Varieties of fig

varieties with photos subjected to iIndian Figs

1. VARIETIES OF FIG M.Subash Chandra B ose TAMILNADU

2. Fig ( Ficus carica ) Moraceae 2n=36 Western asia Fig tree denotes peace and prosperity Fig is a gynodioceious species Rich in dietry fibre and digestive enzyme ‘ Ficin ’ Type of fruit- Syconium Type of inflorescence- Hyphanthodium Cross pollination is called Caprification Pollinating agent- Fig wasp( Blastophaga psens ) 2

3. CLASSIFICATION OF FIG BASED ON COLOUR BASED ON POLLINATION PATTERN AND SEX OF FLOWER BASED ON AREA OF CULTIVATION LIGHT COLOURED Beall Brown Turkey Black Ischia Conadria Excel Deanna Alma DARK COLOURED Beall Brown Turkey Black Ischia Conadria Excel Deanna COMMON/EDIBLE/ADRIATIC FIG Conordia Brown Turkey Mission Poona SMYRNA FIG Calimyrna Taranimt Zidi SANPERDO FIG King Gentile Lampeiria WILD/CAPRI/MALE/GOAT FIG Samson,Stanford,Brawley INDIAN CULTIVAR S Poona fig Dinkar Daulatabad EXOTIC CULTIVARS Conordia Deanna Excel 3

4. 4 Type Popular varieties Flower type Mode of pollination No .of crops Listed varieties Other features Edible fig Poona,Conordia,Mission,Kadota,Brown Turkey Long styled pistillate fliowers Fruits develop parthenocarpically 1 470 Seeda are hollow without inner kernels and the embryo Smyrna fig Calimyrna,Zidi,Taranimt Long styled pistillate fliowers Female wasp from Caprifig enters smyrna and effect pollination 1 116 Originated from Capri fig . San Perdo Fig King,Gentile , Dauphine, Lampeiria Long styled pistillate fliowers First crop is developed without pollination but not the second 2 21 Commercially not important but some are grown in the mediterenean region for drying Wild or capri Fig Roeding 3, Stanford, Brawley Short styled flowers and functionally staminate Self sterile syconia 1 20 A primitive type and almost have no edible value. BASED ON POLLINATION PATTERN AND SEX OF FLOWER

5. POONA FIG Fruits are bell shaped, of medium size, weighing about 20-30 g. Thin skinned, Light purple with red flesh, of sweet, good flavor. It is most popular variety and it is commercially cultivated near by Poona. It is suitable for fresh consumption and drying purpose. 5

6. DINKAR It is improvement over Daulatabad for yield and fruit quality. This variety has been released by Marathawada Krishi Vidyapeeth , Parbhani and it is gaining commercial cultivation in Maharashtra state. High yielding with high TSS content big fruit size 12 kg/plant It is medium type variety in yield. It produces about 200-300 fruits per tree. DINKAR FIG 6

7. TP-7 This variety has been released by Marathawada Krishi Vidyapeeth , Parbhani and it is gaining commercial cultivation in Maharashtra state. Released during 2000 70-100 fruits /plant High TSS big fruit size 7

8. Brown Turkey ( Syn.Eastern Brown Turkey, English Brown Turkey, Everbearing ) It is grown on all the island of Hawaii . A small to medium sized light brown to violet fig with strawberry pulp. M ostly without neck . Small eye has a reddish colour from very early stage . Cold hardy, Often bears two crops in year. The main crop, beginning in mid-July, is large. The early crop is small. The cultivar is well adopted to warm climates. Moreover, this variety is used as rootstock in India. BROWN TURKEY 8

9. Kadota A greenish white small to medium sized fig, pyriform , vigorous, delicious fresh or dried. It is a rich, sweet, all purpose fig and the most common canned fig. Fairly hardy 9

10. YCD 1 ( Timla fig) 1993 It is an introduction and released from Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud . The trees are well adapted to the rainfed situations of Shevroys hills The trees showed high drought tolerance besides its exceptionally hardy nature and free from any pest or disease including the common fig rust.  The plants are spherical in canopy Fruits are in attractive reddish purple color and are large in size measuring 7.0 cm in diameter, each weighing 100-200g . Higher harvests are made from each tree, the maximum being 4000 fruits/tree. The bearing is throughout the year excepting winter months. Fruits are a rich source of vitamin C (500 mg/100g) besides β carotene and lycopene. 10

