“FEDERAL CITY,” “FEDERAL TOW N,” “WASHINGTONOPLE ” | 33
northern part of the continent part of the peace terms had come to nought
(Horsman 3). Still, the threat of an incursion in the American territory from the
north seemed unlikely, and Spanish controlled parts of the continent west of the
Mississippi were far away.
In the late eighteenth century, the American government, still too weak to
contemplate changing the territorial landscape by force, had to integrate the
individual states into one union. Given the deeply held and broadly based local
or, at most, regional identities in these times of uncertainty, integration would be
a difficult task. Congress was the only viable body that could provide political
input into the process of constructing this sense of belonging on a national level.
Here, the checks and balances framed the discourses of dissent, interest, com-
mon goals, and unity that informed the first chapters of the national narrative.
ii.
As a symbolic fixture for this process of nation building, however, Congress
was hardly a reliable entity as long as it remained an elusive body of men
meeting at this or that town or city. It may have been envisioned as a body of
enlightened citizens keeping the nation afloat in the precarious waters of the
immediate postwar years, warding off any attempts to destroy the hard won
fruits of the revolution by keeping the republic in that uncertain balance between
a semi-democratic system and a tyrannis that the Hellenistic historian Polybius
had determined would automatically follow one another.
That Congress was to be an institution that would only meet when in session,
helped to limit popular anxieties about its exertion of too much power over the
daily lives of the people because this forced its members to concentrate on issues
to be debated and resolved before returning home to their constituents. Here the
representatives could be informed about their constituents’ worries and demands,
hopes and thoughts, and senators could realize what the individual states
expected from them in protecting their interests. For a body of men to meet, no
permanently fixed location was necessary, so Congress met in small towns, such
as Princeton, Trenton, and in Annapolis in 1783 and 1784 before moving to New
York City in 1785. Nonetheless, while meeting in different cities might not have
been much of a problem for members, the increasingly voluminous files led to
an increase in costs, and transportation risked the loss of valuable and unique
documents. Thus, Congress debated early on to settle in a permanent seat of
government. The choice of Trenton, contested by southern states, led to the
compromise between two seats, one at Trenton, the other at Georgetown, Mary-
land, with Congress meeting alternately at each location for one session. This
compromise never materialized, nor did the capital at the Delaware near Trenton
or the decision by the House of Representatives to place it close to Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, at the Susquehanna River.