Uses of Biodiversity for sustainable.pptx

uses of biodiversity and their need

1. Uses of Biodiversity

2. Why is biodiversity important? Biodiversity is fundamentally important. It is considered by many to have intrinsic value: each species has a value and a right to exist, whether or not it is known to have value to humans . Biodiversity is considered by many to have intrinsic value: each species has a value and a right to exist, whether or not it is known to have value to humans. Biodiversity is also important for people and the survival of humanity. 

3. Why is biodiversity important? There are five core values that humans place on biodiversity: Economic —biodiversity provides humans with raw materials for consumption and production. Many livelihoods, such as those of farmers, fishers and timber workers, are dependent on biodiversity. Ecological life support — biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services .

4. Why is biodiversity important? Recreational —many recreational pursuits rely on our unique biodiversity, such as birdwatching , hiking, camping and fishing. Our tourism industry also depends on biodiversity. Cultural —the Australian culture is closely connected to biodiversity through the expression of identity, through spirituality and through aesthetic appreciation. Indigenous Australians have strong connections and obligations to biodiversity arising from spiritual beliefs about animals and plants. Scientific —biodiversity represents a wealth of systematic ecological data that help us to understand the natural world and its origins.

5. Biodiversity Provides- Food,Fibre and fuel Shelter and building material Purifies air and water Detoxifies and decomposes wastes Stabilizes and moderates earth’s climate Moderate floods,droughts wind and temperature extremes Generates and renews soil fertility and cycles nutrient. Pollinates plants including many crops Controls pests and disease Maintain genetic resources as key inputs to crop varieties, livestock breeds and medicines Provides cultural and aesthetic benefits. Provides us the means to adapt to change.

6. Biodiversity as a Source of food the diversity of plants, animals and other organisms used for food, covering the genetic resources within species, between species and provided by ecosystems is known as food biodiversity Food biodiversity can be considered from two main perspectives: production and consumption. From a consumption perspective, food biodiversity describes the diversity of foods in human diets and their contribution to dietary diversity, cultural identity and good nutrition .

7. Biodiversity as a Source of food Production of food biodiversity looks at the thousands of food products, such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, meat and condiments sourced from agriculture and from the wild (e.g. forests, uncultivated fields, water bodies ). Food biodiversity covers the diversity  between species,  for example different animal and crop species, including those considered neglected and underutilized species. Food biodiversity also comprises the diversity  within species,  for example different varieties of fruit and vegetables, or different breeds of animals.

8. Biodiversity as a Source of food Food biodiversity in consumption Promoting diversity of foods and species consumed in human diets, in particular, has potential co-benefits for public health and sustainable food systems  perspective. Food biodiversity provides necessary nutrients for quality diets and is an essential part of local food systems, cultures, and food security.

9. Biodiversity as a Source of food From a conservation point of view, diets based on a wide variety of species place less pressure on a single species. Natural Biodiversity have provided food and other products for much longer. High biodiversity can maximize production levels, which are sustained through the beneficial impact of ecosystem services for agricultural, modified, and natural ecosystems.

10. Biodiversity as a Source of food Only about 3000 plant species have been used for food throughout history; only 150 species have been cultivated to a greater extent, and fewer than 20 species provide more than 90% of human food supply, with just four species – wheat, maize, rice, and potatoes – providing more than half of human food requirements. This focusing on a few species, along with the breeding of so-called high-yielding variants that are increasingly displacing indigenous types, has resulted in a further loss of genetic diversity within the species in question.

11. Biodiversity as a Source of food However, because the higher yield is accompanied with increased vulnerability to diseases, pests, and environmental impacts, humanity’s food supply may only be secured in the long run by introducing wild species genetic material. Natural species and varietal diversity serve as a genetic diversity reservoir, and their preservation is critical for long-term food security.

12. Biodiversity in Medicine Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining human and animal health because numerous plants, animals, and fungi are used in medicine to produce vital vitamins, painkillers, antibiotics, and other medications. Natural products have been recognized and used as medicines by ancient cultures all around the world. Some animals are also known to  self-medicate using plants and other materials available to them . Plants account for a quarter of all medications, while animals and microorganisms account for the remaining quarter.

13. Plant drugs Many plant species have been known for their value as a source of medicine. They have a wide range of benefits such as anti-fever and anti-inflammatory properties, can treat diseases such as malaria and diabetes, and are used as vitamins and  antibiotic  and  antifungal medications. More than 60% of the world's population relies almost entirely on plant medicine for primary health care . A bout 119 pure chemicals such as  caffein ,  methyl salicylate, and quinine are extracted from less than 90 species of higher plants and used as medicines throughout the world .

