USA vs USSR Cold war animation presentation

Presentation with animation Prezi

1. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

2. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

3. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

4. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II.

5. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

6. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

7. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

8. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

9. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

10. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

11. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

12. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

13. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

14. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

15. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

16. The topic of the individual project: "The policy of limiting the arms race. International agreements between the USA and the USSR." The main objectives of the study: Analysis of the policy of limiting the arms race - To study the main aspects and stages of international policy to limit the arms race between the United States and the USSR. Assessing the impact of international agreements is to assess how international agreements have influenced the strategic and political behavior of both superpowers and ensuring global security. Understanding changes in international relations is to explore how changes in arms control treaties have reflected and influenced international relations and the political situation in the world. Goals and objectives of the project Introduction to the Cold War Main features: Ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism, division of the world into two blocs, arms race, space race, military conflicts and spy games The role of the USA and the USSR in the arms race The role of the United States Deterrence strategy: The United States developed a deterrence strategy to prevent the spread of communist influence and the military expansion of the USSR. This strategy implied a willingness to use nuclear weapons in response to any aggression. Flexible reaction: In the 1960s, President Kennedy developed the concept of "flexible reaction", which provided for the possibility of choosing between different levels of military force — from conventional troops to nuclear weapons. Technological innovations: The United States has invested heavily in the development of new military technologies, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, ballistic missile submarines and advanced early warning systems. The role of the USSR The arms race: The Soviet Union actively participated in the arms race, striving to achieve and surpass the military potential of the United States. The main focus was on the construction of a large arsenal of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. The doctrine of mass retaliation: The USSR was developing a strategy based on the idea of mass retaliation in the event of aggression from the enemy, which provided for the possible large-scale use of nuclear weapons. Investments in the defense industry: The Soviet Union devoted huge resources to the development of the defense industry, providing technological development in the field of missile and nuclear technology. The first arms limitation agreements Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), 1987Goal: The complete elimination of all intermediate-range (1,000-5,500 km) and shorter-range (500-1,000 km) missiles. The main point: The destruction of more than 2,600 missiles, which was the first case of the actual destruction of entire categories of nuclear weapons. Impact: Reducing tensions in Europe, increasing the level of trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. START II, 1993 Purpose: A ban on the use of land-based multi-warhead missiles. The main provision: The complete destruction of multi-warhead intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).Impact: Further reduction of nuclear arsenals and reduction of the risk of a massive nuclear strike. Technological development in the framework of the arms race Development of ballistic missiles Aerospace technologies Development of ballistic missile submarines Analysis of the success of agreements Reducing tensions: Many treaties, such as the SALAD and the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF), have led to a significant reduction in tensions and armaments. Verifiability: The introduction of verification and control mechanisms has improved trust between countries. Specific effects on international security Preventive impact: The treaties helped to prevent possible armed conflicts by reducing the number and power of strategic weapons. Strengthening dialogue: The agreements stimulated further dialogue on arms control and international security. Examples of the impact on specific situations Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Helped reduce the number of nuclear tests, which was an important step towards nuclear disarmament. LAUNCH (Strategic Arms Reduction): Led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles. Time frame: Approximately from 1947 to 1991. Definition: The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union (and its allies) and the United States (and their allies) after World War II. Later agreements and their impact Anti-Ballistic Missile Limitation Treaty (ABM), 1972The goal: To limit the number of missile defense systems, which was supposed to prevent an arms race in the field of anti-ballistic technologies and maintain a balance of threats. The main point: Each side could place no more than two missile defense systems, each of which would protect either the capital or one missile base. SALTI Agreements (Strategic Arms), 1972 The goal: To limit the number and new construction of long-range ballistic missiles. The main provision is the establishment of quantitative restrictions on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). Thanks for your attention