11. Caliymryna Calimyrna figs have light-green to yellow skin, as opposed to Mission fig. Calimyrna figs have a delicate, nut-like flavor. When dried, they turn golden tan The fruit was originally grown in Turkey and dubbed the Smyrna fig, for the famous ancient Turkish city. When California growers began cultivating it, they altered the name to Calimyrna . 11

12. Beall Usually cultivated in the eastern U.S.A A medium to large purplish black fig with amber pulp. Berbas are pyriform with prominent necks . Unusual for a dark fig since it has amber pulp. Main crop figs are oblate to pyriform with prominent necks. Main crop figs are oblate to pyriform with short, thick necks. Very good flavour . 12

13. Deanna (1986) Inrtoduction from U.S.A Fruits are produced parthenocarpically Fruits are pyriform in shape and large Golden yellow colour and straw yellow pulp. TSS 18 degree Brix . Fruits are suitable for drying It is performing better under Maharashtra and Karnataka condition. 13

14. Conadria (1983) Introduction from U.S.A Fruits are produced parthenocarpically A medium to large yellow green fig with light strawberry pulp and rich flavour ,ovoid in shape. Pyriform in shape 45g/fruit light pink pulp. TSS 18 degree Brix,i ts performance has been found better under Indian conditions 14

15. Excel (1986) Introduced from U.S.A A medium sized yellow fig with amber pulp Fruits are produced parthenocarpically . Oblate to spherical in shape, seems to be very hardy and has superb flavour . TSS 20 degree Brix . 15

16. Panachee A chimera which produces green fruit with yellow stripes and strawberry pulp . Pyriform with prominent neck. Dry flesh, but sweet. Leaves: not variagated ; base calcarate , 3-5 lobes, latate ; margins crenate. 16

17. Blanche A greenish yellow medium sized fig with violet stripes and amber pulp. Released in 1975, pyriform with a long, slender neck, Fine flavor. Plants are vigorous but not particularly hardy . 17

18. Flanders A greenish yellow medium sized fig with violet stripes and amber pulp. Released in 1975, pyriform with a long, slender neck, Fine flavor. Plants are vigorous but not particularly hardy. 18

19. King A medium sized greenish yellow fig with strawberry pulp. Pyriform to oblique in shape. It ripens between late June and August. A san pedro type, it sometimes sets sets main crop figs without pollination. Sweet and rich in nutrients. Fairly hardy. 19

20. Black Ischia A small purplish black fig with strawberry pulp, turbinate . Fairly sweet and rich in flavour . Susceptible to frost. It is grown in near by Lucknow , Saharanpur In U.P . Fruits are become black after ripening. 20

21. Alma A small to medium sized golden brown, pear shaped fig with amber pulp. Sweet in taste and delicious flavor. Released in 1975, well adapted in southeast. Highly resistant to fruit rots disease. Wood is very hardy. 21

22. Green Ischia A small grass green fig with dark strawberry pulp. Oblate to spherical shape. Small, fairly well closed eye. Good quality but not as good as brown turkey. Matures late, Fairly hardy. Jurupa A very large green fig with pink pulp and a medium sized closed eye, Pyriform . Good flavour . 22

23. Gulbun It is also known as jewel. A large light green to pale yellow fig with a translucent pulp tinged with pink. Good flavour , Seems moderately hardy 23

24. Other dark figs 24 Chicago hardy Daulatabad Never a lla Royal vineyard St.Jean Texas Blue

25. 25 Mary Lane Gillette Monstrueuse San Pietro Genoa Burns Wick Otrher Light Coloured Figs

26. References Singh,H.P.,Parthasarathy,V.A.,Prasath,D .(2009).Horticultural crops Varietal Welth.Stadiub Press Pvt.Ltd,New Delhi.Pg No 74 Mishra,K.K ,.(2003).Subtropical Fruit Culture.Kalyani Publishers,New Delhi.Pg no 143 26