14. Plant drugs Sweet Wormwood Sweet Wormwood ( Artemisia annua ) grows in all continents besides Antarctica. t is the only known source of  artemisinin , a drug that has been used to treat fevers due to malaria, exhaustion, or many other causes, since ancient times. Upon further study, scientists have found that Sweet Wormwood inhibits activity of various bacteria, viruses, and parasites and exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties .

15. Sweet Wormwood ( Artemisia annua )

16. Animal-derived drugs Animal-derived drugs are a major source of modern medications used around the world. The use of these drugs can cause certain animals to become  endangered or  threatened; however, it is difficult to identify the animal species used in medicine since animal-derived drugs are often processed, which degrades their  DNA Medicinal Animal Horns and Shell Cells from animal horns and shells are included in a group of medications call Medicinal Animal Horns and Shells (MAHS ). These drugs are often used in dermatology and have been reported to have anti-fever and anti-inflammatory properties and treat some diseases .

17. Medicinal Animal Horns and Shell Cornu Saigae Tataricae (antelope horn), Manis Squama (pangolin scale), Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum (velvet antler) and Cornu Bovis grunniens (yak horn) are valuable medicinal animal horns and shells (MAHS).  However, the increased demand for MAHS has led to some medicinal resources becoming endangered. There is also an increase in the prevalence of adulterated or impostor MAHS.

18. Medicinal Animal Horns and Shell

19. Animal-derived drugs Drugs derived from animal toxins Certain animals have obtained many adaptations of toxic substances due to a  co-evolutionary arms race between them and their predators. Some components of these toxins such as enzymes and inorganic salts are used in modern medicine. For example, drugs such as  Captopril and   Lisinopril are derived from snake venom and inhibit the  angiotensin- convertin enzyme. Another example is  Ziconotide , a drug from the cone snail,  Conus magus , that is used to reduce pain

20. Medicinal fungi Edible fungi can contain important nutrients and  biomolecules that can be used for medical applications. For example, medicinal fungi have  polysaccharides  that can be used to prevent the spread of cancer by activating different types of immune cells (namely T lymphocytes ,   macrophages and  NK cells, which inhibit cancer cell reproduction and  metastasis (the process by which cancer can spread to different parts of the body ). Fungi have been used to make many antibiotics since Sir Alexander Flemming discovered Penicillin from the mold,  Penicillium notatum . Recently , there has been a renewed interest in using fungi to create antibiotics since many bacteria have obtained antibiotic resistance due to the heavy selection pressures that antibiotics cause. The diversity of marine fungi  makes them a potential new source of antibiotic compunds ; however, most are difficult to cultivate in a laboratory setting. [

21. Raw materials In times of rising scarcity of non-renewable resources such as petroleum or natural gas, renewable raw materials of plant or animal origin play an ever-increasing importance. Living organisms produce various types of wood, rubber, fats, oils, waxes, resins, dyes, fibers, and other raw materials. Agriculture and forestry are projected to provide more than 10% of the raw materials used in the chemical industry. As a result, biological variety is becoming a more important source of raw materials for possible industrial use.

22. Raw materials Bio-based products can make the economy less dependent on non-renewable, fossil raw materials, and prevent non-renewable resources from being depleted. Bio-based materials can also open new opportunities in product development by providing novel product characteristics and by using biomass for new purposes . Here are some examples of raw materials that come from biodiversity:  Plant-based : Fruits, vegetables, flowers, lumber, resin, and latex Animal-based : Leather, flesh, bones, milk, wool, and silk Minerals : Metals, crude oil, coal, and other resources from mining

23. Aesthetics value of biodiversity The aesthetic value of biodiversity is the appreciation of the beauty of nature through the observation of species, ecosystems, or a collection of species. It is a central part of the relationship humans have with nature and motivates them to protect it.  This is expressed by humans seeking contact with nature Natural and wild landscapes including many animals are aesthetically pleasing and provide oppertunities to refresh.Biodiversity supports recreation and tourism

24. Aesthetics value of biodiversity Areas with high biodiversity are often aesthetically pleasing to humans and can attract tourists . Rainforests and coral reefs are examples of areas rich in biodiversity. These areas are home to unique species and are also highly productive ecosystems.  Some aesthetic benefits of biodiversity include: Pleasure Biodiversity can provide humans with pleasure, peace of mind, excitement, and a feeling of appreciation.  Inspiration Biodiversity can inspire creatives like artists, musicians, poets, and photographers.  Biodiversity also has other values, including social, economic, and environmental wellbeing.  It helps shape culture and identity, and humans rely on it for these reasons. 

