Urinary Tract Infections.. A ppt on introduction to UTIs

Urinary tract infections,
disgnosis
cystitis
pyelonephritis
asymptomatic bacteriuria
prostatitis

1. Urinary Tract Infections Dr. Hira Tariq

2. Learning objectives INTRODUCTION TO UTI S Diagnostic tests CYSTITIS PYELONEPHRITIS Asymptomatic bacteriuria prostatitis

3. Introduction UTIs are common diseases primarily caused by the ascension of normal enteric flora through the urethra into the bladder. Women are more susceptible due to anatomical differences, including a shorter urethra. Diagnosis involves clinical symptoms, abnormal urinalysis, and urine culture. Antibiotics are effective, although antibiotic resistance is increasing.

4. Diagnostic Testing Urine microscopy pyuria and hematuria

5. Urine dipsticks leukocyte esterase nitrite, and hemoglobin.

6. Urine culture I dentifies the causative organism

7. Cystitis Cystitis is an infection of the bladder. Uncomplicated cystitis occurs in healthy women, while complicated cystitis affects other groups.

8. Pathophysiology Bacteria reach the bladder via urethral ascension. Escherichia coli adheres to urothelium via pili. Colonization of the vagina by enteric organisms precedes infection. Anatomical abnormalities increase infection risk.

9. Clinical manifestations Dysuria, frequency, suprapubic tenderness, and hematuria are common symptoms. Fever and systemic symptoms suggest pyelonephritis. Pathogens Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen. Other pathogens include klebsiella, proteus, and staphylococcus saprophyticus.

10. Pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney(s). Uncomplicated pyelonephritis occurs in healthy women.

11. P athophysiology Bacteria ascend from the urethra or hematogenous spread. Kidney stones predispose to pyelonephritis. Anatomic abnormalities increase infection risk.

12. C linical manifestations Fever, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting are common. Dysuria, frequency, and hematuria may also occur. Pathogen Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen.

13. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Asymptomatic bacteriuria is colonization of the bladder without symptoms. Common in patients with diabetes, anatomical abnormalities, and indwelling catheters.

14. Pathogens Same organisms as cystitis. Candiduria can also occur.

15. Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: positive urine cultures. Treatment in high-risk populations. No routine prevention strategies.

16. Prostatitis Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate. Acute and chronic forms exist.

17. Pathophysiology Infection via urethra or hematogenous spread. Micro abscesses may form within the prostate.

18. Clinical Manifestations Acute: fever, dysuria, urinary frequency, severe pain with palpation. Chronic: subacute onset, dysuria, urinary hesitancy, pelvic discomfort.

19. Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: acutely tender prostate, urine or blood cultures. Empiric antimicrobial therapy. Fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Prompt treatment of acute prostatitis to prevent chronicity.