vaccine delivery system- types of vaccine and single shot vaccine.pptx

accine delivery system- types of vaccine and single shot vaccine.

1. Vaccine delivery systems K.B.H.S.S. Trust's Institute of Pharmacy, Malegaon. Presented By, Ms.Soundane Bhagyashri Vijay F.Y.M.Pharmacy Guided By, Dr.A.B.Gangurde Head Of Department Department of pharmaceutics

2. Contents: Introduction History of Vaccines Type of vaccine Advantages Disadvantages Uptake of antigens Single shot vaccines

3. Introduction: A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infection or malignant disease. Vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agents stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.

4. History of Vaccines: The term vaccine and vaccination are derived from a Latin word Variolae Vaccinae . First vaccine was developed in 1978 for small pox by Edward jenner . His innovations begun with successful use of cowpox material to create immunity against smallpox. Later louis pasteur invented rabies vaccine in 1985. Edward Jenner Louis Pasture

5. History of vaccine:

6. Mechanism of vaccine:

7. Types of vaccines:

8. 1.Live attenuated vaccines: Fight viruses. Contain a version of the living virus that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems. Eg .: Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccines and Chickenpox vaccines.

9. 2.Killed vaccine: When it is unsafe to use live microorganisms to prepare vaccines, they are killed or inactivated. Preparations of normal infectious, pathogenic microorganisms that have been rendered non pathogenic usually by treatment with heat, formaldehyde or gamma radiation. It Cannot replicate. Eg .: Inactivated polio vaccines

10. 3.Subunit vaccine: Contain purified antigens instead of whole organism. Composed of to toxoids, subcellular fragments or surface antigens. Protective immunity

11. 4.Conjugate vaccines: Bacteria have antigens with an outer-coating of sugar like substances called polysaccharides. They connect polysaccharide to antigen that the immune system responds to very well. Eg : Haemophilis influenza vaccine

12. 5.Recombinant vaccines: Vaccine antigens may also be produced by genetic engineering technology. Produced using recombinant DNA technology. Genes for desired antigens of a microbe are inserted into a vector. Eg .: hepatitis B virus

13. 6.Anti-idio type vaccines: An antigen binding site in an antibody is a reflection of the 3 dimensional structure of part of the antigen. The unique amino acid structure in the antibody - idiotype . Antibodies are formed that recognize a structure similar to part of the virus and neutralize the virus.

14. 7.DNA vaccines: DNA vaccine is DNA sequence used as a vaccine. DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA to produce an immunological response. The direct injection of genetic material into a living host causes a small amount of its cells to produce the introduced gene products.

15. Advantages: No disease-transmission risk. Protects drugs against degradation. Virosomes technology is approved by the FDA for use in humans, and has a high safety profile. Virosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. Enables drug delivery into the cytoplasm of target cell.

16. Disadvantages: Poor stability. It has potential for contamination. Expensive to develop and produce. Vaccines do have some risk adverse reaction, the most common being redness and soreness at the injection site or fever and allergic reaction . One disadvantage of vaccine delivery systems is the challenge of maintaining a cold storage, especially in resource-limited areas.

17. Uptake of Antigens Antigens: Antigens is an any substance which introduce parenterally in body simulates the production of an antibody with it specifically and an observable manner. Most antigens are either proteins or large polysacchrides .

18. Antigens generating process: endogenous and exogenous antigens.

19. Stages Of exogenous antigen uptake:

20. Stages of endogenous antigen uptake:

21. Single shot vaccines Single dose vaccines are given at a single contact point for preventing 4-6 diseases. They will replace the need for a prime boost regimen, consequently eliminating the repeated visits to doctors. The cost for single shot vaccines are higher as compared to normal vaccines.

22. The single shot vaccine is a Combination Product of a Prime Component Antigen with an Microsphere Component and appropriate Adjuvants and an encapsulated antigen which will provide the booster immunizations by delayed release of the antigen. Many aspects need to be taken into consideration when developing such controlled released technology based vaccine. In order to increase the therapeutic activity of single shot vaccines Vaccine Adjuvants are used. . Definition of single shot vaccine:

23. Important determinants for single shot vaccine development Biodegradable technology Encapsulation efficiency Particle size distribution Preservation of bio activity during formulation and released Scalable production processes Effect s of combination with various adjuvant Effects of different administration route

24. Advantages Economic. With one Injection 4 to 6 Infections can be prevented. Patient compliance is Improved because, they would replace the need for a prime boost regimen, consequently eliminating the repeated visits to the doctor for mother and their children.

25. Disadvantages and risks It consists of live metabolites so itself can cause illness. It may stimulate the immuno response. Some are not as effective as Multi-dose vaccines, because infection can occur due to micro organisms.

26. References https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine https ://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3465129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5287301/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232257539_Recent_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_systems_A_review https://www.slideshare.net/JayeshRajput7/vaccine-delivery-systems-237459563 https://www.slideshare.net/MAHARNABPRADHANVP21P/vaccine-drug-delivery-system-250897404 https://www.slideshare.net/NaveenBalaji32/single-shot-vaccines-naveen-balaji

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