Using Information in Healthcare Mngmnt.pptx

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1. UNIT VIII USING INFORMATION IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT

2. Healthcare Management Healthcare Management is related to overall management of a healthcare facility. It is a broad term covering clinical directors, healthcare supervisors, health coordinators and nursing home facilitators. A person involved in healthcare management has below functions typically: Creating work schedules for staff Planning and hiring for new staff Ensuring smooth and effective functioning of all departments Planning and directing non-clinical activities in the healthcare facility Managing budget and finances of the healthcare facility Assessing risk in the healthcare facility Ensuring that quality of care is top-notch Supervision of all the staff

3. NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Nursing Information Systems (NIS) are computerized programmes that organize and handle clinical data from a range of healthcare settings in order to help nurses provide better patient care. A database and at least one nursing classification language, such as North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), and Nursing Diagnosis Extension and Classification (NDEC), are used in the design of the majority of Nursing information systems in order to accomplish this (NDEC). Nursing information includes data collected by nurses, data used by nurses, data about nursing activity and data about the nursing resource.

4. Purposes of Nursing Informatics System

5. Nursing Information System Components The components of Nursing Informatics integrates the nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom into the nursing practice. Other components include: Hardware Software Network : There are three types of networks namely Local Area Networks(LAN),Wide Area Networks(WAN), Wireless networks connect information system.

6. Benefits of Nursing Information System Better workload functionality: The shift modules make it easier to decide on staffing numbers and the right balance of skills for each shift. Efficient design and revision take less time as a result. Better care planning: Less time is spent on care planning, and the information that is captured is of higher quality. As a result, care planning, assessments, and evaluations are more thorough. Improved medication administration: Because electronic prescriptions are easier to read, it is less likely that patients may receive the wrong medication.

7. EVALUATION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA TO INFORM DECISIONS

8. Data Analytics The healthcare industry generates huge amounts of data every day; this data can be used to gather insights and effectively improve the quality of patient care.  Data analytics can help practitioners predict risks of infection, deterioration and readmission. It can help lower costs and improve patient care outcomes. The tools used in analytics fall into three general categories: Software that  acquires the data  from sources that include patient surveys, case files, and machine-to-machine data transfers Programs that  clean ,  validate ,  and analyze the data  in response to a specific research question Software that builds on the results of the analysis to  suggest various actions  to achieve specific healthcare goals

9. Benefits of Data Analytics Providing detailed electronic health records  Supporting clinical treatment decisions  Delivering real-time alerts to healthcare providers Providing in-depth insight into a patient’s health and treatment Improving the speed and accuracy of identifying disease risk in patients  Integrating data from devices such as fitness watches, cellphones, etc.   Providing efficient healthcare and reducing costs

10. TYPES OF DATA ANALYTICS Descriptive Analytics This is the most common type of analytics which provides reports and analysis based on past data. It uses historical data for analysis for events that have already occurred & to discover patterns. (e.g., to gain insight into an event) In direct healthcare practice, for example, descriptive analytics can be used to determine how contagious a virus is, by examining the rate of positive tests in a specific population over time. Predictive Analytics Predictive analytics helps to make predictions about unknown future events. The Predictive analytic method allows providers to determine individuals at risk for developing severe infections or chronic diseases. By identifying those at risk, it provides medical professionals an opportunity for early intervention and chronic disease prevention.

11. Prescriptive Analytics The main focus in this type of analytics is  “what should be done”  or “what can be done to make something happen”.  Prescriptive analytics can provide healthcare organizations with actionable plans based on their gathered data and assist during a pandemic as well as in a post-pandemic world. Discovery Analytics Discovery analytics helps healthcare organizations identify what needs to be further explored. It includes developing new drugs, analysing new diseases or disorders, and hypothesising alternative medical strategies for treatment.

12. DATA EXTRACTION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION IN HIS

13. 1. DATA MANAGEMENT The Healthcare Information System(HIS) was created to make it possible to collect, store and then make information available for both primary and secondary use. Data or information used primarily for operational purposes is referred to as primary usage( ie . Caring for the patient). The term “secondary use” describes the usage of data for tasks like auditing and research that are not directly related to the patient’s real care. In both cases, raw or calculated data about a single patient or a group of patients are presented.

14. DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESS

15. 2. DATA EXTRACTION In the Health-care Information System, data originates from two main sources i.e. Clinical and Managerial. Conceptually, they are stored in two separate databases. However, both clinicians and managers may use data from both sources. Purpose of Data Extraction In data extraction, certain identified data are taken out of the database and compiled for analysis. The data being extracted may be: C onfined to that of a single entity (a patient or any other entity) B elong to a group of entities

16. 1.Data Of A Single Entity In HIS, the entity that is of greatest interest to clinicians is the patient. However, managers at every level would also be interested in data about other entities such as service units, personnel, equipment and consumables. Data regarding a single entity are extracted in order to show: The changes in qualities(properties, results,and so on) over time The actions taken(tasks, interventions, chronology of events) The events that occurred(incidents) 2. Data Of A Group Of Entities For purposes of managerial oversight, audit and research, data from a group of entities is extracted and manipulated so as to give an idea about the similarities or differences between members of the group. O ne of the main purposes of data extraction is to create sub-sets of the entire population known as Registers e.g. Hospital Birth Registry. Often, clinicians are interested in studying a group of patients selected based on certain criteria such as diagnosis, presentation, severity or the type of treatment given.

17. 3. DATA ANALYSIS Analysis refers to the act of computation, categorization comparison Manipulation The purpose of analysis is to compare  (similarities and differences) the attributes  of a single entity or entities within a group. The differences are determined by comparing the measurement/magnitude/level between a certain value with: the previous value (change) a standard (deviation from normal) the variations of attributes (characteristics, features, results) over time (trend)

18. 4. DATA INTERPRETATION Data that is analyzed is easier to interpret than raw data. Interpretation refers to the activity of using various means to reach a conclusion. These means include: Comparison Inference Projection Conclusions are judgements reached through the use of informal deduction or inferential statistics.

19. 5. DATA PRESENTATION Data can be present by various charts and graphs like bar graph, pie graph etc.

20. 6. REPORTS Reports are the documented information and knowledge derived from data that has been analyzed and interpreted. Reports are usually in the form of a mix of text, tables and charts.

21. CHALLENGES IN HEALTHDATA MANAGEMENT Unavailability of data in a standard format across different platforms Quality of healthcare data Inability of software to support multiple formats to read/ store/ retrieve data at required time Frequent change in patient data subject to treatments and medication Chance of human error in collecting data Lack of standardization across different systems in different healthcare facilities Compliance to laws and regulation Data breach and security concerns for patients Huge storage capacity required to store patient history & current data

22. Healthcare Data in Decision Making The decision-making process helps hospital managers and administrators solve hospital’s problems/challenges by examining alternative choices and deciding on the best route of action to take. Using a step-by-step approach is an efficient way to make thoughtful, informed decisions that will have a positive impact on the hospital’s short- and long-term goals. Data-Based Decision Making(DBDM) is a mechanism for making choices at each step of problem-solving process based on verifiable facts and figures(data). The success of the data-based approach is reliant upon the quality of the data gathered and the effectiveness of its analysis and interpretation.