25. ecosystem services An ecosystem service is any positive benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people. The benefits can be direct or indirect—small or large.

26. ecosystem services Benefits to societies from biodiversity include material welfare, security of communities, resilience of local economies and human health. The benefits of biodiversity to humans are sometimes called ‘ecosystem services.’  Ecosystem services are defined as: P rovisioning services — the production of food, fibre , water and medicines. This includes the products/raw materials or energy outputs like food, water, medicines and other resources from ecosystems. Ecosystems are a source of food, water, medicines, wood, biofuels, etc. Also, they provide conditions for these resources to grow.

27. Regulating services —(the control of climate and diseases) This includes the services which regulate the ecological balance. For example, terrestrial environs like forest purify and regulates air quality, prevent soil erosion, and control greenhouse gases. Biotic components such as birds, rats, frogs, act as natural controllers and thus help in pest and disease control. Hence, ecosystems act as regulators . Supporting services Supporting services form the basis for other services. They provide habitat for different life forms, retain biodiversity, nutrient cycling, crop pollination and other services for supporting life on the earth.

28. Cultural services It includes tourism; provides recreational, aesthetic, cultural and spiritual services, etc. Most natural elements such as landscapes, mountains, caves, are used as a place for cultural and artistic purposes. Even a few of them are considered sacred. Moreover, ecosystems provide enormous economic benefits in the name of tourism. The price tagging of the ecosystems and their services is quite unfeasible. Among all the ecosystem services, supporting services alone contribute about 50% and the rest of the services account for less than 10% in the same. Any loss or deterioration in the condition of biodiversity can compromise all these values and affect human wellbeing.

29. Cultural Value Most people feel connected to nature,often for reasons hard to explain Some feel a strong spiritual bond that may be rooted in our common biological ancestory . Others are inspired by its beauty. Human cultures around the world profoundly reflect our visceral attachment to the natural world thus cultural diversity is linked to earths biodiversity Cultural value of biological diversity conservation for present and future generations is an important reason for conserving it today Worshipping typical plants like peepal ( Ficus religiosa ), Tulsi ( Ocimum tenuiflorum ) and different animals (some snakes as Naag dewata and cow) also highlights the importance of it

30. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity Sustainable use (SU) of biodiversity is incorporated into multiple aspects of the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD ). Sustainable use is defined by the CBD as: “the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations ”

31. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity To use biodiversity in a sustainable manner means to use natural resources at a rate that the Earth can renew them. It’s a way to ensure that we meet the needs of both present and future generations. As the human population increases, so does the pressure on ecosystems, since we draw ever more resources from them. Our ecological footprint on the planet is unsustainable and will become unbearable unless we change our consumption patterns and our behaviour in general.

32. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity In the past, humans have adapted to changing conditions by increasing productivity, but now we have reached the limits of the Earth’s capacity. Today our only option is to manage productivity and resources in a sustainable manner, reducing waste wherever possible, using the principles of adaptive management, and taking into account traditional knowledge which contributes to the maintenance of ecosystem services.

33. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity Reduce waste : Reduce waste from consumer goods like food, clothes, and electrical appliances.  Consume better : Buy fewer products and make sure the products you do buy minimize their impact on biodiversity.  Use resources efficiently : Conserve varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes, and agricultural animals.  Prevent poaching and hunting : Prevent the poaching and hunting of wild animals.  Develop protected areas : Develop reserves and protected areas carefully. 

34. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity Reduce pollutants : Reduce the levels of pollutants in the environment.  Prohibit deforestation : Strictly prohibit deforestation.  Follow environmental laws : Follow environmental laws strictly.  Create public awareness : Create public awareness regarding biodiversity conservation and its importance.  Involve the supply chain : Involve the supply chain in your objectives to reduce indirect impacts on biodiversity.  Restore and regenerate : Restore and compensate for residual impacts on habitats and endangered species. 

35. Strategies for sustainable exploitation of biodiversity Promote ecological corridors : Promote the creation of ecological corridors in suitable facilities.  Identify protected areas : Identify and promote protected areas under private management models.  Ensure equity : Ensure equity in actions to address biodiversity loss and in the use of the benefits of biodiversity.  Support rights of nature : Support and protect rights of nature, where applicable, and those of environmental human rights defenders.  Secure land tenure : Secure land tenure and resource rights.  Strengthen customary institutions : Strengthen customary institutions and rules.