Vancourver style of referencing

REFERENCING

1. VANCOUVER STYLE OF REFERENCING Presented By- Dr. Aakanksha Priya Post Graduation First Year AIIMS, Patna

2. OVERVIEW Introduction of Reference Uses of References Sources of References Difference between Reference list and Bibliography Different Styles of References Writing Vancouver’s Reference writing from different sources. Harvard style of References Writing. American Psychological style Summary Bibliography.

3. INTRODUCTION Referencing is the practise of acknowledging in your own writing, the intellectual work of others; that has been presented in some way into the public domain. Referencing style is a specific format for presenting in-text references .

4. USE OF REFERENCES To prove that substantial research has been done to support our analysis. Enables others to follow on our work. Gives credit to other peoples work Avoid charges of plagiarism Required to support all significant statements Used to indicate the origin of material and source for research .

5. SOURCES OF REFERENCES Books Articles in journals Websites Newspaper Articles Reports Tables/Images Video recordings Personal communication like Letters, Email etc

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REFERENCES LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY References list- 1) It is a list of sources we have cited in our text arranged in order they have appeared within the text. 2) It usually put at the end of the work but can also appear as a footnote(at the bottom of the page), or at the endnote(at the end of each chapters). Bibliography- 1) A separate list of resources we have consulted but not specifically cited in our work including background reading. 2) It is arranged alphabetically by author’s surname.

7. DIFFERENT STYLES OF REFERENCE WRITING Vancouver style(Medical field) Harvard style American Psychological Association(APA) Modern Language Association(MLA) Chicago Manual of style Campbell

8. VANCOUVER STYLE OF REFERENCE WRITING The Vancouver style/Numbered referencing style/ Uniform Requirements Style, is based on an American National standard Institute(ANSI) standard adapted by the National Library of Medicine(NLM) for databases such as Pubmed . It was developed in Vancouver in 1978 by Editors of Medical Journals. This style is used in over 500 journals, such as British Medical Journal, Canadian Medical Association and Journal of American Medical Association.

9. HOW TO CITE WITHIN TEXT? A number in the superscript format, e.g. ⁶ or enclosed in brackets(6), placed in the text of the essay indicated relevant references. Citations are numbered consecutively in the order in which appears in the text. Each citation corresponds to a numbered reference containing publication information about the source in the reference list at the end of the publication. Once a source has been cited, the same number is used for all subsequent references.

10. STANDARD FORMAT FOR CITING OF BOOK(HARD COPY/PRINTED BOOK) Author surname followed by Initial. Title : Subtitle. Edition if not First. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year.

11. BOOK WITH SINGLE AUTHOR/EDITOR Hoppert M. Microscopic techniques in biochemical. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH;2003. Storey KB, editor. Functional metabolism: regulation and adaptation. Hoboken(NJ):J. Wiley & Sons; 2004.

12. BOOK WITH TWO OR MORE AUTHORS/EDITORS

13. STANDARD FORMAT FOR CITING JOURNAL ARTICLES Authors surname followed by initials. Title of the article. Title of the Journal(Abbreviated according to style used in Medline). Year of Publication; Volume number( and issue/part): Page number .

14. EXAMPLE Drummond PD. Triggers of motion sickness in migraine sufferers. Headache . 2005;45(6):653-6.

15. FOR MORE THAN SIX AUTHORS Gillespie NC, Lewis RJ, Bourke ATC, Holmes MJ, Bourke JB, Joffe JK, et al. Ciguatera in Australia: occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Med J Aust. 1986;145:584-90 .

16. ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86 .

17. E-BOOKS Author’s surname followed by initials. Title of the e-book. Place: Publisher; Date of original publication[cited year abbreviated month day] Available from: Source. URL For example- Sommers-Flanagan J, Sommers-Flanagan R. Clinical interviewing. 3 rd ed.New York:John Wiley & Sons; 2003 [cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from: NetLibrary .

18. E-JOURNALS Author’s surname followed by initials. Title of the Article Title of the Journal Year(cited year abbreviated month day] Volume(Issue) Page Numbers Available from: name of the database URL For example- Leroy EM, Telfer P, Kumulungui B, Yaba P, et al. A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central Africa nonhuman primates. J infect Dis. 2004 [cited 2005 Jun 30];190(11):1895. Available from: ProQuest, http://www.umi.com/proquest/.

19. WRITING REFERENCES FROM NON BOOK FORMAT Video recording/Television Programe - Name of the Person, His responsibilities. Title: Subtitle. Special credits. Place of Publication: publisher; Year. For example- Hillel J, Writer. Out of sight out of mind: indigenous people’s health in Australia. Bendigo: Video Education Australralasia ; 2003

20. HARVARD STYLE OF REFERENCE WRITING Authors Name followed by its Initials. Years of Publications. Article Title with single quotation mark followed by full stop. Name of the journal in italic form. Volume followed by a comma Issue number in brackets Page number with comma . For Example- Pedda, J.(2003)’Creative writing in coventry. Journal of writing studies. 3(2),44-59 .

21. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION STYLE Author’s name, followed by its initials. Year of publication. Article title. Name of Journal in italic form, Volume, Page number. For example- Alverez, A.(1970). The savage god: A study of suicide. New York: Random House.

22. SUMMARY We can summarize that there are many standard style of referencing, we can use any one of them. It gives us a standard format of reference writing. Supports/significant statements and helps to know origin of work. Plagiarism can be avoided .

23. Bibliography Different style of Writing References in a Reference report by Caryn Anderson. Research Methodology & Biostatistics by Suresh k. Sharma .