VIRUSES by Group Megatron (Biology Form 5)

Biology Form 5
Biodiversity
Microorganisms and Viruses

1. VIRUSESVIRUSES
By Group Megatron.

2. INRODUCTIONINRODUCTION
Viruses are tiny obligate intracellular parasites. They
consist of either an RNA or DNA genome enclosed by a
protective protein coat coded by the virus itself. Viruses
can be seen as genetic elements that move around, likely
originating from cells, and have evolved alongside their
host over a long period.

3. 1
Who discovered the
virus?
In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky identified a
contagious agent that led to tobacco
mosaic disease, smaller than bacteria.
Later, in 1898, M.W. Beijerinck referred to
this filter as 'Contagium vivum fluidum'
and officially termed it the 'virus'.

4. Hello, I amHello, I am
Mr. virusMr. virus
I can enter the human body through ingestion,
inhalation, insect bites, sexual contact, or
congenital transmission from a pregnant person
to the fetus. Viral infections typically affect the
nose, throat, upper airways, as well as systems
like the nervous, gastrointestinal, and
reproductive systems.

5. 2
5 main characteristics5 main characteristics
of viruses?of viruses?
They replicate rapidly, but solely within
live host cells.
They have the ability to undergo
transformation.
Being acellular, they lack cytoplasm or
cellular organelles.
They do not perform any metabolism
independently and rely on the host cell's
metabolic machinery for replication.

6. 4 CHArActeristics4 CHArActeristics
They have the ability to mutate.
Viruses are acellular, meaning
they lack cytoplasm or cellular
organelles.
They do not perform metabolism
independently and rely on the
host cell's metabolic processes for
replication. Essentially, viruses do
not grow or divide.
The majority of viruses contain
either DNA or RNA, but not both.
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS ?WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS ?
3

7. 4
What are some otherWhat are some other
CHARACTERISTICS of viruses?CHARACTERISTICS of viruses?
They are incredibly tiny and less complex than
bacteria, only visible with an electron
microscope. These organisms are believed to
exist on the boundary between living and non-
living entities.

8. 3. Varicella (Chickenpox)
2. SARS-CoV-2 virus
(COVID-19)
1. Influenza (Flu)
EXAMPLE
OF
VIRUSES
4.Viral vhinitis
(Common Cold)

9. 5050
Types ofTypes of
virusesviruses

10. NorovirusNorovirus
AdenovirusesAdenoviruses
Epstein–Barr virusEpstein–Barr virus
RetrovirusRetrovirus
CoxsackievirusCoxsackievirus
Canine parvovirusCanine parvovirus
HerpesvirusesHerpesviruses
Varicella zoster virusVaricella zoster virus
Hepatitis B virusHepatitis B virus
Dengue virusDengue virus
Hepatitis C virusHepatitis C virus
EbolavirusEbolavirus
MimivirusMimivirus
MegavirusMegavirus
PandoravirusPandoravirus
BornavirusBornavirus
PapillomavirusesPapillomaviruses
LigamenviralesLigamenvirales
PoxvirusPoxvirus
FiloviridaeFiloviridae
PolyomaviridaePolyomaviridae
PicornavirusPicornavirus
ParvoviridaeParvoviridae
PestivirusPestivirus
OrthomyxoviridaeOrthomyxoviridae
CaliciviridaeCaliciviridae
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirusKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
RhabdoviridaeRhabdoviridae
SedoreoviridaeSedoreoviridae
MarburgvirusMarburgvirus
HepadnaviridaeHepadnaviridae
ArenavirusArenavirus
TogaviridaeTogaviridae
CaudoviralesCaudovirales
Merkel cell polyomavirusMerkel cell polyomavirus
MononegaviralesMononegavirales
GeminiviridaeGeminiviridae
HerpesviralesHerpesvirales
AphthovirusAphthovirus
CircoviridaeCircoviridae
AlphaherpesvirinaeAlphaherpesvirinae
VaricellovirusVaricellovirus
NidoviralesNidovirales
Brome mosaic virusBrome mosaic virus
MetaviridaeMetaviridae
PicornaviralesPicornavirales
TymoviralesTymovirales
Phocine morbillivirusPhocine morbillivirus
PseudoviridaePseudoviridae
ArterivirusArterivirus

11. STRUCTURE OF VIRUSESSTRUCTURE OF VIRUSES

12. HOW CAN YOU PREVENT IT ?HOW CAN YOU PREVENT IT ?
Wash your hands regularly.
Utilize hand sanitizer.
Refrain from touching your face.
Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or
coughing.
Maintain social distancing.
Wear a mask.
Sanitize and disinfect surfaces.
Stay at home if unwell.
Adhere to public health recommendations.
Get vaccinated.

13. Fun factFun fact
Viruses: Living on the Edge
Viruses exist on the boundary between life and non-life. Unlike clearly
living organisms, they do not require food nor possess a metabolism.
Compared to bacteria, which typically have around a thousand genes,
and more complex life forms like humans with tens of thousands of genes,
viruses only contain a small number of genes, sometimes as few as three
or four.

14. Thank youThank you
ANY QUESTIONS?