theory alo
fades te human's response to sete
‘uals The intresting thing about this
theory ethat there tension between cr
der and uncertainty in ete response.
‘Ths, although coherence and legit is
seeded to mike sense of environment e
Should be combined with sufficient mys-
tery and complesiy to eme human to
Esther more information”. Complexity
And mystery become important. Archit
tue con reflet on tht ean let the mind
search for more information. ean encour
ge manto imagine
James Tarr an American Land Anis
His Ren Carer peje is one ofthe best
contemporary examples that deal with na
tue and obsemation. It is anaked eye ob-
sentar working with visos phenomens.
Ré Crate has extreme sprl chars
terns. By working withthe concept and
feeling eslogizl ime brings e light
ofthe havens down to ert, inking vis
tor with the cet movements of plan-
ts sats and distant plaies. Ran Crater
sam ee something that pereives he
furoundings et but ae rel explains
himself ti mote about the observers
Seeing and his perception’. The pace is
changing according 1 the atin of sun.
clouds moon, andsessons
An older example of such architecture
would be Jantar Maar in India. Jantar
Matar an equinsctial sundial constract
din 18% century. consis of gigantic
triangular gnomen with the hypotensse
parallel tothe Earthy ait On eter sie of
the gromon sa quadrant of atte, pal
alta the plane ofthe equtor. The ist
‘ments installed in this place ate observ
tonal devices hat measure the postion of
sun. stars. and planets, According 1 Sha
ma the words jatar and manta ox arta
And man) in thet coloquial meanings
‘te eferrng to magical disgams and msg
fea word ptite is thi festa
tht persuades the oberer to connect to
the pita coll information inthe en
‘ronment and pychologicaly restore al.
‘hough tisposiblethat has not een the
Initial intention of designing such space

Jantar Matar à an interesting example
Seni and spiritual els are merged
together in away that they cese a mpae
"ius architecture len mind lat in the
world of imagination. Move interestingly
le lock like playgound, One clits the
tar moves around tools and manipule
instruments to look at nature. Body nd nr
ture coreae In onder o explore the en
‘ene understand the time an pla.

Pay
Home Luni the name of boskby the
Dutch Historian, olan Huiingawhich ws
fit published in 193€, The term means
"Man, the player and the back lea uy
cof aspects e play on culture, According ro
Fuiriga "The fin and fundamentals of
play have been described as à discharge of
Superabundan vital energy. by other as
the sita of some itive itn
or gain as imply a ed for relation
Flay ha a dierent ole on individuals and
socia. Some regar i as taining of the
young eretues fr serous werk nthe fi
fore Some conside ta desire to dominate
cor compete. while others consideras à
say of estration Hulziga continues and
pains that fo imberent in paying and
‘resi all logcalanalysisanditcannot be
reduced to any other metal category.
Hulzng describes diferent characteris
play among which some that re elated
tooursubject wi be explained here. In is
‘opinion. the fit charateriniischat py
À vel chi all about leise,
nat happening during ee tim
‘The second characteris that fi ot
‘ordinary’ or rel, eis about pretending,
rd. it reltedtothe real of imap
nation and is ‘only for fur an ‘ner
Jude in our everyday life a à recur.
relation. Consequently, becomes am
Integra cto ur ves, Rembellihes ie
And e necessary for Both individuals and
society Fay contains expressive, spiritual
and socia vales so gs a cultural fun
tion ts seed activity and contribute
tothe wellbeing ofthe group

‘The bid characteristics that is ephem.
cal but i becomes repetitive. Tati e
fends a acenain moment, butt num à
fixed form as cultural phenomenon. Once
Played, iis retained by the memory and
rarsmit to tradition,

In my opinion, this third character
Tinks the play theory to rule Hem
Murray leet to Mumford describes this
est have always been puzzled ty the
widespread and spontanecus appeatance
regular repetitive sin chien us
ally Boys adults itis ascciated with an
unconscious sense of guilt set
magi and religious Et es more funda-
rental than any often”. Mimi
need by ung’ Ancien Therapy, builds on
‘hit iden thatthe mechanical onder of ital
may have kept ely man, fom going in.
sane, Tome this subject seat play
child playing the same game over and over
spin ado animals. Repetition castes ss
‘oration. The minds nw released fom all
the theats and connect sal to the
Ply is ot only reste inte, bu itis
ltolinitedtospace. There isabwayta pay
round either materially o ideally. Inside
{his playground acti order rules which
bring temporary perfection ok Thor
decis the fourth characteris as Hulzinga
descritos i The dependency Between or.
der and play gives aser properties
‘The elements play se deseibed through
swords that ae elated to aerthetien ten
sion, pose, Blanc, contest, vation, so
lion rection.
‘Thelastchasceistie. as Muleinaesplls,
Is that play has tendeney o surround i
self with some son of secs When ci
re ar playing, the charm tthe pay is
cohancedwhen ih see

An architectural example that works with
the theme of play sa sociocultural con
cept would be New Bale. was project
stated in 195€ bythe Dutch contrer
het, Constant Niel, bated on
the theoties of Guy Dede dand Hung
‘The main idea wat to make every aipect of
the city controllable by its ckizens in onder
tofecus on soil construction ofthe space.
In this project "Home Lud’ manipule
the space by constructing new situations
within the given Infrastructure, The adopt
bly ofthis projet was allowing the us
crstocxplore here though play
Im New Bale abr pace (che
dimension of space) and concrete space
(space of aston) are imeprted mitt
tees hat he detachment ofthese two
ind spaces is the ssl of titan

focey and has an antisail character
Moreover, he believes that the inhabitant,
who are now fe of hard work nd at i
ing nlite environment, can have the
possibility to explote their natural env
Tomment by the proces of retin and e
etesion Inmy opinion. in New Babe a
Htc creates sutopan playgrcund an
environmental exploration Ib that seeks
forhappines ofits inhabitants.

Away of ie Home Lads will demand
firsythaterespondstohisnee play
Sng, for adventure, for mobility, as well a
ll the conditions tha fine the fre
<sestion of his own life, Until then the
principle atv of man had been the
explosion of his natural surcunding.
Homo Lede Hnslt will se to trans.
form. to recreate, hos surroundings, that
word according to his new needs The ex
tion and creation ofthe environment
will then happen to ceincide because, in
reiting his domain to explore, Home
‘Ltd will apply himself exploring his
‘own eration, This we will be presen at
Sh uninterrupted proces of cretion and
esten, sustained by a generalized ce
vy tt manifeste in al domains of
vi

Dai
‘Asa tera ofthe torts search hen
tention of my projet wast achive mental
and physical wellbeing though designing à
publi space in the ity of ask by us
Ing onto lentos were studied bios
ingrato dpi

By analying teo about pryholoiet
restoration found ot hat ate ha pls
Sot and engin properties that tect che
‘restoration peces postive Thee testes
Conf the vay ofthe hypothesis Mote
one hey lied hat certain tata.
‘ments orchasterisics nthe environment
fr prefe y the server which hive the
pstentaltobecome desig ol orinsune
people pre consi envionmets, le
ments orphenemanen such it, panos
mas une sunset, aa and plane There
se abo some concepts that were strated
rom ana coneps ike imagination,
rysteunen or comple.

We referred tothe rol of ply inthe con.
cept of wellbeing. mainly by fcusing on
theories of Hangs.

