Use of nanoparticles in drug delivery

nanoparticles

1. Use of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

2. Road Map Introduction Drug vehicles Ideal characteristics of nanoparticles Drug release mechanisms Diseases controlled using nanoparticles Modes of administration Advantages Limitations 2

3. Introduction Particle size ranges from 10-1000nm in diameter Particulate dispersions or solid particles A drug may be adsorbed or covalently attached to the nanocarriers surface or it can be encapsulated into it 3

4. Drug vehicles Liposomes Polymeric nanoparticles Nanoparticles based on solid lipids Silica nanoparticles Gold nanoparticles 4

5. Liposomes Usually with 80-300 nm size range composed of phospholipids and cholestrol Drug is encapsulated Examples in liposomal formulations, such as anticancer drugs, neurotransmitters (serotonin), antibiotics, anti-inflammatory etc 5

6. Polymeric nanoparticles Diameter ranging from 10 to 100 nm These may be biodegradable and non-biodegradable Drug may b on the surface or incorporated Drug release by desorption and diffusion 6

7. Dendrimer nanocarriers A core, dendrons and surface active groups Surface functional groups enables the interaction Drug may be encapsulated or adsorbed on the surface Polyvalency 7

8. Nanoparticles based on solid lipids Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN) Size 100-500nm Delivery medium for lipophilic drugs Loading capacity limited by the solubility of drug in lipid 8

9. Conti… Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) Imperfect type NLC Multiple type NLC Amorphous type NLC Lipid drug conjugates (LDC) For lipophobic drug molecules 9

10. Silica materials < 50nm Highly porous framework Invading deeper parts of body Phenytoin, cisplatin , diclofenac , heparin are examples of drugs delivered by silica materials 10

11. Gold nanoparticles Size 130nm Use for cancer treatment Relay on enhanced permeability and retention effect Suitable for delivering enzymatic degradation susceptible materials 11

12. Ideal characteristics of Nanoparticles Small particle size Controlled drug release rate High drug loading capacity Biochemically inert and non toxic Physically and chemically stable Restricted drug distribution to normal cells 12

13. Drug release mechanisms Active targeting Drug targeting by ultrasonic energy and magnetic field Cell surface antigen should be expressed Antibody and ligand as targeting moiety Receptor-mediated endocytosis 13

14. Conti… Passive targeting Physical targeting Direct drug injection and catheterization Spontaneous drug accumulation in areas with leaky vasculature 14

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16. Diseases controlled using nanoparticles Cancer Ethylene glycol molecules attach to nanoparticles that deliver therapeutic drugs Or coating nanoparticles with membrane from RBCs Photosensitizing agents 16

17. Conti… Heart diseases Clot busting Inflamed tissue such as arterial plaque Diabetic mellitus Nanoparticles contain both insulin and an enzyme Autoimmune diseases Nanoparticles deliver antigens 17

18. Conti… Neurologic disorders Cross the blood brain barrier(BBB) Aging The contents of the nanoparticle released when an enzyme found in aging cells is present 18

19. Modes of administration Oral Intravenous Transdermal Pulmonary 19

20. Advantages Controlled and sustained release No wastage of drug No side effects Provide comfort and compliance Longer circulation half-lives High cell uptake 20

21. Limitations Expensive Small size and large surface area can lead to particle aggregation Limited drug loading Highly sophisticated technology 21

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