various types amplifier and role of power amplifier with their types

the role of power amplifiers in various applications such as audio amplification, RF transmission, and industrial applications will be highlighted. Practical considerations in designing power amplifiers, including thermal management, impedance matching, and distortion minimization, will be discussed to provide a well-rounded understanding of their implementation and optimization.

1. Analog Pre-distortion linearizer 1 Fig.1: (a) Concept of Analog pre-distortion linearization (b) Block diagram In this, the input RF signal is equally distributed in two paths. One is subjected to nonlinearity while is other path is linear. Components needed to design the APD circuit are Wilkinson Power Divider/Combiner (WPD/WPC), Hybrid coupler (HC), Phase shifter (PS). APD aims to characterize the inverse of the PA in terms of the magnitude and phase. Analog pre-distortion compared to digital is cheaper, easier to implement, broadband and consumes less power. My Work -Phase 1 (b)

2. Blocks of APD 2 Fig.2: Schematic (a) WPD (b) HC (c) RRC (d) PS (a) Wilkinson power divider (b) Hybrid Coupler (c) Rat-Race Coupler G. Bhargava and S. Majumdar , “ Design of Novel Rat-Race Coupler Based Analog Pre-Distortion Circuit for 5G Applications ,” 2022 IEEE International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT), Goa, India. (d) Phase shifter

3. Fig.3: Phase Shifter using RRC Rat race coupler based Phase Shifter 3 FR4 Substrate Specs :- Dielectric constant = 4.4 Substrate height= 1.5 mm Loss tangent= 0.019

4. Fig.4: (A)Layout (B) S11, S21 and phase shift of PS using Radial Stub Radial Stub based PS 4 (A) (B) FR4 Substrate Specs :- Dielectric constant = 4.4 Substrate height= 1.5 mm Loss tangent= 0.019

5. Comparison of Simulation Results of PS 5 Phase Shifter type Return Loss (dB) (2 to 5GHz) Insertion loss (dB) (2 to 5GHz) Phase shift ( deg ) Rat race coupler-based Phase shifter (for APD1) -8 -5 72 Radial stub-based phase shifter (for APD2) -14   -8 89 Table1: Comparison Simulated results

6. Simulation and measured results of PA 6 Fig.7: (A) 1 dB Compression Gain point (B) Gain, PAE vs output power (C) IMD3 vs output power (D) ACP of PA

7. Simulation results of PA with APDs 7 Table 2: Comparison Simulated results Device under test ACP L ( dBc ) ACP U ( dBc ) Adjacent lower Adjacent Upper IMD 2,3,4,5 Harmonics ( dBc ) PA without APD 23.2 23.6 28 27.7 -23.1, -88.8, -74, -128 APD1 (RRC based PS )+PA 39.9 40.1 15.1 14.9 -23.3, -67, -74.3, -129.5 APD2 (Radial stub based PS)+PA 29.1 29.4 25 34 -25.1, -90, -76.7, -130

8. Digital predistortion(DPD) using RF Weblab Generate OFDM signals (U) and send these signals through an RF Weblab PA and measure the output Y. Pre-distort the OFDM signal with the DPD-MP, send this distorted signal through the RF weblab PA, and measure the output Z. 8 DPD-MP (memory polynomial) Generate OFDM signal (Bandwidth= 100 MHz) X PA ( Weblab ) RMS(in) = -20 PA ( Weblab ) RMS(in) = -20 Y Z Implementation through Neural Network Software- MATLAB Simulink My Work -Phase 3 Fig.9: Flow chart of linearization of PA through DPD U

9. 9 THANK YOU