We analyzed the characteristics

We discuss play somethingwhich
isnot sea Kistelned

the eal ofa

the potential to transmit ttadition
Except forthe theoretical pat of my se
search, which was summarned i
ape have done a contextual est

m Une Publ Spaces inthe Cy of
Istanbul My intention was analyzing di

Function but were transformed o leiure
clemente ofthe environment in sation
te random physical characteristics ofthe
spore have been studied through a series
Y analytical drawings. To explain an ex

amp, Galata Bridge was one of my case
studies This brie was intally

par of the ci Ae

ding to my escach to things tant
formed the space toa sue space: the
phenomenon of fishing (play and the p

ion ofthe bridge with ts amaring view

he space aesthetialy
Thus people at dierenly according
linking them to the conceptual

act attention to certain elements ofthe
rent tha define the notion of pay.

A proces of contentualizaon wa need
fet star the d'algues withthe physica
urban par ofthe city in order to cha
Tenge the necstity of escaping from the
ey forgsning prycholgiel retort

Tei situated onthe coat line of Bay

quo harbours The ste is surrounded by a

huge bus terminal, a parking ot, andthe

ally designed for pedessin
Seale the building works as à filter, crest

Building on Behar, a being a histor
cally and polkialy important borde
ded anther conceptual level to the de

Sen whichwasthe dialogue about the bor
den The building takes It formality fom

as line, With ts gg
rakes advantage

diversity
shape ofthe wall as perceived from ft i

at the dslgue about
ontaditory

eemeea seemingiy

border du tothe

The material hat has ben chosen forthe

whole building is steel mesh created with
Melding nel bed rods on top
other This material has been ch

‘The chic of the material made the pes
tity of rating a space which is perceived
teren fom diferent distances and dt
ferent angles of view and thos vests an
interet pue Thesamespacetansorms
with he change fthe angle view.
‘The viol effects, such asthe eet of ana
rmorphosm that the mater causes se
Se a vogue. surreal space leves zoom for
imagination ofthe mind.

‘The material together wth the anleuation.
of space through layering diferen dens
thes of wall rls in dierent gradients of
the meth. Rotates diverse spaces ike light
and dark spaces which makes the space
mysterio, hidden spacesto give the space
Playground features, and frames to show
etai elements inthe surrounding.

By over lyerng he mesh darker gradients
can be achieved in ander to aaa ten
fon to certain elements of the surround:
ing. he chosen element ae rfi to
aci meanings. Br instance, by fat
ing the lighthouse, which i symbol of
chrervation, the user i reminded ofthe
Importance of looking or by faring the
industrial por and positioning it lose to
the horion cad he or she it reminded
‘ht nature not that ar fom the iy and
<ivilizaon.

‘The building e consanly changing with
time, fis sensitive o diferent hours, es
Sons and temperature. Authermare, the
‘Shadows of the mesh dd another layer to
the space. Thetranspaseney ofthe material
rakes the posible of teeing through,
fer instance ong at water and the sea
Te underneath when walking or looking
the shy o diferent Backgrounds when
Standing. By dong hist make surround
ing par ofthe architectural space
COneimportane par ofthe designs coro
lng the water. Theft Roorngicleated
slighty (ar em) from regular water level
ná it hs the same level ofthe high de,
During high ide par ofthe space becomes
wer. Theresa ayer of wate on top of the
Foundation that eats narrow tanner
‘between the walls The foundation creer
plats tht people can stand on sad it
Heid the ships fom crahing into the
ling: The ig form ofthe building
onto the speed of water 3 the small
Tech then Borers can become à swim
ringlfohing poo,

By standing pesiely at cersin points
round the building the sde reacts 12
some elements of the surrounding, For
instance, Be Mosques seen through the
gradient that src minie the formo
is skyline. The light house becomes one of
Blue Mosques minarets

ot only the bath like articulation of
the walls and paths crete an ambiguous
Space that emphasizes the element o play.
ut also cer element give the spe fs.
tores of à playgtound, Hanging columns
that move wt the movement of wate and
wind andar alsointeratvewiththe body.
and feible weaved floringsacentuate
he tion of iy.

‘The space willbe opened to any kind of
transformation by is users. The wer can
ave the possibilty to explore their en
ronment by the process of recteion.
Difeent phenomena can emerge in this
spe. Although these phenomena ate net
cote predictable but the changes f the
Spotty ofthe proposal an til be imag
ned For instance the space vil dsc
change while people star hanging bits
fromthe mesh, bt this part ofthe inten
tion ofthe design tocrestefamework for
bottom aires

‘The wall creses playground an envio
mental exploration lab that eek for the
happiness oft users erstes an invisible
Vorder between the seemingly contradic
tory elements of fs environment to Sart
the laque abou this Border but lt imme
ie challenges he existence ofadefined
order with ie Bury appearance, By cea
ing 3 plyground inside this wall emi.
cally tals abou the faileness and na.
ess ofthis border andthrough resting
frames ofthe surrsunding i reminds us of
‘he things that are there yet we donee

2. Mano The cute fies,
(Landon fe pulihedin 998)
Word Heath Organization
Haig. Health efit of
Nature Experience yhoo
Soci and ult reese
(Derdech zo pp 32
4 Manfred Teto of pias
Giew Yk. 192)
5 Mater Values orSumiel
(ew ok pts

6 Mumford. The cue of ies,
ononapy. fist published in 38)

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Influence of urban space in
the happiness of citizens
Fita Monfort Salvador

Happinesisatcalyubjciveconcep fr
which everyone has their own ies out
when andwhen not happy and what males
he happy and whatnot. The physical
and sta comen, ln which people ar,
an not make them happy ea concept 1.
comple and in which too much fcings
and rel facts infuence to trans in cha
‘va. Botan urban space can help develop
‘his opine

Some researches about urban happiness
[the responses to a suvey for my PRD
‘Thesis nelle the amazing certainty of
thin The PRD thes I on urban sustain
silty and specifically the survey ison
the elationship between the behavior of
ins (cel) and urban spe (2085)
Not alle survey isretedtothe lation
‘hip between happiness and urban space,
bar much of it i lated withthe fing

cause by this public space. One question.
specifically, ia follows ¿Comidas que
an stop wrbano (ou dec, supata.
Jana rec. pude ui en acid
de las persona que ira por 42 (Do yoo
ink that an urban public space (sde
sign landscape, path.) can influence he
happiness of people moving or him?
(One week before thin survey wat fished
(sehen this paper was write), aver 85%
of people who had answered hadsaid YES,
‘he re was divided eqully between NO
and Dont Know. The interet of this re
ponte à that not only professionals can
ink that an urban space ean influence
the happiness of citizens. but citizens
themselves external of town planning
sre aware that these spares influence
‘het own happiness,

(Other research also shows that. This inves
tigation (Queria eta. 014), published by
Cemel Univesity, proves that itis poss
le define net only the shore paths, bat
also the most beatiful the mot pace
nd the happles, thanks 1 an fon
swith eviensofekinensandtheicontibu
tions on websites like Google Street View

cor licks This wos only studied incites of
London and Besten. bt shows an

way of diesen the urban pats, net
nb by the shortest orthe mat our
“ing aná weghbourkook speak They
speak of egaltaianom rito, Beaty oF
ges, actas er agan, The ais of
ann 15 1 arf the sual ces hat
are gala ith once aie
o definesuch heu, apres, unes, oF
sven dein. The ead ak of eg
Tokar make a bling Bet, or abr
Sug ar in que Ice suceda
Uh ners of thi site sing comparisons ie
ane, WI a compre Ist of atte
toral understand and recreate tle
noten ue tol
Giorgana Varna (sora) talks about the
civiiy of publi paces and she defines
these kindof paces clean end and
ining aes

