Vital signs.pptx.pdf....................

About whole information regarding Temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure.

1. Vital signs by Akanksha nitin kotangale (BSc. Nursing)

2. Introduction Vital signs are basic components and Objective of assessment of physiological and psychological health of a client. Vital signs are the signs that give information about vital organs(Brain, Heart, Lungs, etc.)

3. 4 main vital signs are:- Temperature(T) Pulse(P) Respiration(R) Blood Pressure(BP)

4. Purposes:- Identify specific life threatening conditions and plan for needed nursing interventions . Detect changes in the clients health status. Through these signs, specific information may be obtained that helps in diagnosis of disease.

5. Normal value of tprbp:- Normal body temperature- 98.6 degree F or 37 degree C Normal Pulse is- 72 beats/minute in adult (60 to 100) Normal Respiration is- 16 breaths/minute in adult (12 to 20) Normal Blood Pressure is- 120/80 mm of Hg in adults.

6. 1) temperature:- Body Temperature may be defined as the degree of heat maintained by the body, or it is balance between the heat production and the heat lost by the body. The heat regulating center is the hypothalamus situated, in the brain. By balancing between producing heat and loss of heat in the body.

7. Conti….. The regulation of the body temperature is maintained by two mechanisms: Thermolysis: a physical regulation by loss of heat. Thermogenesis: a chemical regulation by the production of heat.

8. Ways of Producing heat:- Oxidation of Food Specific dynamic action of the food Exercise Strong emotions such as excitement, anxiety, nervousness, etc. Hormonal effect s Changes in the environment Disease condition

9. Ways of losing heat from the body:- The heat is loss from the body through different organs:- Through the skin Through the lungs Through the kidneys Through the bowels.

10. Normal variations in the body temperature:- In the healthy individual, the body temperature may vary between 97 to 99 degree F. The following factors may influence the variations in the body temperature: Time of the day Time of the month Age of person Part of the body where the temperature is taken Emotions Exercise Fasting Environmental factors

11. Sites for assessing temperature:- Orally (common way)- 37degree C (3-5 min) Axillary (safe way)- 36 degree C + 0.5 degree C (10 min) Rectal (Accurate reading)- 37 degree C – 0.5 degree C (2-3 min) Tympanic membrane

12. orally Axillary Rectal Tympanic

13. Equipment Thermometer is a device that measures temperature. Types:- Electronic thermometer Glass thermometer Paper thermometer Tympanic membrane thermometer

14. Conti… Reading of thermometer is from 35-43.3 degree C and 95-110 degree F. Thermometer deep in solution for cleaning are savlon, detol or lysol. Thermometer cleaning from stem to bulb (less contaminated to more contaminated surface).- after use and before use is vice-versa. Rotation method use to cleaning process by cotton piece.

15. 2) pulse It is the expansion and recoil of blood vessel that denote the functioning of heart.

16. Pulse site Temporal site pulse:- Temporal bone Carotid pulse:- Lateral aspect of neck on the carotid artery. Apical pulse:- It is the pulse that is fell over the heart. Located on the 5 th intercostal space. Only pulse assessed by stethoscope. Brachial pulse:- It is the pulse that is located on the elbow inner lateral side. Most commonly assessed in newborn. Radial pulse:- It is the pulse that is felt on the lateral side of thumb/radius bone at wrist. Femoral pulse:- It is a pulse that is present in the femoral artery at the growing region. Dorsalis pedis:- It is located on the foot anterior part. Popliteal pulse:- It is the pulse that is located at the back of knee.

17. Conti… Pulse should be assess by 2 fingers or 3 fingers, never use thumb due to its own pulsation Pulse Rate:- No. of time expanding and recoil in a min. Normal Pulse Rate:- 1)FHR (Fetal heart rate):- By Doppler 140-160beats/min. 2)Newborn:- 120-140 beats/min. 3)Adult:-60-90 beats/min. 4)Old age:-60-70 beats/min. Method of taking pulse:- palpation and auscultation.

18. Abnormalities:- Tachycardia:- It is a condition in which heart beat/pulse more than 100beats/min. Bradycardia:- When pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min is called bradycardia. Pulse deficit:- It is a type of abnormality in which radial pulse is less than apical pulse. Bigeminal pulse:- It is a pulse in which continuous double pulse is felt then after a pause come. Wiry pulse:- It is the thread like pulse feel in dehydration called as wiry pulse.

19. 3)respiration Respiration is the act of breathing. It is the process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide. Respiration may be external and internal External respiration (pulmonary respiration):- the exchange of gases between the blood and air in the lungs. Internal respiration (tissue respiration):- the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue cells of the body.

20. Characteristics of respiration Respiration rate:- It indicates the number of times the person breathes in and out in one minute. Depth:- It is estimated by observing the movement of chest during inspiration, which may be deep or shallow. Rhythm:- It indicate the equal interval between two respiration.

21. Normal respiration Normal respiration is autonomic, effortless, and regular. The normal adult rate of respiration is generally ranged between 14-20 breaths/min.

22. How to take respiratory rate:- Place the patient arm in relaxed position across his abdomen and place your hand on the patients arm. Now observe complete respiratory cycle(Inspiration, Expiration).

23. Terminology :- Tachypnoea- An increased respiratory rate more than 24 breaths/min. Bradypnoea- A decreased respiratory rate less than 10 breaths/min. Apnoea- Total cessation of breathing or respiratory rate. Hyperapnoea- Increase in the depth of respiration.

24. 4)Blood pressure It is the pressure that occur on the wall of the arteries due to contraction of heart is called blood pressure. Contraction of heart is called systolic pressure and Relaxation of heart is called diastolic pressure. Unit- measured in millimetre of mercury(mmHg). Normal blood pressure in adult is 120/80 mmHg. In which 120 is systolic and 80 is diastolic.

25. Method of measuring blood pressure(BP) Direct method- An oscilloscope is used for this method. This is a continuous method which measures mean pressures. A needle or catheter is inserted into the brachial, radial or femoral artery and oscilloscope displays arterial pressure in wave form.

26. Conti….. 2) Indirect method :- Taking blood pressure by using sphygmomanometer. Following types of measuring device is available- Mercury manometer Aneroid manometer Electronic BP device

27. Conti….. 3) Auscultation:- listening to the sound of the body. Patient lungs, heart, and intestine are the most common organs heard during auscultation. With the help of stethoscope.

28. Thank you