Variety_Release_and_Notification_Procedure_India (3).pptx

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1. Introduction Seed as the foundation of agriculture: Determines crop productivity and food security. Need for improved varieties to combat climate change, pests, and diseases. Variety release & notification: Formal process to ensure only scientifically evaluated varieties reach farmers. Objective: Understand legal, scientific, and procedural aspects in India.

2. Definition of Variety A variety is a plant grouping within a species with distinct and stable characteristics. Defined under Seeds Act, 1966 and PPV&FR Act, 2001. May be conventional, hybrid, or genetically modified.

3. Objectives of Variety Release Introduce high-yielding, resilient cultivars. Encourage genetic diversity in cropping systems. Validate adaptability to different agro-climatic zones. Enhance farmer income and food security. Enable systematic seed production and certification.

4. Types of Varieties Research varieties: Developed by ICAR, SAUs, or private firms. Hybrids: Crosses that offer heterosis (hybrid vigor). Farmers’ varieties: Indigenous and traditionally selected. GM varieties: Contain transgenic traits (e.g., Bt cotton). Public vs private: Based on origin of breeding institution.

5. Institutions Involved ICAR: Coordinates breeding via AICRPs. CVRC: Approves varieties of national significance. SVRC: Approves state-specific varieties. DAC&FW: Issues notifications. PPV&FR Authority: Registers varieties and ensures breeders’ rights.

6. Variety Release: Overview Breeding: Identification through scientific crossing and selection. Evaluation: Multi-location and multi-year trials. Proposal Submission: By sponsoring institutions. Committee Review: CVRC/SVRC evaluate and approve. Release Announcement: For cultivation recommendation.

7. Stages of Testing Initial Evaluation Trial (IET): Preliminary performance data. Advanced Varietal Trials (AVT I & II): Conducted for at least two years. Agronomic Trials: Determine optimal sowing date, spacing, nutrient dose. Biotic & Abiotic Stress Screening: Resistance to stress factors.

8. Multi-location Trials Conducted under AICRP across agro-climatic zones. Ensure wide adaptability and performance stability. Trials include standard checks for comparison. Data analyzed by crop experts.

9. Criteria for Release Yield: 10–15% improvement over best check. Quality traits: Grain quality, oil content, etc. Stress resistance: Biotic and abiotic. Stability & Adaptability across years and regions. End-use suitability like milling, cooking, etc.

10. Proposal Submission Submitted by breeder or institute to CVRC/SVRC. Includes performance data from IET/AVT. DUS test reports and agronomic trial results. Photographs, breeding history, and pedigree.

11. Central vs. State Release CVRC: For varieties suitable in >1 agro-climatic zone or >2 states. SVRC: For state-specific varieties. Difference lies in scope, not in procedure.

12. Variety Notification Provides legal status to the variety under Section 5 of Seeds Act. Mandatory for seed certification and marketing. Published in the Official Gazette of India.

13. Steps for Notification Proposal to Seed Division, DAC&FW. Reviewed by Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards. Notification issued via e-Gazette. Added to official Seed Variety List.

14. Difference: Release vs Notification Release: Recommendation for cultivation (by CVRC/SVRC). Notification: Legal approval for seed sale (by DAC&FW). Notification mandatory for seed certification.

15. Role of DUS Testing Required under PPV&FR Act, 2001. Ensures Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability. Conducted by DUS Testing Centers.

16. Farmer's Varieties Recognized under PPV&FR Act. Registered based on novelty or traditional use. Can be released and notified if performance is proven.

17. Challenges in Current System Long duration for multi-year testing. Limited infrastructure and bureaucratic delays. Underutilization of farmer's knowledge.

18. Recent Developments SeedNet portal and online Gazette notifications. Biofortified and climate-resilient varieties. Involvement of private sector in trials.

19. Future Directions Digital DUS testing and AI integration. Genomics-assisted breeding. Greater farmer participation and PPP models.

20. Conclusion Ensures quality, productivity, and safety in agriculture. System involves scientific rigor and legal oversight. Future: Speed, inclusion, and innovation.