Chay rest the veal clanes and
tiles of arab plc, cling these le
ment a are key naling apple an
inet andara aes, gr ares,
pudes

“Wire ta” (ter mime Bor, a o loa an su cn fuere pais pines

Leeson thst st os nt tain te es whe hth on an hen. ee aes o toa on te oe Mn as
‘paige ne tao fs pene

‘These ares cold be define as à pleut ot hine wherever convenient or casing sha The wow factor
rice sea These kind of acu ate the ones wswhet needed making the ban spice ae Another characters of ban space that
‘whch make people happi A place tha you pesant a ps influences the happiness of both chide
scenes pls, without us when When we talk abou chilien these chrac and adults isthe wow factor, The son of
ari that ou don ies alce where ec ole space ace simplid a llega friend of Barcelona always drew the
yaufelgoed.sothemestsuesthathisplace needtotehappyisaplaceto poy Something home with flowers on the outside as a
improveyaurhappinesmorethancterons, simple andupon which so any people a garden She did nt understand it because
sing nom {as ect Timor! Foto: they liv In an apartment 0 one dy al

Citizens: adults and children dee Someimes with a space Lage encugh him why he always drew thee house with
‘When pue ld happiest people or rulo, oligo the socterh mer a garden when they had wo garden and he
rum tot without even aline AS inthe than enough them. Cbvisythe moe eb replied that they were flowers of the side
preview sy where people knew which ements they hie to ly the beter for there walk, Mot ofthe sidewalks les in reo
True chante to mae them happier between sar amps sales that can touch and na hare a Gaming of flower with four pt
Al the exiting routes, people know whish play with them Everyone knows tht chi als now sl rd Burcdna- the owe
spaces haretochoceto ester And people drenhare agit imgintontoiment games 0 Barcelona o dl pana de fr. he flower
st mor people (Mil and ue whee ads do ote anything No eedte ile ha become a touts bj, but
ob. sc tht Javea nn cn the bul playground (although hey rl. hischildhese erre mete andar pat
pines of people indy ako sta _portanInchldren The Moy dar (Wer o his home two happy endings fr an es
roe peoplethanifthey do ot cause any el mio of Borden or wate es fom Duke mer of urbanspare

For ads a space that can inem your of how something simple as amater are boing and se ban spices with the same
happiness could be defied sf endl, ingfiomgroundesntranformagpicetoturn urban cape and nothing diferen, one
textil space and in which they fos good ito à “playground” where children (and ser another st avs ot cae anÿ fling
Togetittherearsomelemectsthatcan ep sul) can ar fun and cool with water dus excep boredom, li not ncesay tate
such asustan fair regeton a well inpgecdwenberandreumtoteingarcrmal ey space tobesctaly dierent fom the ie,
2 good management climate in oder space. parement anything drngtecsldwinter, only are needed detallsuch osa maponthe
Or 196), ating wind org the um [pound ot logs sont ution at

Elements whch sp you when you met
‘them and mate yc want totum >that
es only se tem aan Although one of
‘he chances of cht is cleaning ses
we have sen before, semaines ot an.
‘Seething thos pe theme) my
ao cortita tthe suprise thar ean big
‘happiness the owes ling em the tes
‘tina obedece orbe
inatumncoveiogthe uk ape coud
oc example Ben cer mates an
Belpiiewihaun adesingitheyaebeterer
one forthe pei fat hee some
“phat int src ling om
‘erste impregnseding ie taco
uring shang ciao nal

hasnt be led a hie ope about what
donot pedi happines of publ space bat
‘the oppose fling which be clear
and aceite by the va maja. Some
‘hing tht Ama meyon est name
me ote charters nie i ot finda
ple tot when we dor ant hear
instado fomthe uni das ofoeme hat
Trey at ls han th
people asd api pat

Sean ea te hi papers st
‘hat tan ces make people “happy face
“appier: This à important bea, ts
ssi te Begining, hippies complex
corp nd hou the ban pce eve
power it ot omuch bate ky ofi
ens happies Bat ss bo sen hat wan
spacesandusbindesgncandoalttoimprve
ns hapiness apd that this seme E
Iengerconeedazeslty

_Atheend barn bin spaces wich induence
inn api epee ofall of ue atan
amin profesional ban and lada de
Sen, maintenance wrken chem. has
rotor atthe main grahoftbeukunspeto
make people huge.

References
tea Onda Ob et

+ iy ny Drag dra Rae a
ped outed agai cen Ot

+ Goede, SR Aa IM 21 e
SEES ake Moraes Havana be
A ud Hayes nhs Cael
nec an cos, A oe
ton

+ VG re Mann ite ce Te Sar
MA nn

Interpreting
‘communitarian tourism

in the context of some
integrated experiences in
Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica
Carlos Alert Cioce Sampaio, Talta
Cristina Zechne, Christian Henvíquez,
za Weide Coriolano, Simone
Calisto Fortes Bortooss, Alan Ripoll
Aves

Introduction
CCommunitaran or Community based Tour
Ts (CT) fist appeared as an acdemie dis
logue in rai tb I ner Nadal de
Tursme de Base Leal Lolas Tos
ational Meeting held ln So Palo in
1997. eus Lea the Sent to
renal de Troe Sere, fetes
Seminar on Sustainable Turi), held in
Fra in 3003, oca movement joined
the debate. CT a disused on he thor

cal basis of this study, derives fom tourism
odes, known for the terms cultural
tourism. orethnitourem, esto and
“pitos. However the mom ematkable
hante of CT is that the entree

eus inthis case traditional populations,
sr people inspired by communitarian ide

who do na flow the tina economic
logic of indus,

(CT strategy traditional populations
to lead their owe Isles, Independent
cf their degree of dculturaletion In the
{ce ofthe industrial urban societies hege

sony. Therefore, e cons in am alterna.

tivo the consumer material espe
(Sampo 2009.

(CTs the stl sion of the tri
indus as an advantage, which means that
it uses thi setos instrumental ational,

Is fous however is na onthe elton
of merely individual consequences, but on
collective guns, 3 the eroscieronamy
suggests, Dealing with this antagonism is
more than over ones pases in
ont ofthe Lavisthan (a if Hebber State
ws netensugh now there the market
À lo ni 1 tolerate other estes,

which doesnot necessarily eansharingthe
Same tonality.

‘The ojete of hi atl so sein, o,
eventetter.1ustifythe concept CT as pro.
psedty Sampaio (200) ssedon Besa,
Chilean and Cota Rican experiences. This
concep. ab explored here has wo guiding
matias. The fist i to ovecome the
mere critico addressed tothe economic
ductonir dominas In the tourism sc
tor, exemplified in the sterestype of mass
tourism, by presenting tel alternative.
‘he second ito present asubstanive com.
eps th an independent exitene, a pew
imerlicplinä Held heading towards à
"uansisiplnary approach and o fom the
den oftecoming another tourism modality
bounded exclusively by economic values e
ds important to mention a this stage, that
Ah work nd income generated by turn
tive ae mot undenahud here, how.
vera independent fetus these can
folly represente concept CT. Inthö st,
th metistion sto adjust theoreti
Concept, conceived fem ral experi
especial at the Laboratory Zone or Bode
Velopment Education of Lago de raquera
bb a Gras Sta sema ate
Boi, since 2001 and others These per.
nce} ae not anew heterodxalterntivet
tourism, although they provide evidences
of anew economy, Le eosecioeconomp e
happens in real lif through anew rt.
ali in communities, xgaization and
domicile where problems and solutions
cur and ately ae properly qualified.
la theory conceived fom the experince,
the everyday competes Sach, 2963.
1986), the contados inherent 10 the
pragrati change pursued, In respon to
the imitation economie wlan,
and that many times doesnot work tthe
desired pac,

matas
This anile mies bibligrphia! and fer
maire ssh. The latter comes fom in-
formation sed on database ofenperiene
es which hasbeen collcted sine 2003, and
etais elements that may be considered
chartes of CT. The database was put
Roger by group of Balan and Chan
presa, recaen, pomgradate and
rate students om Use Regina!
estao Kegel Unos nara,
Urivosidade Floral de Farand (Peal Un
oth F Para, Uned astral eMe

and de tod gantz quer
even o EcoloonchimeteGostae fr the
Management of Organizations Promoters
of Ecodevelopment), Balan Non over.
rental Organization (NGOS
‘he abat ases fom lessons learned in
experiences in Beal Chile and Cost Rica
Called by using exploratory and ston
reach, and one and comparative die,
Ameng thee experiences, eleven denen:
tie projets andaut and ae presented
inthis work Bight ae fom Bei Praha
de Canto Verde (Eole, Card, Enron
rental Sona Pje (Maca, Ri de Janer.
Communitian Eetouris inthe Bai
lan Amazon Alda do Lago Lodge (Sie,
Aran) Guapré Elogio Actions Fedra:
Nagas Lodge (Cual, Aoi, Man
rufSstinabe Development Reserve (Te,
‘Amazonas Calonbé Group (Comanidade
deter, Chapada lain, Bi, sd.
Ace na Cl Association (Santa Rosa
deal Santa Catarina thee ae om Chile
CES Arico Network OC RS).
‘ema Burl Turm Network San Pe
rode Atacama, 1 Regi and Mapu Laka
‘ComamuniatanFrks Network San ande
InCstax Rei: andone om Coma ies
National Etourim Network Cooperative
Consortium (COOPRENA) (Parque Nail
Manuel Antoni, Cota Ric The dts was
collected between 2005 and 2010 and the
‘acustonincldesthe flowing tems gen
analysis of implemented actions their
‘Bengt and weskneses, and al, the im
pots cfhe initiatives mentioned ave.

Rethinking the rationality:
ecosociaeconomy

rotcieconemy invokes the envio
renal discusion. This term wa it used
by Kapp (19€ The fist pres co (OU
= Hase) ref to ecology and reinforces
what the second pre ee" should have
ready been patin, This tem, however
Pas been vugaizedthicugh history having
is meaning ed ha Atte wae
ready dencuncng his ime s remato
Crema when the social elaine ae
“bet 0 economie selon. Updating the
con natural tems are lo subject.
tothe economies what rented on the
climate change experienced onthe Lt de.
des Based on the fas po from the In
tespoermmentl Panel of Climate Change

Helene in 3007 and prepared bythe World
Metoreagkal Ogaization for the United
ons Environmental Program, even the
mos skepiks cannct remain indice
when prospecting the new o or 100 eus
‘four economy. This spot vel tht hr
ran ation ithe main cause ofthe ongoing
mate change in the planet. especially a
ter indo revolution Ths later ha in-
sired cational that privileges shotterm
renom rl andre medium and
Jong tem seco and environmental loss,
Responses to this ue, however, ae stil
modes. The socalled eoefciency incorpo
rates the environmental discs in man.
gement ss exemplified inthe pate pay
er principle, maining a atonal that
{sto longer able to handle the challenges o
beovercome Thatistosa. ter evidence
thatthe planet cannot bso or regenerate
‘romthe impacts produced by human ston
arymot (geenheuse gases) and this wll
sea giant charge in what as been
conventional called modern Liesl Gn
‘sil usb society). oor the fat
mind, po modern (World Meteorologia!
Organiaion e United Nation Envronmen-
tal Program 2007).

Lewis, w has been conventionally
considered natural resources shouldbe
quemioned. As Hf Bodie could only
be valued though the economie logis. AL
though natural ours and environmen
tal services ae considered to have postive
économe values and functions in the eco.
Toga economy penpective eating them
as zerocon, a ofen happens in the ac
tual perspective, generates serious sk of
exhston or extinction of the involved
environment (Aller, 3007) Under these a
uments. is necessary for one to consider
the contemporary economie Loge in order
toconseve an environmental tonality st
proposedty Lao) so that connection
she standing paradigm, which isunable
torespondro mos social problems sui.
A nt dificult to create the modem or
postmodern se tothe priate use of
Fesouces and acces tomeansofproucton.
Inthe same way. pate mechani and
pols se contdeed more ecient than
ble and communtarin management. as.
evidence bythe parle of the commons.
‘denied y Hardin 19) though tis at
thor confe free and aces fr public

sean access, Publ fs se under
slated o goods and services ha may be
planned eberty the Stevia government
and publi organizations o by the commu:
ly (va asocations and non gorermertal
cxfaiasiony) Petete cantons net
putincheckheeasifthey dont have their
nen merits Howeren the recovery of ther
fom of natural secures apprpsation,
much as Siteowned or communityowned
nie, a neces

AS if there weve not an sucess exper
nce of government, publeoraniztions
Sndcommunty planning nd management
Tike the Brian experiences aalogued ty
the Rapa Gate bese Clad,
lie Management and Citizenship Program)
fiom nao Gel Vargas (Geto Vargas
Foundation based in Si Paul and funded
the Fed Foundation nd Barco Natal
Daelim Eines e Seal tions
Bank fr Economie and Soca Development)
{Sp Camara 200).

y the way. in th fie ofthe international
vate organisons, even from the de
‘loping counties, leading tele in the en.
ronmental cris posed by the Intergv
rame Fane] of Climate Change, whst
may be considere a sccsfal experience
cof managerial policies and mechanisms for
eccasem sustainability must be discussed
ell aotencogh there isthe sociale qual
ity vealed by the Human Development
Index (United Nations Development Pr
ram, 010) where reported around
thirty percent ofthe population inthe planet
(Human Development Index high and very
ieh) have a sos domestic pod ar cap
a around seventeen times higher than sv
tty penes ofthe pull.

This world senery of such dispar inet
een than the Brain. Chilean and
Costa Rica eal. litt the moment for
1510 sar queoning? What tionality
Js this behind the socal ation that gener
tes 5o many negative socicenvirmertat
"impact? Wi the conceninted wealth f
al be shared? What must happen fort
Lo sta At he expense fa eos tagedy
Tike coding on cont ares caused by ar
caes fies cased by low humidty and
leed temperatures in the atmosphere,
or des caused by Ent ce or er
Tore who find their own compenstory
logico system that sem unio them?

"Therefore, what ha conventional been
called economic development under such
Argument, eld without exaggeration. be
refered to nbad developmen

Communi Turi
(CTisasocilcommunicationstategy forte
iena communities wth histo did
ang to enable respective Meses
‘According to Hals and Vil (2001). <om
unites sil group that shoe cul:
land historical heritages. problems and so
lations and ae setledondeinedtersitoies.
Fonseca(t99.p 65) as that he sharing o
moral beliefs and publicly accepted norms
inside communities deine what ae i and
ile conducts, Trdional communities.
‘hen, may be defined by graphe

vain an slated toy eur ter
Sharing customs. tations and habitos
score fonctions varying on produ
ion and distin modes (Bret, 004
Gees, 8

Communities and eses ar interrelated
‘Among them ae eats (extraire
ecran hei ne plats ina ber
nd medicinal hebs exacted fom the for
‘ot and animal Baden management
huming and fishing pesca rca
(adicional hers. included inthe category
of animal extraction although their main
characteristic i o live in coastal seas
gars (dial Bss who Iie in
‘stl areas a the Brazilian Northeast re
sx ra ver margin inhabitants ia
the North gon of Beal and a included
onthe category of plan and animal exe
is repens apa (small g-
stars inhabitants of rar areas thee
se characterized mainly fo their subi
tence agriculture: nas (malla
rica communities sand tte Gn
Beal) who possess common aes fr ate
growing and environmental protection)
Indigencus, qulambcas (af descendant
ours with origins a the Balin cle.
ia period who nowadus ate armes and
Inndownes claras (a mix of ndigencus,
Portuguese and African people the ave in
les anti wha. during ong perio re
rane tlt inthe Aste ren anden
he cast of Se Plot, these survive on
hunting ners actu plants extrac:
tion and ansanal ishing) (Dleges 2000)
snd many other.

These commutes even deruturlisted
Gin relato the urban industria sites
german ae ete as bing don.
aa allows them to se their rational
hate thei main tations, the
comiviali. of communitarian inspiration.
‘This characteris has become an ext fe
ture inthe consumer materi ty.
Coma asc sion inwhich ob
ee einerstedrthecthe the diferent
he alii the authentic, respect the
tradtional commune simple their
routines, acens muse, od, and others. In
estee, overcomes the commercial fl
tionship. allowing the recovery ofthe inte:
connection between dnt Henley
Sembling mal and racional knowledge,
westesnized and testinal cules) and
been seca and eolegielsstem Mich.
196 ing Be Azevedo, on Corilno &
Lima, 203: Samia, 104 Sampal, 205
Simpaa 2010.

Int umbipuit between communities and
their Myles es the concept of tron,
which may be defied 8 à physical and a
cl space im nat. in which cdi
to Gober (a ed in Diegues 200) 2
ty claims and ases t 8 members the
pos ofstableightsoverthe access and
se fp or the totaly the este be.
very according to what they ae capable
or wl to se Diepuesadde that tenio
Fes provide means of production and sub
sistemes, generating diverse social dynamics
Geht direis the communes and
thelr unique esp). and alo, phil
specsthatdliit them Terres ase also
‘he la where knowledge represen lomo
tems identities symbols and mths are but
tds populations andi is based on
these spaces hat these communities st on
the environment in whichthy lve, Port:
Aion population, popular bel sere
‘Ss mechinismsofbedvesiy conservation
And may determine which specie ples
and species offlorand fauna are considered
cd resting in this way. tute via
in are (200)

CT provides the oppemunity fr conscious
tours (dens, teachers machen and
Supponen) 10 get in contact with themes
‘which tthe sme tim ae ted to en
enmentpreeration (ecologia sytem)
ndtraional ses consen ion och
System). inadaionts conil another

station of Tis the opportun of expe
incl the spacetime dimension raed by
the sun moon and ain, or the season of
the ea, These experiences are being imple
mente by NGOs such as ste de Gate
de Orge que prono oBsodsencs
mate (sed in Curt, Para) and Agee
(se in Sara es deL ma, aren Cara,
fon a low budget program genertng local
‘work andincome These a being roniored
Ss experimental zones rs In social
rule networks that attend the som
‘munities demanda which lores he
‘rengthening ofthe inks betwen commis
ly and cures (Me eb, 201: Sampo,
Caral & Almeida 2007 i tbe
‘hot the cont with international tours
strengthens even more the Finks with the
sted population what combats forthe
‘minimization finerpersonal metings and.
lso tone misconceptions rated
exce 2002}

Communities, especially tado! one
sein diferent wage onthe proces of. de
fukuralision. The Bcus however, on
the cultural identities to be recovered or
maine Av thi ne enough tours
ng fom stan center to predominantly
‘rains commits insesch faker
tive experiences tke with them witht fe
ing pthoegesofthe urban sy th
they had previously planned to acid, Ike
‘the commonly hear there sony one thing
mine fr this wile to become parís
AS ifthe dominant cutre (ata ese)
Ihadtoo muchtotexh tothe poor ignorant
people(Grunewald 203)

However native populton are not wilt
rally and paie in uenced by tous,
ifthe Later donot get alone well
Tourism cannot be metaphoricaly sen a
the gaine who combats tte cules,
3 in the extreme este ofthe Democrats
People's Republi fot) Kote, where in
terutona tows ae subject toa igorsus
Ste rege tourism attractions re dete
mine by doll and politica! themes,
ct ar contalledStte propery anderen
tour is monitored by a government guide.
Al tours omspecle counties chs
‘he United Staten ar not beto obs
to ote the county Tarim may eo rein
ers the eve feto apt without
necessarily warserming what is authentic
im cures into spectacle gain. 2995

Cranes 2003: Moret 008$ Kim Tim
chy. Han 2006) Anbei. however is
rot led conept is negotiable ander
y corneta becomes viable along pr
doftme st constantly recorte
Inthe sme manner talons tue ae
mot state these atin conmantchangety e
gens or exogenous actors Green
1963: Cohen, 298; Nav, 996 Dingoes,
2000) Therefore ring on à Homogeneous
Mer cutre predominance would be à
rise under such aumente

‘The question ls ow to ete guste he ad
ange o tourism development or com.
unites with ange le pr
Tem ually found in mas toi Hed
by Mercer (303 local aber ¡lees during
ot pat ofthe yea, normal price es,
rel esate speculation aies tours se
regenta, violence (drug bus) pros
tition and vulgarcaion of then As
les evasive modes ate thee shouldnt
be milan fr CT cultural tourism or eth
ri toi (chain indigenous tou,
coton and apuran.

Cull ours inves abiewaton orn
vercion with traiiona yes (Bret.
2004) Although indiens turn maybe
considered a typeof cultura tourism. this
roda is tested to observaron apd in
teraction with people from minoriy mations
who were subject colonization though
SRL having gls that make them ble o
presen thei autonomy Gitematinal Le
Bor Oran, 199, However cultural
sous may eal become anther tourism
product commente as corsa quant of
She markets cara proton Le. compar
ies interested in producing o highlighting
Certain cultural aces and in the es situs
tion festered by goverment cultural rev
iin polis.

Inchisway à iimponanttonctcethe riko
‘easing tational Keys into exc
produ or sets a these were mee
micha. Be the example Ma people
iNew Zealand, depicted pet wats by
the tar indy (Gard de Fal 298
Ryan. 280) On the other hand ula tue
pren age tential totouron tae:
‘Son exemple ur group mai fs
sale arasemen parks Il fa and events
raed to edson and ete Mot of
‘hese however atealsofiredinuban spaces
(GL Kim Cheng & Oleum 207) Ye, one of

he casan atsction in CT (a Ab Sa
raebasin. Manet, Farad isa mento
abi forte exchange of goods and seme
(Sampsioe al 2007.

Athough, according to ennel, there are
gy ive défis of coca presen
ng vales based in conservation tic sus
‘sal, edition and communion
Beni, among ihn (as ced in Weaver de
ten, 507) this term hs been vjgarized.
pb when thi tour mada ls sp.
‘rotate by the rational economia
exemplified inthe exprprinion of commas
tacon and by alge corporation elf
“ecologica veo. et enough thi enter.
rie code Each net line eat
prole for generador edhe po
ss: hme (197,200) sages te tr
todefieectoursm Fate should
be prenant based in atures second,
‘he ter between turis andthe at

stone ofedvestinal inept.

‘he Set two sea combined ae cxempl
ed bythe ccoo praised in pt
al and phe ares especially in Cental
Arcs (Cora Ris Bandas exter
{Lawton 2007 Thy be ecotourism prod
should prince and practise a
clntedtoecologis economic and scious
susan According to Sheen (199)
‘he main motion tous Ir in
ctor sto dese o experincng eco.
ems inthe tura FoLasman and
Dut (ig) estou apra may be
clase int ch cora and hard eo
tourism The st estore I sche to
igh standards semis and fies, medi
Ing tours and natural paces and where he
Tes capaci ofthe ects i respected
wile Rad tai sted t seizes
nd that ape own a esol 36
Seninexperincesthat mu be considered en
smpltofCT.

‘erhoursm fest se of sevice require
ty touts who wish to experience rule
(aso, Gallego, & Requejo 2007 Oamin.
Cacao, 2001: Share & Din, 201)
‘he acts exc in sul ses say
long ashon period frme ony Thies ur
tothe La of cesto stations
‘The day in resting tour mute in
een properties in Latin Americas ones:
sloned many me y the ad comenten
of di read, and alo een many Pope.
is frthe same orve simil tios.

"Therefore more crete stations are ns
essary ik fomes paleontclogy museum
fred atthe Chl Hands (Chie) ce the
ceed "Ra V Live Fs, which com
mere ict) and natural prod
ts fed Esad Bo inf and
‘st Acts da Clini in Santa Ra de Lin,
both in Sea Catarina Ai Mores,
gti dif producto commer
lai. egies specie ve genie,
Sion aot dern han estare and
‘url curiam and even, CT amps, Ca
vaa de Almeida 207 Sampaio so}
[hough he ain obere of CT sto ate
fre experiences acommedaton and meat
Services which ota fit glance, des net
free fom the other tee tours
mods mentioned above, aft characte
Foie o dires CT e tht considers
town ates as subsystems Intern
ected wither such canon publ
es and environment. CTis conceived as
à piste stainable tem eer
development dep kom the community,
which nay be contideredasecond character
Si ving and Auer (003) ert CT 36
Faible tours Por these ators the
evelopment this ty demand then
comporte of ethical principles andvalues à
en way of conceiving the demscraaon
cofeppomunitiesandbenefts anda new mod.
Le implementrg projtsceteredin pare
eri creer and patate.
Arnd chance convivial between
he resident population (hs includes den
led nonresidents, Le migrants) and tour.
Js on a secleproductive arangement of
communitarian bass prometing production
networks Raed on ina arrange.
‘ent inwhichthe crias themselves con
tits forthe promotion fthes initiatives,
ora inthe experience at Re Sagrado basin
(Merete, Farma, where comunican
experiences ae ete an insta hitch
fen that industriales products. Beamples
Sr: 3 craemen asociton in which the
production istaedon the fiber om,
tres and à pele Kind of lan alla dp
Ind an entepreneur who brews atisanal
aha and ether liquors another nep
‘euro manipulates natural heb and an
exchange cub prometed by the sient of
‘he islvedcommuniies Sampain Beber,
Dreher. 006 Sampaa 004 Carolan &
im 2003)

Gone reinforces productive spaces

elective gins nt necessary fr com
merca purposes, These may be considered
(Sosscieconomie space, uch exchange
‘bs and fir commerce platforms. Far
commerce sie to af fe, det and
Bonesteltinshipberweenthreseconomic
Subject impoverised produces general
sad or in disdvantage on che marker
consumes who ae wig to pay higher
pce and the intermediario who do net
expe prof In this elation hee ia pr
pci of sting Lang term contracts Based
in mural respect sothat the families cp
ducs at ble olive eter (Par Re.
puny el Comercio fst, nds Espania.
A The exchange cub mediedor ot by
sccaleumeno 5 anatempttoreconstue
‘he connection een produces and con
sues called "resumens by Lisbon and
Fstino (000). tough coexitence and
Sell. When the bartering of gods and
Services not possible a social currency is
‘edt simply trade among member, of
tech

Beren toward Brom and Con
Experiences that may be clasifed as CT
have been atactng attention (although
‘his not he intention), especialy ease
ofthe Latin American dius capacity o
implement smallsele and west ee
nomi aciies generating non special
work picements and lw environmental
Impacts Homeres, there have been only à
sll numberof communities ble 1 au
essay work with thi aniclsted sock
tivity. named community basis sciopredue
thre rangement. in Ltn Ameren, Ang
‘hem. eleven ongoing demonstrative po
ta brie presented ew.

Hama de Gmto Vo dar Cert. Bra)
One ofthe mos known and studied cate of
(Tin Bis Pra Cat Ved ote
in Bebe issih. onthe cout of Cards,
‘The cus planing in this cl be
in pa withthe development ofthe Pro
Torio Sethe Repel Soil Re.
sponsible Trim Projet). One ofthe main
tve ofthis prje has ben to develop
tries in dsentrlized and participate
Planning Since he beginning ofthe pot.
tour became à pe on meetings tthe

resides accion Intheiececaiosithat
ce verified thatthe aies consider work
andincome genertionthe mo main benefits
scasoned by tourism avis implement
din the community They Soon undestond
Khartoum actives sol be ongaized yy
them, san inadeguateexptaton by fe
knerganiztions would ot ce

Among the main actions implemented st
the cal ae the ceso af the Tori
{Couns the organisation of COOPECAN.
TUR Tourism Cooperatives the reetion
of lectures and curs for the communi
Y: the realization of project Art (Ar
Schoo, which has the cjsive of imple
menting enteepreneurhip and rang
community materl the conssidtion
of project stale Bee Shipped Scho)
theconcteton of projet SODIS is low.
cos simple method to dsinfet domesic
te he section project Agrega
Agricole based on ecologia principles
of suite and community know:
ge and ofthe rot Canto Verde Digital
(frig inclusion,

Such sites presets stengs the gen
tration of work and income, the growth of
here and be commerce, there in
value f ea handeat and the improve
rent in eduction, publ health stem and
si infrastructure Ike energy and rested
water There ae ll afew wed points uch
Ssthe ie inthe community econ and
the shomageof pace for the fune gene:
ons fav ay beamed tat the
rai impacts ofthe projets implementa.
tion ze the improvement In the comms
ly fe quality the ae in natives selfs.
teem the generation of work and income for
the inhabitant andtheprowthofasacative
‘res and communitarian edi

Pos Sa Abit Ma, de Jane,
Bu)
‘These were soil and environmental prob
Jens in this ca asoiedto an uncen-
victim lar norderto el nimi
ing the problem the project Puma Sonate
(SmalSeea)waselbortedwiththecbjetive
of developing Cole swarnes in wur.
ns and eins This proc without nds,
ed rest reas a ew roger
ing a NGO called Gp de Dea eigen
Pega Sent mal Seed Beep De
nie Group), which sated i ste in

ebay 1995 The NGO broadened es
in search for more communitarian mob.
ton nthe reins uinable cir plan
ningandmangement Antberimpemerted
prec was Capt Minka Capa Wor),
developed with cl Bes. In this 32
tion the NGO was responsible fe turning
th sat of Barada Sana mino à Resa
arr de aint Natura (Pre Nat
val Ptimony Rese) and he owner. in re.
Spore hate make the fr ites al.
abe for the development ofa haute
School The main objective ofthe poet ist
recover degrded ares y grating pre
Ing agents and selig poder Asa eu,
wer eure and spain tess were or
(red and mote than joo thousand ies were
sepia InSanatheeisabo pre
Cria Semen (Cid Sed) which organize
Wwerkhops shout environmental awareness
Snledietionforchilten,
Astiseommonin Baril once biggest
culito main these project
Fin on finding. In onder to minime this
Smith community the lernen
15 Vers (Green Enablähmen) amp was
‘ested. All tb commercial exablishments,
Roth In, camping ares and ascitis
‘which in anyway contre fr he matte
ane ofthe projects eee astamp and are
included on a promtional material di
‘ted to tin. The lys wate on
Sidre important stations ae monitored
bythe NGOGrapode Def cé equa
Sante which has the pee Nasa Casa
Na Tara (Our Home Our Land. Ta,
Grupo de Dafa cle Fei Smee ant
the yell Itt fan tle Uno
Peal de Jen deal Univesity of
[lode [acco ma parnenhipto main
the project Sauteed Sustainable Sas).
(On ofthe remarkable chjetvs ofthis pa
erhipito timate the Oman sit
ton who wil Iter become punkiants on
‘he oursm planing proces the on

3 Conan Era the Baal
me Alca ds Lag Lale SI, Amaze
a Brac)

‘Theerperencein Stes nthe Amazone
fa communitarian ect poet snd
is main atest e AA des Lay Lge
andthe exuberant Amazonian nature.
‘Sts diet formed by thingewo comma
es of evils who depend on Boing o

reinste le Estrie
representan opportun forthe cl comm
is and are developed in parte p with
‘he World Willie Rand. Thee i song
concern innethaming ue and preserving
Fecal bodies while promotion.
In 293 the pre Asie de Ses pln
Presento Abit Cabal Sres As
saison fr Environmental and Cut
senior) red formaliza GO y
communis oeil The NGO helped
ring tours guides and oganking e
the red to tours which rested
inthe commercial ca tom pack
og feed 1 ore that oy a Al dr
Las Lodge This package includes walks in
the forest where, daring the activi tours
ae able to Vi miden uses, reds
lear grounds small nen (where Nour is
prepared, and ls hae the oppo to
patte in asa Sing Toy Alta
fds Lage Lodge managed commun.
shdputtftheincome stained fomi
À ampli atom Erthepreeneneithe
sand nds,

“Bede A Gap ere as Ne
pas La Caras Roa Baz)

sopor main enterprise is Fb Neat
Lede, whete the community gets involved
with estou practices. onderto cord
rate the atts (mong chem ate presea
fan of riparian rs Sing mangement
fees management, and ass escu)
Beyer has the flowing iene par
rt Randa Lex ton Organization,
‘Ao a Mango tal na Ana Actions
for the Foret Mangement in the Amor)
ndPregramfertheBetousm Developer.
ofthe Arana Legal The poets ates
seared in 1988 and have contra fr the
improvement ofliecondtions the comm
iy especial frlosalwomen) Some co
‘ation ae the rie on the fame income,
and the minimizan of environmental im-
pst nh experience tous hate the.
Pony toseethetadions and som of
‘he ties and owes inthe eet A Pe
dha Norge whee Frs Naas edge
À Ltd ter an eigen eset fies
‘ht propiie tour ste, inch
hein ad partion ems ars
(between a and Apec,
amaia four preparen. and tedtional
fing. Nowadays on ofthe ges diel.

sfr maintaining the projec the init
non finding

5 Mara Sotanale Daskpmant Fame
(To Anaco, Bam)

ManindSueainable Development Isi
asthe objective ofprtetinga age amacfı
tops forest va communitarian manage
ment, The ne sated i ties in
1999 and it develops projects ke Quake
Vila te Qual) which focuses onthe
Problem of human aapabili ina
ral ecomptems. The insltte bo seek the
strengthening factions related to sust
Abe development publi polices. This pro.
ramcoverthemet related to environmental
‘duction communitarian heath and the
Se of appropiate techos. Another
important program coondiated by the in.
state ls the Prapama Elmo esta
is Progam), which promotes sustsinable
forms of work and income generation by
‘Sng proper audios The pr
ram works with andor sales and ap
ural products purchase

‘Scand Gru (Las Commun, Chapala
ising Bali, Br)

und Group sated is activities ater à
partaeship between pict Bagg (Lig
A). om Se aus nd the NGO Gran de
Le Gi fom Le, Ba This grou has
the chti of consola à much st
‘Chapada Dimwantnatobe managed by young
rates which gene lew anders
e Community based tro onthe rin.
Many tionshavebeenetftd ether
aire rates id dent ho presen
ea itor to tours, The routes allow the
‘outs pation inthe Babin sme
‘oltre Eck cute as fret theme and
some ofthe station are damend ext
on samba era, tone de re, fr éd
cora rae, rational midi, among
eral tics. is imponan to pint
cut tha there ia signi invlrement of
the nies inthe cities developed y Gn
poCah hey sein tosis sn opera
kyo malta isles. The grup
fers Gane défis aod proc ae
portal fanded by project nya which
promesse Auoftuisandehugenfri.

7 Apres Acide na Cai tit (Sta
Ra ea San Bel)

Marked by an sche werk bated in
arche principles, Agree stared its
eis inthe 190% The pot gained
Ämponance among students and research:
es a well as tourists, These biter stared
o cometo cere the arcs ti
thes that the community was developing. In
1999 Aca na Colla Atem Aso
ion wat funded withthe lloren
Agres Among the implemented actions
Sr male the adaption fr agetour
fam of ity ntl properties the installaion
fa me guey manage by the comma
ity andthe ration of expences in mt
val social and reductive ares based onthe
Principe ofagiecoog. Asstegthsarethe
marlen seee applied the active
level achieved, he insertion of product in
the make, he hospitality of he receiving
community nd th ecgation and eae in
vale of the tational Bette. Homever
¡espai ection makes acess di
Some weaknesses ste the ball conserved
road the ig in managing the tel
agency the fle ural ident and the
curl nye ofthe cl baling. At
‘he eginning the proposal ofthe assehtion
chewed pres, however ater à period of
timethesocieconomisimpacts suedtobe-
come dues on the saanabiliy ofthe
prit.

SC Agra Newer Ray La La
uch)

‘This pelt rein 296s jective was
seaming and tring group of acral
{ames ie CL
Sn an nid way thee fii ou be
ome pa ofthe tui ates od
‘he ly and inthis, rente ss
abe local developers, The main des was
that fies shuld prepare thes houses o
recive eure 2 thi these ater ould ex
peice the community’ Hayley par
iingin rom ofthetadonl actives eld
incl properties In din. touts would
beable to enjoy diferent ces, such as
Bonekuck ling talca cooking elas,
patipton in radial es atu pat
‘mony serte, among other: irra
He the ative pacien of the fi,
ha ists the iteration with ous.
The tour newark in Cl pioneer
inworking with gro inan assistive
wayinchk.

sense se ak of fading o improve
‘he residence local dispersion of some ser
vice provides die in geting into Ch
Islands during summer due 1 the load
capaity of the ferry boat abe: Ick
cf cohesion inthe grup, ul ofthe go
graphic amplitude ofthe area dif
ty fleas in managing thelr own
Incomes aimed fom tout As impacto
standout the generation ofwotk and income
‘hough the commerce of greta prod
‘ty hundert and sea fo the improve
rent inthe inhabitant Ie quali andthe
recognition ofthe leal women work since
these ate the key authors on reception of

9 Lana Rural Ton Nu (Sm Fe
strode Atacama, Reg Macaca, Chil)
Created in 999. whencommunity members
from the Council ofthe Ataomeñan ele
decided to work in the Lure sector a a
strategy taie the al soccer
and svienvzonmentalpssimony andcon
tribute tothe fries income proving
inhabitant fe qual. The implemente
tina ining lal people for han
ng natural resources, implementing ac
commodarin seres and gamronemie
production, elaborating tourism routes and.
training touristic guides, The strengths are
the development fa made or associative
management the crewion ofa network of
permanent work for inhabitants the de
‘eae inthe migration to uan center the
Creation of new posible fr tential
development the rie in the inhabitants
ie quali and the conservation of tural
and cultural patrimony (in this tem, de
Serves temen a achseloie] mem
Sowie paseonalgin)

‘The lccotesonomierscueisa dic
fer this community when competing with
lager private tourism prjecs and alo mi
fgets As impacts ae the establishment of
permanent worksoutce the rise ofthe in
‘abt if gusty. the consewationefle:
cal cibles andthe consaidticn
of ade network elated to the mis tour
im fred at thecal.

o Map Lalaal Commantarian Pars Na
100 (Se Juan de Cota, Ré des La
ache)

Crested in 006 by the Chilean government

in putnertip with the Glebl Environ.
ment Fund, Mapu Lab Canari
ars Network is a petete costal marine
ex of multiple uses andthe only with the
presence f tadional communis inside
is lis in the count, The oberes of
this network ate the conservation of the l=
cal mvinnment andthe nrestenthe con
munis income, Among the atte one
Sando: the formation of Indigenous ao.
nicas and the creation of ve new wie
conservation seasche pes oferchng
ing knowledge among radon commas
‘ies the sons of four environmental
‘duction centers and ie thema ares
‘he nen in thematic route dedicate o
nvtonmental edition andthe razon
cara xpescrsin whihase presented
local gsronor and cberrdicnal man
son, The mon remarkble seg is
the ates lobe considere ly the
Chilean goverment one ofthe most impr.
tant fr preserva, and by World Wie
Fund and the Werl Bank 3 one ofthe two
uned econtems in the world where
sigue clement esti conered

‘The method used bythe network sen as
parte and ansdheiplinan present
ing a dee of complementarity between
sciatic and dima Knowledge, Two
pote standout the aniculaon between
fommunitarian parks (family peopetis)
Sod the eration of communis centers
forthe provision of basi sewies for the
communities The df access is one of
the probe fr the visi fhe project
Remarkable Impact ae: the cres of à
leglatve decree tht rules acces and
te of the area (Lan Mapu Lala the
Communitys prtcipstion Inthe meeting
ofthe Convention of Biological Diver
‘he saliaon of an International seminar.
and nera expositions in other Chilean
Aires the raining ofsixndigenouscom-
nies by the National Teun Ser:
and the generation of werk and income for
the para the network

11 Cosco Corto Re Eerie Ne.
ial Parque Nail Maul Ani, ta
tea)

During the 2960 and 19708 there was in
Cost Rica a trong sont fr the domain
flan Sy flies were fighting forthe
"abr fuse and aces an apa sbandoned

bo atrantationa company Thecommunt
¡y took possession of more than soohecttes
cf and und founded the cooperative COFE-
SILENCIO, which, ight rom the beginning.
gegen members and found pare.
Ships with the cet of developing rural
projects. The main activites realized were
Vaig agrcuural fle and ipl
renting à Communitarian Tourism net
Work AS eng stand the sci on
sion, the insenion of ca women and
ewer generaionsin the pros developed
the preservation of natal resources ná
the recovery the tritiona culture, One
ofthe weakness lick international
visi ofthe estoi services The
mos remake impacts atthe sie ofthe
Shain elften. che active pti
ion of local the preservation of natural
resources and the communitarian aul
Son in two which prie tradional
production methods.

Conclusion
Alter presenting the eleven experiences thst
Jean toward CT ha been vid that all
fte are cent inves and mosto
‘sted in natural spaces considered Consens
tion Units The penses ofthese experiences
te sie o seioenironmenal pres
(of semi caracte) and have he precon-
ceived inesion of promoting turism, even
‘when demi with traditional toun
modales cultural trim estou and
pitan The ine is almost bays
Supported by NOOs or universe, which
‘ot sang in poil democracies ht are
ot cy the example of eno dus:
‘cestypalofLainAmecan counties
cutres with problems in income dista
Fin and ow educational levels Sat om:
Prehnsble ch, atlas cn à fist moment
communities with Ristori paies the
drame ofthe inate formal insti
ins, ets arcuate in the tetes of
pial and economie power in reli o
the Ste the market andthe cl organized
cle nt way communis a able o
bene fom a prudoincubton receiving
‘managerial and final help provided by
stone

Therefore, CT is ascciivey oganized on
the tetova ope and the ration of
meetings and seminars tthe learn
Fiesta condo ding proces of

Planning andimplementation ofthis tom
rod However in mos eases. commis
varian aoc woiki nt spontane
movement Bt a ste for communities
to fice he economic fer of the make.
‘This is why tational population rpnize
ess in cooperatives and Sue (itis
te they engi themes in al to
ton what st mentioned ee doe not,
peces imply tbe Something negative)
Bren beanie & à notes in hie exper
ensesthe ek of sppor ofthe dirias gor
ment she communis ely or
from the isis center what ages cer
tsinconeltion,

[others significant cone on apts
reed o natural nd culta arimony in
‘Communes experiencing CT Income.
this concer acc in panal, in ches e
integrates he expences o CT. which as
18 jens th pronation oferty
Ste conservation of tana eyes.
les Known thatthe expences arabe
‘under the cope fT ae implemented ini
les distant rom than center and there
foe con fit moment set
come a bare to secs On the other
and there ls ik that by balding paved
road or highways the impacts would be he
Same at happens in estes that expe
ence mas eu although hese infra
‘ures bring comio and fasten cal anspor
rason However, sdb Some siden, e
seems thateventhetrc andi implc dit
flies re put ofthe experience.

‘Together wth thi leaning ome qual.
ios tte concept CT emerge. The tem,
ceci communieion rate sed inte.
“sonal communities inorder fothem motto
(ronesushymitake CT ana economy.
Role Beth many that lady exis when
‘hes proie any cox, the generation of
wot nd income in the anajae experien
‘Sohatisimporantisth way inch work
And income ate generated. The itiatves
come fromthe community andare genet
inthe Toca Work and income eters ae
conelted to maintsnig production means
ad the respective sources of environmental
gend and services tht qual ese and
Biden in notara spaces within a om-
ny ste Inthismanner there.
ween development and environment hat
pew meaning making the environmental
problema eminentiy sacl se

{the tame time tous ar abeto eta
‘ete ae aleratve ways to the consume.
mater urban eye. Under tis er
festive, CT has an edocaonal spectrum.
whet enpeienedluring serves eter o
“tree the receiving communities self
‘stem, ocsuning vi exchange lbs or air
rad comment; a to minor the ore
coming of tours expectations, especially
in ocasion where the sccoeconomie tl
tion ip substan Between residents and
tours going further thanthe retin mes:
suredby theindvidaleconcmierationlty
here one profits bu the other necessary
doer not naloallowsthe experience lao.
‘inl relaion measured through coma
vent sil presents an implicit economic
sello, which seen her, isnt a prob
lemwhenthesenee of olerancetootherlife
styler ie are in eaming-

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Urban happines and Public Space

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Urban happines and Public Space

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